CN105463616B - 一种对氯霉素检测的碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸纳米纤维荧光探针制备方法 - Google Patents

一种对氯霉素检测的碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸纳米纤维荧光探针制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105463616B
CN105463616B CN201510885614.7A CN201510885614A CN105463616B CN 105463616 B CN105463616 B CN 105463616B CN 201510885614 A CN201510885614 A CN 201510885614A CN 105463616 B CN105463616 B CN 105463616B
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李晓强
顾天勋
邱华
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Bosideng Down Wear Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种对氯霉素检测的碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸纳米纤维荧光探针制备方法,属材料和制备和药物含量检测技术领域;所述探针主要的制备过程是:首先用巯基乙酸为稳定剂,碲粉和硼氢化钠反应制备前驱体,与氯化镉的水溶液在无氧的条件下反应,合成了碲化镉量子点,然后将制得的碲化镉量子点和聚乳酸以一定的比例在特定的条件下进行静电纺丝,这种方法可将量子点固定在聚乳酸纤维上,起到稳定了量子点的作用,基于荧光共振能量转移机理;我们建立了一种灵敏,简单,快捷的对氯霉素进行检测的新方法。此荧光探针对氯霉素的检测灵敏度高,且简便快捷,有很好的应用前景。

Description

一种对氯霉素检测的碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸纳米纤维荧光探 针制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备与药物检测技术领域,涉及对氯霉素有检测功能的碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维荧光探针的制备方法。
背景技术
氯霉素(CAP)是广谱抑菌抗生素是治疗伤寒,副伤寒的首选药,治疗厌氧菌感染的特效药物之一,因此它也是抗生素的其中一种。速成鸡也大量食用了这一种抗生素,在很久以前,它曾经大量的在医学界食用,但现在,它的使用规范已经严格起来了,原因是它的副作用极大,因其严重的毒副作用,如造血系统的毒性反应,骨髓抑制等,已被许多国家和地区列为禁用药物。因此,需要建立快速有效的氯霉素残留检测新方法,以保障人们的生命安全。
目前,测定氯霉素的方法主要有:紫外分光光度法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法、荧光法等。江虹等以曙红Y为探针,用共振瑞利散射法测定了药物中氯霉素、甲砜霉素的含量。尽管这些方法有很高的灵敏性和准确性,但是却需要培训专门的技术人员、耗费昂贵的检测费用、操作繁琐,且样品必须送往专业实验室进行数据分析等;因此,有必要寻求一种更加快速、便捷、高效的方法用于氯霉素的即时检测。
相比于传统有机荧光染料,量子点拥有众多优点如:不易漂白,有相对比较宽的激发光谱,窄并且对称的发射光谱无拖尾现象,荧光强度高。并且有文章报导用水溶液状态下的量子点对一些药物进行检测,但是溶液状态下的量子点不稳定容易发生团聚,影响量子点的发光性能,而且量子点的制备属于比较繁琐的实验,且具有一定的成本,所以怎样固定量子点以改善其稳定性,同时能够对药物进行检测成为了我们的研究目标。本文通过静电纺丝方法将量子点结合于纤维膜中,对其进行固定,从而明显改善量子点的稳定性,避免了长时间保存发生团聚;并且静电纺丝纳米纤维膜具有超大的比表面积,固定在纳米纤维膜上的量子点可以和药物充分接触。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种对氯霉素检测的碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸纳米纤维荧光探针的化学制备方法,克服现有氯霉素检测技术中检测费用昂贵、操作繁琐、并且对实验员要求高的缺陷。
附图说明
图1:水溶性CdTe量子点透射电镜图
图2:CdTe量子点溶液红外光谱图
图3:CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维荧光探针的(a)扫描电镜图和(b)透射电镜图
图4:CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维荧光探针的荧光显微镜图,(a)可见光下,(b)365nm激发
图5:CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维荧光探针与氯霉素作用后的荧光光谱图
图6:a为CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维荧光强度随氯霉素浓度变化图,b为标准曲线
根据附图进一步解释具体实施方式
图1为本发明制得的CdTe量子点透射电镜图,由图可知,CdTe量子点的形貌近似为球形,被一层巯基乙酸包覆,在制备量子点时加入巯基乙酸能够很好的阻止量子点发生团聚,分布均匀且分散性较好,没有出现明显的聚集现象。而且巯基乙酸修饰的量子点因为会有-OH的存在所以水溶性比较好,有很好的生物相容性。
图2为本发明制得的CdTe量子点红外光谱图,由图可知,2900-3000cm-1之间的宽峰是羧基官能团中的-OH伸缩振动,而处于2567cm-1的较弱的峰是-SH的伸缩振动峰,1723cm-1的较强的伸缩振动峰是C=O。图中巯基乙酸-量子点的红外光谱2567cm-1的-SH的伸缩振动峰消失,说明在合成量子点过程中,巯基乙酸的-SH与Cd2+发生配位作用,这就使得制得的量子点表面缺陷减少,且非辐射中心减少,能很好的提高量子点的稳定性和发光强度。
图3为本实验制得的CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维荧光探针的扫描电镜图以及透射电镜图,由图可知,通过量子点与PLA进行混合纺丝,可以将量子点在纳米纤维上进行固定,从而防止其再次发生团聚。由图4(a)和4(b)所示的扫描电镜和透射电镜像可以看出,量子点能够很好的附着在纳米纤维膜上。
图4为本实验制得的CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维荧光探针的荧光显微镜图,由图可知,巯基乙酸包覆的量子点在放置一段时间后,量子点会发生团聚现象,导致量子点的发射波长增大,直至肉眼无法观测到量子点的荧光效应。而通过静电纺丝制备的量子点/PLA纤维在室温下放置30天后,量子点纤维的发射波长几乎没有变化。图4(a)和图4(b)分布是可见光下的CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维显微图和在365nm激发下的荧光显微镜图,测得的荧光发射波长为570nm。从图4(b)中可以看出纳米纤维中确实有CdTe量子点存在,且荧光效果比较明显,量子点分布均匀,这说明了PLA确实对量子点起到了很好的固定作用。
图5为本实验制得的CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维荧光探针与氯霉素作用后的荧光光谱图,由图可知,所用的激发波长为365nm,发射波长为570nm,用来猝灭的氯霉素溶度为30μg/ml。当量子点表面的有机配体被其他的极性硫醇取代后,量子点表面的晶格缺陷增大,非辐射重组的发生增加,使量子点的荧光发生猝灭。因此可知,氯霉素改变了CdTe量子点的表面状态,增大了表面缺陷和非辐射重组的发生,从而使CdTe量子点发生荧光猝灭。说明量子点与氯霉素发生了荧光共振能量转移,也证明了CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维荧光探针可以对氯霉素进行检测,且检测效果比较明显。并且量子点经过纳米纤维的固定,CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维作为稳定的荧光探针可以保存很长一段时间而不会团聚变质。
图6为本实验制得的CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维荧光强度随氯霉素浓度变化图以及猝灭标准曲线,由图可知,在一定浓度范围内,量子点的荧光强度会随氯霉素含量的增加而下降。通过下降的曲线可以确定氯霉素确实可以使量子点发生淬灭,从而达到检测氯霉素的目的。实验证明通过此种方法可以对氯霉素进行准确、有效、直观的检测。
具体实施方式
下面根据具体实施实例对本发明做进一步说明。
一种对氯霉素检测的CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维荧光探针的化学制备方法,其特征在于:CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维荧光探针具有比溶液状态下CdTe量子点更好的荧光稳定性,当CdTe量子点与目标分子氯霉素在空间上相互接近,通过荧光共振能量转移原理,CdTe量子点/PLA纳米纤维荧光探针的能量能够被氯霉素所吸收,利用CdTe量子点荧光强度的改变,实现对氯霉素的检测,本发明的制备过程包括如下几个步骤:
实施例1:
在50mL的圆底烧瓶中加入0.07g硼氢化钠,再向烧瓶中加入3mL的去离子水,接着将0.12g的碲粉加入到烧瓶中,稍晃动烧瓶,然后将瓶口塞紧,在木塞上插入导管,另一端水封,将烧瓶置于超声波容器中,在超声条件下反应2小时,发现水封的烧杯中有气泡冒出,溶液逐渐变为紫色,得到前驱体NaHTe溶液。
(2)第二步是巯基乙酸包覆的碲化镉量子点的合成:取一个三颈烧瓶,持续通入氮气20min除氧,然后往烧瓶中加入0.12gCdCl2.2.5H2O,适量去离子水,继续通氮除氧30min。接着向烧瓶中注入100μL巯基乙酸,发现有白色沉淀生成,用1mol/L的氢氧化钠调节pH值,可以观察到当pH接近9.0时溶液中的白色沉淀消失。最后快速向烧瓶溶液中注入前驱体,控制n(Cd2+):n(Te2-):n(巯基乙酸)=0.9:0.4:1.5,然后100℃加热冷凝回流3h。随着回流,溶液颜色变深。
(3)第三步是碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维的制备:取2.0gPLA于25mL的烧杯中,向其中加入18g的三氟乙醇,在室温下搅拌1h,PLA充分溶解,将0.4g的CdTe量子点加入到烧杯中,继续搅拌1h,取搅拌液于注射器中,调节静电纺丝参数,电压为15Kv,距离为15cm,纺丝的流速为1.5mL/h,室温下纺丝。
(4)第四步是纯化过程:将上述得到的碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维膜用丙酮溶液进行清洗去除表面的残留物质,然后再将此纤维膜浸泡在去离子水中,静置一段时间,取出氮气条件下吹干。
(5)第五步是测试过程:将不同溶度的氯霉素溶液滴于上述碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维膜上,根据方程Q=(F0一F)/F0进行计算得到标准曲线,其中Q表示猝灭效率,F0表示没有滴加氯霉素时碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维膜的荧光发射强度,F表示滴加不同溶度氯霉素后此纳米荧光探针的荧光发射强度。
实例2:
在50mL的圆底烧瓶中加入0.08g硼氢化钠,再向烧瓶中加入3mL的去离子水,接着将0.13g的碲粉加入到烧瓶中,稍晃动烧瓶,然后将瓶口塞紧,在木塞上插入导管,另一端水封,将烧瓶置于超声波容器中,在超声条件下反应2小时,发现水封的烧杯中有气泡冒出,溶液逐渐变为紫色,得到前驱体NaHTe溶液。
(2)第二步是巯基乙酸包覆的碲化镉量子点的合成:取一个三颈烧瓶,持续通入氮气20min除氧,然后往烧瓶中加入0.1gCdCl2.2.5H2O,适量去离子水,继续通氮除氧30min。接着向烧瓶中注入100μL巯基乙酸,发现有白色沉淀生成,用1mol/L的氢氧化钠调节pH值,可以观察到当pH接近9.0时溶液中的白色沉淀消失。最后快速向烧瓶溶液中注入前驱体,控制n(Cd2+):n(Te2-):n(巯基乙酸)=1.0:0.5:2.0,然后100℃加热冷凝回流3h。随着回流,溶液颜色变深。
(3)第三步是碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维的制备:取2.0gPLA于25mL的烧杯中,向其中加入18g的三氟乙醇,在室温下搅拌1h,PLA充分溶解,将0.4g的CdTe量子点加入到烧杯中,继续搅拌1h,取搅拌液于注射器中,调节静电纺丝参数,电压为15Kv,距离为15cm,纺丝的流速为1.5mL/h,室温下纺丝。
(4)第四步是纯化过程:将上述得到的碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维膜用丙酮溶液进行清洗去除表面的残留物质,然后再将此纤维膜浸泡在去离子水中,静置一段时间,取出氮气条件下吹干。
(5)第五步是测试过程:将不同溶度的氯霉素溶液滴于上述碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维膜上,根据方程Q=(F0一F)/F0进行计算得到标准曲线,其中Q表示猝灭效率,F0表示没有滴加氯霉素时碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维膜的荧光发射强度,F表示滴加不同溶度氯霉素后此纳米荧光探针的荧光发射强度。

Claims (6)

1.一种基于碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维荧光探针的氯霉素的可视化检测方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:(1)第一步是前驱体NaHTe的制备:将硼氢化钠和碲粉加入圆底烧瓶中,再向烧瓶中加入去离子水使固体溶解,然后将瓶口塞紧,另一端水封,将烧瓶置于超声波容器中反应,最终得到的紫色溶液即是前驱体NaHTe溶液;
(2)第二步是巯基乙酸包覆的碲化镉量子点的合成:将步骤(1)制得的溶液加入到氯化镉的水溶液中,密封,通氮除氧,然后加入巯基乙酸,加入氢氧化钠调节pH为碱性,加热冷凝回流一段时间就可得到所需量子点;
(3)第三步是碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸纳米纤维的制备:用三氟乙醇溶解聚乳酸,将步骤(2)制得的量子点与聚乳酸纺丝液混合,调节纺丝参数,进行静电纺丝;
(4)第四步是纯化过程:将上述得到的碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维膜用丙酮溶液进行清洗去除表面的残留物质,然后再将此纤维膜浸泡在去离子水中,静置一段时间,取出氮气条件下吹干;
(5)第五步是测试过程:将不同浓度的氯霉素溶液滴于上述碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维膜上,根据方程Q=(F0一F)/F0进行计算得到标准曲线,其中Q表示猝灭效率,F0表示没有滴加氯霉素时碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维膜的荧光发射强度,F表示滴加不同浓度氯霉素后此纳米荧光探针的荧光发射强度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维荧光探针的氯霉素的可视化检测方法,其特征在所述步骤一中,硼氢化钠0.07g-0.08g,碲粉的量为0.12g-0.13g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维荧光探针的氯霉素的可视化检测方法,其特征在所述步骤二中,有巯基乙酸存在的氯化镉水溶液的pH值为9,n(Cd2+):n(Te2-):n(巯基乙酸)=0.9-1.0:0.4-0.5:1.5-2.0,回流温度为100℃,时间为3h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维荧光探针的氯霉素的可视化检测方法,其特征在所述步骤三中,制备纳米纤维荧光探针所用的纺丝液是聚乳酸,纺丝浓度为10%,CdTe量子点的浓度为0.5%,纺丝的电压为15kV ,距离为15cm,流速1.5mL/h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维荧光探针的氯霉素的可视化检测方法,其特征在所述步骤五中,所用氯霉素浓度为10μg/mL、20μg/mL、30μg/mL、40μg/mL、50μg/mL、60μg/mL、70μg/mL、80μg/mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维荧光探针的氯霉素的可视化检测方法,其特征在所述步骤五中,按照该方法制备碲化镉量子点/聚乳酸的纳米纤维荧光探针用于对氯霉素的测定。
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