CN105494349A - Method for preventing and curing cotinus-coggygria fusarium wilt - Google Patents
Method for preventing and curing cotinus-coggygria fusarium wilt Download PDFInfo
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- CN105494349A CN105494349A CN201510931411.7A CN201510931411A CN105494349A CN 105494349 A CN105494349 A CN 105494349A CN 201510931411 A CN201510931411 A CN 201510931411A CN 105494349 A CN105494349 A CN 105494349A
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- bacillus subtilis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and curing cotinus-coggygria fusarium wilt. The method includes the steps that a fusarium-wilt-resistant medicament azoxystrobin aqueous solution or bacillus subtilis water suspension is injected into a trunk of a cotinus coggygria plant, and a fusarium-wilt-resistant medicament is injected into the trunk of the cotinus coggygria plant in a trunk injecting mode, namely, with an infusion method; medicine is delivered in the body of the plant through transpiration pull of the plant and is completely absorbed by the cotinus coggygria. The preventing and curing method has the good preventing and curing effect on the cotinus-coggygria fusarium wilt, the incidence rate and the disease index of the cotinus-coggygria fusarium wilt are both obviously reduced, and the viewing value of the cotinus coggygria is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forestry disease prevention techniques field, relate to a kind of prevention and controls of disease fungus of forestry plant, particularly a kind of prevention and controls of smoke tree fusarium wilt.
Background technology
Smoke tree (CotinuscoggygriaScop.) has another name called red autumnal leaves, ecliptic smoke tree, Anacardiaceae fuste.Machaka or dungarunga, plant height 3 ~ 5m, Autumn leaf colours is bright red after frost, is the seeds having ornamental value and economic worth, especially as the main body of Xiangshan's red autumnal leaves view, attracts a large amount of domestic and foreign tourists.But, since the 1980s, because infecting verticillium dahliae (VerticilliumdahliaKleb.), there is the withered phenomenon of large area in the ground such as Beijing, Shandong smoke tree, wherein in park, Xiangshan, the smoke tree fusarium wilt incidence of disease, up to 46.2%, has had a strong impact on the red autumnal leaves view in Fragrance Hill.Up till now, smoke tree fusarium wilt has become a kind of destructive disease of smoke tree of causing harm, attracts wide attention.
Smoke tree fusarium wilt is the destructive disease of one on smoke tree, and the lighter of causing harm affects red autumnal leaves view, and the very fast death of severe one causes catastrophic collapse.The symptoms form of smoke tree fusarium wilt is various, relevant with host types, host resistance and environmental condition.Infected leaves shows as 2 kinds of wilting types.Yellow wilting type: in eugonic summer, infected leaves inwardly turns yellow gradually and extends to large portion or full leaf flavescence from leaf margin, and vein still keeps green, final most of leaf abscission; Green wilting type: their early stage, infected leaves dehydration is wilted, and from leaf margin drying shrinkage curling gradually inwards, initial stage green is withered, and later stage zoom is withered, does not usually come off, the sick line of the subcutaneous visible yellowish-brown of petiole.Root, branch cross section sapwood part forms complete or incomplete brown stripes, the sick line of visible brown after peeling, the subcutaneous water stain shape of grave illness branch.
At present, chemical control, agricultural measures, physical method etc. are mainly contained to the method for the control of smoke tree wilt.Because germ produces Microsclerotia, it is not worldwide still had to solve Prevention Technique problem so far.Nowadays the prevention and controls of smoke tree fusarium wilt is mainly concentrated on to selection is sterilely cultivated, planted disease-resistant variety and soil-fumigating, soil is exposed to the sun, the cultivation management measure such as soil flood irrigation and biological soil sterilization.But the operability that selection is sterilely cultivated is not high; In breeding for disease resistance, not yet there is comparatively ideal disease-resistant variety so far; In addition, soil-fumigating, because needing very high economic investment, is only applicable to the forest of Peak output, and it can produce larger negative effect to environment; Soil tans by the sun and is only suitable in some areas with soil flood irrigation.And indoor with the test of pesticide effectiveness in field, find to wither that bacterium is clean, carbendazim and the green medicament such as to protect can alleviate morbidity to a certain extent, but field preventive effect is only 22.4% ~ 66.2%, and control efficiency is not all very desirable.In sum, also do not have at present one comparatively effectively preventing method carry out this disease of prevention and control.
Tree trunk injection method medicament is injected into the application method deeply reaching trunk xylem position, is the nuisanceless pesticide application technology of ideal Environmental compatibility.Adopt tree trunk injection method, medicament is injected directly in tree body, does not come in contact, avoid environmental pollution with surrounding environment, there is the advantages such as formulation rate is few, preventive effect is high, instant effect, water-saving labor-saving, be widely used in control forest borer pest and other forest-crop diseases.Control tree trunk injection method (also known as hang needling therapy on chronic method) being applied to smoke tree fusarium wilt is a new trial, will for finally setting up smoke tree fusarium wilt Synthetical control system, effectively this disease of control provides solid theoretical foundation and technical support.
Biological control have safe and effective, without advantages such as environment chemical agent pollutions, be widely used in the control of plant disease.Be injected into by biocontrol microorganisms medicament during method to plant trunk injection biocontrol microorganisms medicament and deeply reach trunk xylem position, biocontrol microorganisms medicament directly injects trunk inside, namely avoids in environmental exposure, reduces formulation rate, utilizes again biocontrol microorganisms high-efficiency prevention and control plant disease.
Summary of the invention
For the technical problem existed in the fusarium wilt control of existing smoke tree plant during object of the present invention, a kind of method of preventing and treating smoke tree fusarium wilt is provided, the inventive method is to the biocontrol microorganisms medicament of smoke tree plant injection anti-blight, can effectively prevention and control smoke tree fusarium wilt generation and spread, adopt the smoke tree incidence of disease of the inventive method process low, disease index is low, and control efficiency is good, improves to prevent and treat efficiency to smoke tree fusarium wilt; And apply the inventive method and solve current smoke tree fusarium wilt chemical pesticide, agricultural measures, physical method control difficulty, smoke tree fusarium wilt spreads soon, and control is difficult, prevents and treats the problem easily causing severe environmental pollution and biological control prior art blank in process.
For realizing object of the present invention, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method of preventing and treating smoke tree fusarium wilt, comprises smoke tree plant injection anti-blight medicament.
Wherein, described anti-blight medicament selects the Fluoxastrobin aqueous solution or bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions.
Particularly, described bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions is prepared as follows and forms: be added to the water by bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension, be uniformly mixed, be diluted to bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions, the weight of wherein said bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension and water is 1:150-700, is preferably 1:200-600; Elect 1:400 as further; The described Fluoxastrobin aqueous solution is prepared as follows and forms: mixed with water by Fluoxastrobin, dissolve, be uniformly dispersed, to obtain final product, and the weight of wherein said Fluoxastrobin and water is 1:200-600, is preferably 1:400-600, more preferably 1:400.
Especially, in described bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension active ingredient bacillus subtilis content >=1,000 hundred million/gram.
Particularly, in described bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions bacillus subtilis bacterial content >=1.4 hundred million/gram, be preferably >=1.7 hundred million/gram, more preferably >=2.5 hundred million/gram.
Especially, in described bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions the bacterial content of bacillus subtilis be 1.4-6.7 hundred million/gram, be preferably 1.7-6.7 hundred million/gram, more preferably 2.5-6.7 hundred million/gram.
The present invention provides a kind of method of preventing and treating smoke tree fusarium wilt on the other hand, comprises the trunk injection anti-blight medicament to smoke tree plant, and wherein said anti-blight medicament selects the Fluoxastrobin aqueous solution or bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions.
Wherein, the injection position of the described trunk injection anti-blight medicament to smoke tree plant is that smoke tree butt is to the distance above 1.5m place of smoke tree butt, preferably smoke tree butt or trunk 1m place, more preferably smoke tree trunk 1m place.
Particularly, in the process of the described trunk injection anti-blight medicament to smoke tree plant, the injected dose of the anti-blight medicament of described injection is 1.5-6.0ml/cm (trunk leading thread), is preferably 3-4mL/cm (trunk leading thread); If namely the ground of smoke tree trunk is through being 1cm, then the amount of the anti-blight medicament injected is 1.5-6.0ml; If the ground of smoke tree trunk is through being 5cm, then the amount of the anti-blight medicament injected is 7.5-30.0ml; If the ground of smoke tree trunk is through being 15cm, then the amount of the anti-blight medicament of per injection is 22.5-90.0ml.
Wherein, the described trunk injection anti-blight medicament to smoke tree plant is to smoke tree plant trunk injection anti-blight medicament 3-4 time, wherein, the dosage of per injection is 0.5-1.5ml/cm (trunk leading thread), be preferably 1mL/cm (trunk leading thread), namely each injected dose according to smoke tree plant trunk through injection, if the ground of smoke tree trunk is through being 1cm, then the amount of the anti-blight medicament of per injection is 0.5-1.5ml; If the ground of smoke tree trunk is through being 5cm, then the amount of the anti-blight medicament of per injection is 2.5-7.5ml; If the ground of smoke tree trunk is through being 15cm, then the amount of the anti-blight medicament of per injection is 7.5-22.5ml.
Especially, between the adjacent double injection process of the described trunk injection anti-blight medicament to smoke tree plant, interval time is 12-17 days, is preferably 15 days.
Wherein, described bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions is prepared as follows and forms: be added to the water by bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension, be uniformly mixed, be diluted to bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions, the weight of wherein said bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension and water is 1:150-700, is preferably 1:200-600; Elect 1:400 as further; The described Fluoxastrobin aqueous solution is prepared as follows and forms: mixed with water by Fluoxastrobin, dissolve, be uniformly dispersed, to obtain final product, and the weight of wherein said Fluoxastrobin and water is 1:200-600, is preferably 1:400-600, more preferably 1:400.
Particularly, in described bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension active ingredient bacillus subtilis content >=1,000 hundred million/gram.
Particularly, in described bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions bacillus subtilis bacterial content >=1.4 hundred million/gram, be preferably >=1.7 hundred million/gram, more preferably >=2.5 hundred million/gram.
Especially, in described bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions the bacterial content of bacillus subtilis be 1.4-6.7 hundred million/gram, be preferably 1.7-6.7 hundred million/gram, more preferably 2.5-6.7 hundred million/gram.
Particularly, start to carry out described trunk injection anti-blight medicament to smoke tree plant annual mid-June.
The method of anti-yellowing smoke tree fusarium wilt of the present invention, before spring break is extremely germinateed, uses Chongqing peak 99 plant protection in smoke tree planting site surrounding soil, promotes that smoke tree long shoot comes into leaves, strengthens its growth potential.Mid-June, after treating that smoke tree grows blade, adopt the method for tree trunk injection and garter injection, anti-yellowing smoke tree fusarium wilt medicament is injected trunk distance base portion in the trunk body at the distance above 1.5m place of smoke tree butt, rely on the transpiration pull of plant that medicine is conducted in plant corpus, and absorbed by smoke tree completely, play the effect of preventing and treating fusarium wilt.
The present invention prevents and treats the method for smoke tree fusarium wilt annual mid-June, after treating that smoke tree grows blade, adopts the method for tree trunk injection and garter injection, by bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions (active ingredient: bacterial content >=1,000 hundred million/gram; The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's Plant Protection Institute) dilute 400 times after inject in trunk body in distance trunk root 1m place, the transpiration pull of dependence plant makes medicine conduct in plant corpus, and is absorbed by smoke tree completely.The spray medicine prevention and controls of comparing traditional, prevention and controls of the present invention has good control efficiency to smoke tree fusarium wilt, preventive effect improves nearly 10%, make its incidence of disease and disease index all have remarkable reduction, and filtered out the good medicament of control efficiency and medicament optium concentration, simultaneously, tree trunk injection method first Application is in the prevention and control field of smoke tree fusarium wilt, efficiently solve and fully absorb at the process Chinese medicine of control, and easily cause the problems such as environmental pollution, improve the ornamental value of smoke tree.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below by specific embodiment, advantage and disadvantage of the present invention will be more clear along with description.But these embodiments are only exemplary, do not form any restriction to scope of the present invention.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and can modify to the details of technical solution of the present invention and form or replace down without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these amendments and replacement all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Method in following embodiment, without special instruction, is conventional method.
The medicament Fluoxastrobin (Azoxystrobin reaches also known as Amici) that the embodiment of the present invention is selected is the production of Syngenta Co., Ltd of Britain; Bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension is that the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Plant Protection Institute is produced, active ingredient: bacillus subtilis bacterial content >=1,000 hundred million/gram; Composite chitin (Powdered, main component: shitosan) is the production of Jinan Apollo chitin Fei Ye Co., Ltd.
Test site is positioned at the smoke tree growing area of Fragrant Hill Park, Beijing: old pine forest scenic spot and see that cloud plays scenic spot.See that cloud plays scenic spot sample ground height above sea level about 125 ~ 180m, slope aspect northwest, the gradient 3 °, stand type is smoke tree sparse woods, and the age of tree is children's age; Old pine forest scenic spot sample ground height above sea level about 160 ~ 200m, slope aspect east, the gradient 33 °, stand type is smoke tree sparse woods, and the age of tree is children's age.
Before spring break to germination, Chongqing peak 99 plant protection is used (except using Chongqing peak 99 plant protection in smoke tree planting site surrounding soil, other fertilizer that can increase smoke tree plant strain growth gesture are all applicable to the present invention, its effect is the growth potential of improving plant), promote that smoke tree long shoot comes into leaves, strengthen its growth potential.Mid-June, after treating that smoke tree grows blade, to smoke tree plant trunk injection anti-blight medicament, carry out the Prevention technology of smoke tree fusarium wilt.
Embodiment 1: the screening of insecticide-applying way
1, anti-blight liquid medicine is prepared
1-1) be added to the water by Fluoxastrobin, mix with water, stirring and dissolving, to be uniformly dispersed, be mixed with Fluoxastrobin solution, be namely mixed with Fluoxastrobin 400 times of aqueous solution, wherein, the weight proportion of Fluoxastrobin and water is 1:400;
1-2) bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension is added to the water, mixes with water, stirring and dissolving, to be uniformly dispersed, be mixed with bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions, namely be mixed with bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions, wherein, the weight proportion of bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension and water is 1:400;
1-3) be added to the water by composite chitin, mix with water, stirring and dissolving, to be uniformly dispersed, be mixed with composite chitin solution, be namely mixed with composite chitin 400 times of aqueous solution, wherein, the weight proportion of composite chitin and water is 1:400.
2, chemicals treatment
Choose 80 susceptible smoke trees that the height of tree, the age of tree, growing way are similar, be divided into 3 processed group and 1 control group, often organize 20 trees;
At the beginning of 2014 6 months-mid-August starts to inject three kinds of different agents respectively to 3 processed group: Fluoxastrobin 400 times of aqueous solution, bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions, composite chitin 400 times of aqueous solution, in each processed group, medicament carries out dispenser with foliage spray and tree trunk injection two kinds of modes respectively, processes 10 strains respectively; During foliage spray, be sprayed at blade face and plant upper soll layer equably; During tree trunk injection, the height of injection is butt (is about 12cm apart from ground, usually selects at 10-15cm place injection medicament).Every two weeks dispenser once, continuous dispenser three times, each injected dose is according to trunk leading thread every centimetre injection 1ml anti-blight liquid medicine, namely each injected dose is 1mL/cm (trunk ground warp), if that is the ground of smoke tree trunk is through be 1cm, then the amount of anti-blight liquid medicine (the Fluoxastrobin aqueous solution or bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions or the composite chitin aqueous solution) that per injection step 1 is prepared is 1ml; If the ground of smoke tree trunk is through be 10cm, then the amount of anti-blight liquid medicine (the Fluoxastrobin aqueous solution or bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions or the composite chitin aqueous solution) that per injection step 1 is prepared is 10ml;
With neither foliage spray administration, also not the smoke tree plant of injection medicament as blank group.
The grade scale of smoke tree fusarium wilt is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 smoke tree fusarium wilt grade scale
Third time dispenser after 10 days, investigate and records the order of severity that smoke tree falls ill, wherein, and calculating the incidence of disease, disease index and control efficiency, and carry out statistical analysis with SPASS13.0 software.Wherein the incidence of disease, disease index, control efficiency calculate according to following formula, investigation and result of calculation as shown in table 2.
Table 2 variety classes medicament adopts the effect of different modes of administration control smoke tree fusarium wilt
Result of the test from table 2: adopt the control efficiency of tree trunk injection mode apparently higher than foliage spray mode.
Embodiment 2: effectively can prevent and treat the medicament kind of smoke tree fusarium wilt and the screening of optium concentration
1, anti-blight liquid medicine is prepared
1-1) prepare the Fluoxastrobin aqueous solution of variable concentrations
Fluoxastrobin is added to the water, mixes with water, stirring and dissolving, to be uniformly dispersed, be mixed with the Fluoxastrobin solution of variable concentrations, be namely mixed with Fluoxastrobin 200 times, 400 times, the 600 times aqueous solution; Wherein, in Fluoxastrobin 200 times of aqueous solution, the weight proportion of Fluoxastrobin and water is 1:200; In Fluoxastrobin 400 times of aqueous solution, the weight proportion of Fluoxastrobin and water is 1:400; In Fluoxastrobin 600 times of aqueous solution, the weight proportion of Fluoxastrobin and water is 1:600.
1-2) prepare the bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions of variable concentrations
Bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension is added to the water, mixes with water, dissolve, be uniformly dispersed, be mixed with the bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions of variable concentrations, be namely mixed with bacillus subtilis 200 times, 400 times, 600 times aqueous suspensions; Wherein, in bacillus subtilis 200 times of aqueous suspensions, the weight proportion of bacillus subtilis and water is 1:200; In bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions, the weight proportion of bacillus subtilis and water is 1:400; In bacillus subtilis 600 times of aqueous suspensions, the weight proportion of bacillus subtilis and water is 1:600.
1-3) prepare the composite chitin solution water solution of variable concentrations
Composite chitin is mixed with water, stirring and dissolving, to be uniformly dispersed, be mixed with the composite chitin solution of variable concentrations, be namely mixed with composite chitin 200 times, 400 times, the 600 times aqueous solution; Wherein, in composite chitin 200 times of aqueous solution, the weight proportion of composite chitin and water is 1:200; In composite chitin 400 times of aqueous solution, the weight proportion of composite chitin and water is 1:400; In composite chitin 600 times of aqueous solution, the weight proportion of composite chitin and water is 1:600.
2, injection treatment
Choose 100 susceptible smoke trees that the height of tree, the age of tree, growing way are similar, be divided into 3 processed group (Fluoxastrobin group, bacillus subtilis group, chitin group) and 1 control group, each processed group often organizes 30 trees, control group 10 tree;
At the beginning of 2014 6 months-mid-August starts Fluoxastrobin medicament Fluoxastrobin processed group being injected respectively to three kinds of variable concentrations: Fluoxastrobin 200 times, 400 times, 600 times of aqueous solution; Bacillus subtilis processed group injects the bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions of three kinds of variable concentrations respectively: bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions 200 times, 400 times, 600 times of aqueous suspensions; Chitin processed group injects the composite chitin aqueous solution of three kinds of variable concentrations respectively: composite chitin 200 times, 400 times, 600 times of aqueous solution; Each medicament drug administration by injection 10 strain respectively of variable concentrations, i.e. chemicals treatment 10 strain of each concentration; The height of injection is butt (being about 10-15cm place apart from ground), every two weeks dispenser once, continuous dispenser three times, each injected dose is according to trunk leading thread every centimetre injection 1ml anti-blight liquid medicine, namely each injected dose is 1mL/cm (trunk ground warp), if that is the ground of smoke tree trunk is through being 1cm, then the amount of the anti-blight liquid medicine of per injection step 1 preparation is 1ml; If the ground of smoke tree trunk is through being 10cm, then the amount of the anti-blight liquid medicine of per injection step 1 preparation is 10ml.
Using the smoke tree plant of not drug administration by injection as blank group.
In third time drug administration by injection after 10 days, investigate and record the order of severity of smoke tree morbidity, and calculating the incidence of disease, disease index and control efficiency, and carrying out statistical analysis with SPASS13.0 software, investigate and result of calculation as shown in table 3.
Table 3 different agents is to the control efficiency of smoke tree fusarium wilt
The result of the test display of table 3, bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions process control efficiency are best, and control efficiency is 76.2%, and average attack rate is minimum, is only 8.7%, and average disease index is 2.49.
Embodiment 3: the screening of the best dispenser height of tree trunk injection
1, bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions is prepared
Bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension is added to the water, stirs, mix with water and be uniformly dispersed, being mixed with the bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions of dilution 400 times, being namely mixed with bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions; Wherein, in bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions, the weight proportion of bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension and water is 1:400;
2, injection treatment
Choose 80 susceptible smoke trees that the height of tree, the age of tree, growing way are similar, be divided into 3 processed group (i.e. butt group, trunk 0.5m group, trunk 1m group) and 1 control group, often organize 20 trees;
At the beginning of 2014 6 months-mid-August starts to carry out trunk injection medicament bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions in the different height of tree positions of three processed group respectively, the height of injection is respectively butt (being about 10-15cm place, 15cm apart from ground), 0.5 meter, trunk and trunk 1 meter of.Using the smoke tree plant of not injection medicament as blank.Every two weeks injection medicament once, continuous injection three times, each injected dose is according to trunk leading thread every centimetre injection 1ml anti-blight liquid medicine, namely each injected dose is 1mL/cm (trunk ground warp), if that is the ground of smoke tree trunk is through being 1cm, then the amount of per injection bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions is 1ml; If the ground of smoke tree trunk is through being 10cm, then the amount of per injection bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions is 10ml.
After third time drug administration by injection after 10 days, investigate and record the order of severity of smoke tree morbidity, and calculating the incidence of disease, disease index and control efficiency, and carrying out statistical analysis with SPASS13.0 software, investigate and result of calculation as shown in table 4.
The dispenser of table 4 differing heights is on the impact of smoke tree fusarium wilt control efficiency
Result shows, and when injection is highly distance smoke tree root 1 meter of, control efficiency is best.
Embodiment 4: the optimum medicament screening of trunk injection administration
1, bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions is prepared
Bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension is added to the water, stirs, mix with water and be uniformly dispersed, being mixed with the bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions of dilution 400 times, being namely mixed with bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions; Wherein, in bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions, the weight proportion of bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension and water is 1:400;
2, injection treatment
Choose 80 susceptible smoke trees that the height of tree, the age of tree, growing way are similar, be divided into 3 processed group (i.e. basic, normal, high dosage group) and 1 control group, often organize 20 trees;
At the beginning of 2014 6 months-mid-August starts to carry out trunk injection medicament, low dose group to the smoke tree plant of three processed group respectively: during injection the amount of bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions of every strain smoke tree plant injection be 0.5ml/cm (trunk leading thread)/time; Middle dosage group: during injection the amount of bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions of every strain smoke tree plant injection be 1ml/cm (trunk leading thread)/time; High dose group: during injection the amount of bacillus subtilis 400 times of aqueous suspensions of every strain smoke tree plant injection be 1.5ml/cm (trunk leading thread)/time; Using the smoke tree plant of not injection medicament as blank.Every two weeks injection medicament once, is injected three times continuously.
Within 10 days, institute an inquiry after third time drug administration by injection and record the order of severity of smoke tree morbidity, and calculating the incidence of disease, disease index and control efficiency, and carrying out statistical analysis with SPASS13.0 software, investigate and result of calculation as shown in table 5.
The different injection medicament dosage of table 5 is on the impact of smoke tree fusarium wilt control efficiency
Result shows, the various dose of injection medicament to the control efficiency of smoke tree fusarium wilt without significant difference, therefore moderate doses is selected to obtain best preventive effect, the each injected dose selecting the present invention to prevent and treat the anti-blight medicament of smoke tree plant fusarium wilt is 0.5-1.5ml/cm (trunk leading thread), and the final each injected dose selecting the present invention to prevent and treat the anti-blight medicament of smoke tree plant fusarium wilt is 1ml/cm (trunk leading thread); To smoke tree plant trunk injection anti-blight medicament 3-4 time.
Claims (10)
1. prevent and treat a method for smoke tree fusarium wilt, it is characterized in that, comprise smoke tree plant injection anti-blight medicament.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described anti-blight medicament selects the Fluoxastrobin aqueous solution or bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions is prepared as follows and forms: be added to the water by bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension, be uniformly mixed, be diluted to bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions, the weight of wherein said bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension and water is 1:150-700; The described Fluoxastrobin aqueous solution is prepared as follows and forms: mixed with water by Fluoxastrobin, dissolve, be uniformly dispersed, to obtain final product, and the weight of wherein said Fluoxastrobin and water is 1:200-600.
4. prevent and treat a method for smoke tree fusarium wilt, it is characterized in that, comprise the trunk injection anti-blight medicament to smoke tree plant, wherein said anti-blight medicament selects the Fluoxastrobin aqueous solution or bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the injection position of the described trunk injection anti-blight medicament to smoke tree plant is that smoke tree butt is to the distance above 1.5m place of smoke tree butt.
6. the method as described in claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that, in the process of the described trunk injection anti-blight medicament to smoke tree plant, the injected dose of the anti-blight medicament of described injection is 1.5-6.0ml/cm (trunk leading thread).
7. the method as described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that, described bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions is prepared as follows and forms: be added to the water by bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension, be uniformly mixed, be diluted to bacillus subtilis aqueous suspensions, the weight of wherein said bacillus subtilis bacteria suspension and water is 1:150-700; The described Fluoxastrobin aqueous solution is prepared as follows and forms: mixed with water by Fluoxastrobin, dissolve, be uniformly dispersed, to obtain final product, and the weight of wherein said Fluoxastrobin and water is 1:200-600.
8. the method as described in claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that, starts to carry out described trunk injection anti-blight medicament to smoke tree plant annual mid-June.
9. the method as described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that, the described trunk injection anti-blight medicament to smoke tree plant is that wherein, the dosage of per injection is 0.5-1.5ml/cm (trunk leading thread) to smoke tree plant trunk injection anti-blight medicament 3-4 time.
10. method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, between the adjacent double injection process of the described trunk injection anti-blight medicament to smoke tree plant, interval time is 12-17 days.
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