CN105452097A

CN105452097A - Buoy for single point mooring system

Info

Publication number: CN105452097A
Application number: CN201480001914.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 左海强; 李波; 孙宝江; 刘国荣; 王振波
Original assignee: Qingdao Zhiyong New Material Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Qingdao Zhiyong New Material Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2014-07-05
Filing date: 2014-07-05
Publication date: 2016-03-30
Anticipated expiration: 2034-07-05
Also published as: WO2016004562A1; CN105452097B

Abstract

A buoy for a single point mooring system relates to a buoy used in a turret mooring system. The buoy comprises a fixed cylinder (8), an upper buoy (4), a lower buoy (7) and a mooring mechanism. The fixed cylinder (8) is vertically disposed. A rotating joint (16) is disposed on the upper end of the fixed cylinder (8). The upper buoy (4) is freely rotatably sleeved on the upper part of the fixed cylinder (8). The lower buoy (7) is freely rotatably sleeved on the lower part of the fixed cylinder (8). An anchor chain fixing mechanism is disposed at the bottom of the fixed cylinder (8). The longitudinal section of the upper buoy (4) is a sector with a big top and a small bottom. The longitudinal section of the lower buoy (7) is a sector with a big bottom and a small top. The mooring mechanism is fixed on the upper side of the upper buoy (4). The buoy for a single point mooring system forms a structure that is big in the end and small in the middle, so that the influence of wind, waves, and streams on the buoy can be greatly reduced, the wind and wave resistance is improved, and the influence of tide rise and tide fall on the force on anchor chains is effectively alleviated.

Description

Buoy of single point mooring system

Technical Field

A single point mooring system buoy relates to a buoy used in a turret mooring system.

Background

The main function of the single point mooring system is to moor a tanker or FPSO (floating storage and offloading unit) to a fixed sea area for the transportation of crude oil or chemicals (fluids). The oil tanker or the FPSO is tied on the buoy through a cable and can rotate 360 degrees around the single-point mooring system, so that the oil tanker or the FPSO has a wind vane effect, and the force received under the action of storm flow is smaller. In whole single point mooring system, the effect of flotation pontoon is to provide buoyancy and installation carousel, and the flotation pontoon will satisfy the requirement of certain intensity and aquatic stability, still will guarantee to stabilize in chainless towboat, and the stormy wave resistance ability of current flotation pontoon is relatively weak, can't survive in adverse circumstances.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the buoy of the single-point mooring system, which has strong wind and wave resistance and can survive in severe environment, is provided.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: this single point mooring system flotation pontoon, including fixed drum, upper pontoon, lower pontoon and mooring mechanism, the vertical setting of fixed drum, fixed drum upper end are equipped with rotary joint, and upper pontoon free rotation's cover is on fixed drum upper portion, and lower pontoon free rotation's cover is in the lower part of fixed drum, and fixed drum bottom is equipped with anchor chain fixed establishment, and upper pontoon longitudinal section is big-end-up fan-shaped, and lower pontoon longitudinal section is big-end-up fan-shaped, and mooring mechanism fixes on the upper pontoon upside. The upper buoy is big-end-up, and the lower buoy is big-end-up, make this single point mooring system flotation pontoon form the big-end-up structure in the middle of both ends, fix the fixed cylinder on the seabed through the anchor chain, the sea is located between upper buoy and the lower buoy, big stormy waves appear when the sea, the sea changes in the less within range of diameter between upper buoy and the lower buoy, the buoyancy change of tide fluctuation to this single point mooring system flotation pontoon is little, can effectively alleviate the influence of tide fluctuation to the anchor chain atress, and upper buoy and lower buoy have increased single point mooring system's reliability, even the lower buoy became invalid, also can not cause this single point mooring system flotation pontoon to sink in whole.

Preferably, the cross sections of the upper buoy and the lower buoy are elliptical with wide middle part and narrow two ends, the lower end of the upper buoy is provided with a straight cylindrical vertical pipe, a thrust bearing is arranged between the lower end of the vertical pipe and the lower buoy, and the lower end of the lower buoy is axially supported on the fixed cylinder through a rotary supporting mechanism. The upper buoy and the lower buoy can freely rotate relative to the fixed cylinder, the upper buoy automatically rotates to the direction with the minimum stress under the action of wind power, and the lower buoy automatically rotates to the direction with the minimum stress under the action of ocean current, so that the influence of the wind power and the ocean current on the buoy of the single-point mooring system is respectively reduced; the sections facing the wind and the waves are very small, so that the influence of the wind, the waves and the currents on the buoy can be greatly reduced, the wind and wave resistance is improved, and the buoy can survive in a severe environment; the length of the stand pipe is equal to the maximum tidal water fluctuation height difference of the sea area, the buoyancy of the buoy of the single point mooring system is not obviously changed by the tidal water fluctuation, and the load borne by the anchor chain is constant. Meanwhile, as the section of the contact part of the buoy and the sea surface is smaller, the impact force of sea waves on the buoy is weaker, and the wind and wave resistance and the stability of the buoy are further improved.

Preferably, the rotary supporting mechanism comprises a buoy supporting plate and a positioning roller, the buoy supporting plate is fixed on a fixed cylinder of the lower buoy lower side, the positioning roller is fixed on the lower buoy lower side in a rotating mode, a circular positioning groove is formed in the upper side of the buoy supporting plate, and the positioning roller rotates in the positioning groove. When flotation pontoon supporting disk axial support lower flotation pontoon, location gyro wheel carries out radial positioning to lower flotation pontoon with the constant head tank, prevents the radial swing of flotation pontoon down, improves lower flotation pontoon pivoted stability.

Preferably, a hose supporting arm is transversely fixed on the side face of the vertical pipe, a vertical supporting rib plate is further fixed on the vertical pipe, the supporting rib plate is fixedly supported on the lower side of the hose supporting arm, and the supporting rib plate is of a hollow sealing structure. The support rib plate supports the hose support arm and provides certain buoyancy.

The upper buoy and the lower buoy are axially arranged at intervals. Thus, the upper buoy and the lower buoy can also have a straight cylindrical structure, and the buoyancy of the buoy of the single point mooring system can not be obviously changed when tide and water rise and fall.

Preferably, the anchor chain fixing mechanism comprises three or more anchor chain cylinders, the anchor chain cylinders are axially fixed on the inner side of the fixing cylinder, and the upper ends of the anchor chain cylinders are located at the top of the fixing cylinder. The anchor chain penetrates into the fixed cylinder from the lower end of the anchor chain cylinder, and the upper end of the anchor chain is fixed at the top of the fixed cylinder and is positioned above the sea surface, so that the adjustment and the maintenance can be facilitated.

Preferably, the upper end of the fixed cylinder is provided with a rotatable horizontal lower deck, the lower deck is fixedly connected with the upper floating cylinder, and a winch and a chain stopper are fixed on the lower deck. The lower deck can provide great installation space, can make things convenient for the installation of anchor chain and the adjustment of the tension through winch and chain stopper, convenient operation.

Preferably, a horizontal upper deck is fixed on the upper side of the lower deck through a vertical column. The mechanism installed on the lower deck can be prevented from being drenched by rain through the upper deck, and a safe and reliable working space is provided.

Preferably, a horizontal rotating balance arm is fixed on the upper end face of the upper floating cylinder, and a sliding adjustable balancing weight is arranged on the rotating balance arm. Through adjusting the position of balancing weight on the rotation balance arm, adjust the equilibrium, simple structure, convenient operation.

Preferably, the rotating balance arm is horizontally and rotatably arranged on the upper buoy, and a rotating adjusting and fixing mechanism is arranged between the upper buoy and the rotating balance arm. The balance arm is rotated through horizontal rotation, the balance is further flexibly adjusted, a larger range can be adjusted, and the structure is simple.

Preferably, the upper buoy and the lower buoy are hollow and filled with waterproof materials, and the density of the waterproof materials is smaller than that of water. The weight is reduced, the buoyancy is improved, and the influence of the stormy waves on the buoy of the single-point mooring system is reduced.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the single point mooring system buoy has the following beneficial effects:

1. The upper buoy is big end up, the lower buoy is big end down, so that the buoy of the single-point mooring system forms a structure with two big ends and a small middle part, the fixed cylinder is fixed on the seabed through the anchor chain, the sea surface is positioned between the upper buoy and the lower buoy, the buoyancy change of the tide fluctuation to the buoy of the single-point mooring system is small, and the influence of the tide fluctuation on the stress of the anchor chain can be effectively relieved.

2. The upper buoy and the lower buoy can freely rotate relative to the fixed cylinder, the upper buoy automatically rotates to the direction with the minimum stress under the action of wind power, and the lower buoy automatically rotates to the direction with the minimum stress under the action of ocean current, so that the influence of the wind power and the ocean current on the buoy of the single-point mooring system is respectively reduced; the sections facing the wind and the waves are very small, so that the influence of the wind, the waves and the currents on the buoy can be greatly reduced, the wind and wave resistance is improved, and the buoy can survive in a severe environment; and the upper buoy and the lower buoy increase the reliability of the single point mooring system, and the buoy of the single point mooring system can not sink integrally even if the lower buoy fails.

3. The lower end of the floating cylinder is provided with a straight cylindrical vertical pipe, the length of the vertical pipe is equal to the maximum height difference of tide water fluctuation in the sea area, the tide water fluctuation does not obviously change the buoyancy of the floating cylinder of the single point mooring system, and the stability is further improved.

4. The anchor chain penetrates into the fixed cylinder from the lower end of the anchor chain cylinder, and the upper end of the anchor chain is fixed at the top of the fixed cylinder and is positioned above the sea surface, so that the adjustment and the maintenance can be facilitated.

5. Nimble adjustment equilibrium through adjusting the position of balancing weight on rotating balance arm, adjusts the equilibrium, rotates rotating balance arm through the level, and further nimble adjustment equilibrium can adjust bigger scope, simple structure, convenient operation.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of an embodiment 1 of the single point mooring system buoy.

Fig. 2 is a side view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken at a-a in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 2 at B.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the buoy in embodiment 2 of the single point mooring system.

Fig. 6 is a side view of fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view at C-C in fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the buoy of the single point mooring system in accordance with embodiment 3.

Wherein: the device comprises an upper deck 1, an upper deck 2, a lower deck 3, a mooring extension arm 4, an upper floating cylinder 401, a vertical pipe 5, a hose supporting arm 6, a supporting rib plate 7, a lower floating cylinder 8, a fixed cylinder 9, a hawse cylinder 10, a balancing weight 11, a rotary balance arm 12, an upright column 13, a winch 14, a bearing 15, a chain stopper 16, a rotary joint 17, a buoy supporting plate 18, a positioning groove 19 and a positioning roller.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described with reference to fig. 1-8, wherein embodiment 2 is a preferred embodiment of the single point mooring buoy.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-2, the buoy of the single point mooring system comprises a fixed cylinder 8, the fixed cylinder 8 is vertically arranged, three anchor chain cylinders 9 are uniformly and respectively arranged on the inner side of the fixed cylinder 8, the upper ends of the anchor chain cylinders 9 are positioned at the top of the fixed cylinder 8, a rotatable horizontal lower deck 2 is arranged at the upper end of the fixed cylinder 8, a winch 13 and a chain stopper 15 are fixed on the lower deck 2, the lower deck 2 can provide a large installation space, an anchor chain (not shown in the figure) penetrates through the lower ends of the anchor chain cylinders 9 to the lower deck 2 and is adjusted and fixed through the winch 13 and the chain stopper 15, the installation and the tension adjustment of the anchor chain can be facilitated through the winch 13 and the chain stopper 15 positioned above the sea surface, the operation is convenient, and the lower ends of the anchor chain are fixed with the sea bed, thereby anchoring the stationary cylinder 8 in the stationary sea area. A horizontal upper deck 1 is fixed on the upper side of the lower deck 2 through a vertical column 12. The mechanism installed on the lower deck 2 can be prevented from being drenched by rain through the upper deck 1, a safe and reliable working space is provided, a rotary joint 16 is fixed in the middle of the upper deck 1, a bearing 14 is arranged between the rotary joint 16 and the upper deck 1, and the bearing 14 is a tapered roller bearing.

The upper portion free rotation's of fixed drum 8 cover has an upper buoy 4, the lower part free rotation's of fixed drum 8 cover has a lower flotation pontoon 7, upper buoy 4 longitudinal section is big-end-up fan-shaped, lower flotation pontoon 7 longitudinal section is big-end-up fan-shaped, upper buoy 4 is big-end-up, and lower flotation pontoon 7 is big-end-up, make this single point mooring system flotation pontoon form the big little structure in the middle of the big end in both ends, fix fixed drum 8 on the seabed through the anchor chain, the sea is located between upper buoy 4 and lower flotation pontoon 7, the buoyancy change of this single point mooring system flotation pontoon that the tide fluctuation falls is little, can effectively alleviate the influence of tide fluctuation to the anchor chain atress. The lower deck 2 is fixedly connected with the upper floating barrel 4, the lower deck 2 rotates along with the upper floating barrel 4, the mooring extension arm 3 is fixed on the upper side of the upper floating barrel 4, and the oil tanker or FPSO is fixedly connected with the mooring extension arm 3. Preferably, the upper buoy 4 and the lower buoy 7 are hollow and filled with waterproof materials, the density of the waterproof materials is smaller than that of water, the weight of the buoy of the single-point mooring system can be effectively reduced, the buoyancy is improved, the influence of stormy waves on the buoy of the single-point mooring system is reduced, and the waterproof materials can be made of plastic foam.

The upper end face of the upper buoy 4 is fixed with a horizontal rotating balance arm 11, the rotating balance arm 11 is provided with a sliding adjustable balancing weight 10, the balance of the buoy of the single point mooring system is adjusted by adjusting the position of the balancing weight 10 on the rotating balance arm 11, the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, further, the rotating balance arm 11 is horizontally and rotatably arranged on the upper buoy 4, the upper side of the upper buoy 4 is provided with a round T-shaped groove, a T-shaped bolt is clamped in the T-shaped groove and is fixedly connected with the rotating balance arm 11 through a nut, after the rotating balance arm 11 is rotated to a proper angle, the rotating balance arm 11 is fixed through the T-shaped bolt and the T-shaped groove, the balance of the buoy of the single point mooring system is further flexibly adjusted, and a larger range can be adjusted, the structure is simple.

Referring to fig. 3, the cross sections of the upper buoy 4 and the lower buoy 7 are both oval, the upper buoy 4 and the lower buoy 7 can freely rotate relative to the fixed cylinder 8, the upper buoy 4 automatically rotates to the direction with the minimum stress under the action of wind force, and the lower buoy 7 automatically rotates to the direction with the minimum stress under the action of ocean current, so that the influence of the wind force and the ocean current on the buoy of the single-point mooring system is respectively reduced; the sections facing the wind and the waves are very small, so that the influence of the wind, the waves and the currents on the buoy can be greatly reduced, the wind and wave resistance is improved, and the buoy can survive in a severe environment; moreover, the upper buoy 4 and the lower buoy 7 increase the reliability of the single point mooring system, and even if the lower buoy 7 fails, the buoy of the single point mooring system cannot be sunk integrally.

Referring to fig. 4, a buoy supporting plate 17 is fixed on the lower side of the lower buoy 7 of the fixed cylinder 8, two concentric circular positioning grooves 18 are formed in the upper side of the buoy supporting plate 17, positioning rollers 19 are fixed on the lower side of the lower buoy 7, the positioning rollers 19 rotate in the positioning grooves 18, when the lower buoy 7 is axially supported by the buoy supporting plate 17, the lower buoy 7 is radially positioned by the positioning rollers 19 and the positioning grooves 18, the rotating stability of the lower buoy 7 is improved, and a thrust bearing is arranged between the upper buoy 4 and the lower buoy 7.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 5 to 7, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the upper buoy 4 has a straight cylindrical riser 401 at the lower end, the length of the riser is equal to the maximum difference in the tidal water fluctuation in the sea area, and the tidal water fluctuation does not significantly change the buoyancy of the single point mooring system buoy, thereby further improving the stability. A thrust bearing is arranged between the lower end of the vertical pipe 401 and the lower buoy 7, a hose supporting arm 5 is transversely fixed on the side surface of the vertical pipe 401, a vertical supporting rib plate 6 is further fixed on the vertical pipe 401, the supporting rib plate 6 is fixedly supported on the lower side of the hose supporting arm 5, and the supporting rib plate 6 is a hollow sealing structure. The support rib plate 6 provides certain buoyancy while supporting the hose support arm 5. The other structure is the same as that of embodiment 1.

Example 3

Referring to fig. 8, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the upper buoy 4 is axially spaced from the lower buoy 7. Thus, the upper buoy 4 and the lower buoy 7 may also have a straight cylindrical structure between them, so that the buoyancy of the buoy of the single point mooring system does not change significantly even when the tide rises and falls. The other structure is the same as that of embodiment 1.

The cross sections of the upper buoy 4 and the lower buoy 7 can also be rhombuses with wide middle and narrow ends.

The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

A single point mooring system buoy, characterized in that: including fixed drum (8), upper buoy (4), lower flotation pontoon (7) and mooring mechanism, the vertical setting of fixed drum (8), fixed drum (8) upper end is equipped with rotary joint (16), and upper buoy (4) free rotation's cover is on fixed drum (8) upper portion, and lower flotation pontoon (7) free rotation's cover is in the lower part of fixed drum (8), and fixed drum (8) bottom is equipped with anchor chain fixing mechanism, and upper buoy (4) longitudinal section is big-end-up fan-shaped, and lower flotation pontoon (7) longitudinal section is big-end-up fan-shaped, and mooring mechanism fixes on upper buoy (4) upside.
The single point mooring system buoy of claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the upper buoy (4) and the cross section of the lower buoy (7) are oval-shaped, the middle of each oval-shaped cross section is wide, the two ends of each oval-shaped cross section are narrow, the lower end of the upper buoy (4) is provided with a vertical pipe (401) in a straight cylinder shape, a thrust bearing is arranged between the lower end of the vertical pipe (401) and the lower buoy (7), and the lower end of the lower buoy (7) is axially supported on the fixed cylinder (8) through a rotary supporting mechanism.
The single point mooring system buoy of claim 2, wherein: rotatory supporting mechanism includes flotation pontoon supporting disk (17) and positioning roller (19), and flotation pontoon supporting disk (17) are fixed on fixed drum (8) of flotation pontoon (7) downside down, and positioning roller (19) rotate to be fixed at flotation pontoon (7) downside down, and flotation pontoon supporting disk (17) upside is equipped with circular shape constant head tank (18), and positioning roller (19) are at constant head tank (18) internal rotation.
The single point mooring system buoy of claim 1, wherein: the upper buoy (4) and the lower buoy (7) are axially arranged at intervals.
The single point mooring system buoy of claim 1, wherein: the anchor chain fixing mechanism comprises three or more anchor chain cylinders (9), the anchor chain cylinders (9) are axially fixed on the inner side of the fixing cylinder (8), and the upper ends of the anchor chain cylinders (9) are located at the top of the fixing cylinder (8).
The single point mooring system buoy of claim 5, wherein: the upper end of the fixed cylinder (8) is provided with a rotatable horizontal lower deck (2), the lower deck (2) is fixedly connected with the upper buoy (4), and the lower deck (2) is fixed with a winch (13) and a chain stopper (15).
The single point mooring system buoy of claim 6, wherein: the upper side of the lower deck (2) is fixed with a horizontal upper deck (1) through a vertical column (12).
The single point mooring system buoy of claim 1, wherein: a horizontal rotating balance arm (11) is fixed on the upper end face of the upper buoy (4), and a sliding adjustable balancing weight (10) is arranged on the rotating balance arm (11).
The single point mooring system buoy of claim 7, wherein: the rotary balance arm (11) is horizontally and rotatably arranged on the upper buoy (4), and a rotary adjusting and fixing mechanism is arranged between the upper buoy (4) and the rotary balance arm (11).
The single point mooring system buoy of claim 1, wherein: the upper buoy (4) and the lower buoy (7) are hollow and filled with waterproof materials, and the density of the waterproof materials is smaller than that of water.