CN114013584B - Deep sea wind power foundation based on buoyancy tower concept and single-point tension mooring - Google Patents
Deep sea wind power foundation based on buoyancy tower concept and single-point tension mooring Download PDFInfo
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- CN114013584B CN114013584B CN202111214479.5A CN202111214479A CN114013584B CN 114013584 B CN114013584 B CN 114013584B CN 202111214479 A CN202111214479 A CN 202111214479A CN 114013584 B CN114013584 B CN 114013584B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
Abstract
The invention relates to a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyancy tower concept and single-point tension mooring, which comprises an upper variable ballast tank and a lower variable ballast tank which float on the sea surface, wherein the upper variable ballast tank and the lower variable ballast tank are connected through a middle truss structure, a single-point mooring buoy is arranged in the upper variable ballast tank, and the single-point mooring buoy is connected with a mooring cable. According to the deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyant tower concept and single-point tension mooring, the single-point mooring system is combined with the buoyant tower, the mooring line is tightly attached to the seabed to provide restoring force and positioning performance in the horizontal direction, the safety and the reliability are greatly improved, and the potential stability risk caused by the fact that the suction cylinder at the bottom of the buoyant tower continuously moves relative to the rock-soil layer in the service period is eliminated; meanwhile, the buoyancy tower and the constant-diameter truss structure are adopted, so that the steel consumption and the manufacturing cost are reduced, the horizontal tensioning mooring mode is adopted, the length of a mooring line is greatly reduced, the cost of a mooring system is reduced, and the economy of the deep sea wind power foundation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ocean engineering, in particular to a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyancy tower concept and single-point tensioning mooring.
Background
In recent years, the transition from traditional energy to clean new energy is a historical trend in countries and society. The wind power generation mode has great large-scale development potential and commercial development prospect in the field of new energy, and is developed rapidly. With the continuous planning and development of offshore wind resources in China, the current utilization trend of offshore wind power gradually presents open sea and deep water, so that the floating wind power development technology becomes the future trend, which puts higher requirements on development cost, especially on cable, mooring, floating foundation and construction cost. The current mainstream design of floating wind power is divided into a column type, a semi-submersible type and a tension leg type, and the problem of cost cannot be well solved in the current situation of engineering application, so that a new type of basic design and mooring design is needed to effectively reduce the cost and solve the bottleneck restricting the deep and far sea development of offshore wind power.
The offshore wind farm is divided into a shallow-sea wind farm and a deep-sea wind farm according to the sea area. At present, offshore wind power developed globally is mostly located in shallow sea areas. With the rapid development of offshore wind power, offshore wind farms are developing into deep sea areas. In sea areas with water depths greater than 50m, the economy of conventional fixed foundations decreases significantly with increasing water depth, while floating foundations increasingly have competitive advantages. At present, the floating foundation of offshore wind power mainly has three structures: tension leg platform, single-upright platform and semi-submersible platform.
Mooring systems also play a very important role in floating ocean engineering. The mooring form is determined by a mooring line form and an anchoring form, the most prevailing mooring line forms in the current industry are a catenary form and a tension form, and the anchoring form is a grip anchor, a suction anchor and a pile anchor.
The restoring force of the catenary mooring line is mainly provided by the weight of the suspended section of the mooring line, and a grip anchor is generally selected because only horizontal force exists at the land sliding end of the mooring line; the tension type mooring line is in a tension state, the restoring force of the tension type mooring line is provided by elastic deformation generated by stretching the mooring line, and because the tension type mooring line has force in the vertical direction at the terminal of the mooring line, a suction anchor or a pile anchor is generally selected as an anchoring form; catenary and tension type marine platforms are mostly applied to semi-submersible and column type marine platforms, and mooring lines adopt anchor chains and polyester cables.
After the grabbing anchor is laid, the anchor wings can be embedded into the mud under the action of horizontal tension, and the anchor wings get deeper and deeper, so that greater resistance is provided for stopping horizontal movement. Meanwhile, the grip anchor can only bear horizontal force generally, and does not consider bearing vertical force or only considers bearing vertical force which is much smaller than the horizontal force. Therefore, when the use of the holding force anchor is determined, the subsequent design needs to ensure that the holding force anchor is not subjected to vertical tension.
The suction anchor is in the form of a hollow cylindrical structure with an open lower end and a closed upper end and a valve. Unlike a grip anchor, a suction anchor can withstand a certain vertical force, so its mooring line allows a certain degree of tension to occur, and the length is much shorter than that of a grip anchor. The suction anchor is vertically inserted into the seabed by self dead weight for a certain depth, then a water pump on the suction anchor pumps water, and the suction anchor is further pressed into soil by huge water pressure on the seabed to complete the installation of the suction anchor.
The pile anchor and the suction anchor are similar in appearance, but are hollow cylindrical structures with two open ends. In the installation, the installation of a general anchor pile needs a guide support and an underwater pile driving hammer as construction resources, the support maintains the direction and the position of the anchor pile, and the anchor pile is driven into the deep part of the rock soil by the pile driving hammer.
The single point mooring system is mainly used for the FPSO in the marine oil and gas industry, and is mainly characterized in that an underwater mooring line is connected to a buoy, the buoy and the FPSO are combined through a movable mechanism, the buoy is connected to an FPSO hull, and relative rotation motion can be generated between the buoy and the FPSO hull, so that the FPSO can rotate 360 degrees around a single point of the buoy according to different marine environments. Often, the inside of the buoy is provided with an anchor machine, which is used to tension the mooring lines appropriately to create a pretension and to secure them inside the buoy.
On the basis of the above basic platform design and mooring system types, various derivative designs have been developed in the engineering and academic circles of offshore wind power, among which there is a design of buoyancy tower suitable for deep water of 80-200 m. The floating body is mainly based on a column type platform, the bottom of the floating body is directly contacted with a seabed, meanwhile, the floating body abandons a full solid reinforced concrete structure, the middle part of the floating body adopts a large number of truss structures which are cylindrical and have no diameter change, the bottom still adopts a large-density structure such as steel or concrete to realize the integral lower gravity center so as to ensure stability, and meanwhile, the bottom also has a pressure loading space, so that the whole floating body can be in a floating state when the bottom is in no load, and can be in a vertical stable state when in a ballast state.
The traditional fixed type structure loses the economy more than 50 m-60 m, mainly because the structure is a reducing structure from top to bottom, the deeper the water depth is, the steel consumption is greatly increased, the volume is obviously increased, and the land construction, marine transportation and construction cost are increased violently. The core of the design lies in that the concept of a floating column is used for reference, a truss with no diameter is adopted in the middle of the floating column, the steel consumption and the construction, transportation and construction costs are controlled, a suction tube at the bottom forms a connection form similar to a hinge joint, the buoyancy of the whole floating body is smaller than the gravity, the stability is better, and therefore the floating body can be vertically kept sitting on the seabed to form a balance form similar to a tumbler. Because the middle truss is longer, the design can present certain flexibility and better conform to the rotation in the horizontal direction. The upper ballast tank provides a portion of the buoyancy that increases due to the increased displacement volume and provides a restoring moment when horizontal translation occurs due to the marine environment and wind loads.
Throughout the development of the whole floating wind power, the existing floating foundation and mooring design have the problems of high manufacturing cost, complex construction method and high cost. While the buoyant tower concept has a greater risk in terms of safety. The floating body is influenced by ocean and wind load during service, and the floating body continuously generates surging, swaying, pitching and swaying motions, and can continuously rotate at the outlet of the suction barrel, so that soil is soft and loses the capability of fixing the suction barrel, and finally the dislocation of the suction barrel and the drifting of the whole floating body platform can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a safer, more reliable and more economical deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyant tower concept and single-point tension mooring.
The deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyancy tower concept and the single-point tensioning mooring comprises an upper variable ballast tank floating on the sea surface and used for providing mechanism support for a tower of a wind power unit and a lower variable ballast tank penetrating into the sea water, wherein the upper variable ballast tank and the lower variable ballast tank are connected through a middle truss structure, a single-point mooring buoy is arranged in the upper variable ballast tank and connected with a mooring cable, and the mooring cable is connected with an anchor used for anchoring the seabed.
The invention relates to a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyancy tower concept and single-point tension mooring, wherein a seabed cable guide hole is formed in the side wall of a lower variable ballast tank, a mooring cable enters from the seabed cable guide hole, extends out from the upper center position of the lower variable ballast tank, penetrates through a middle truss structure from a central shaft direction, and is connected to a single-point mooring buoy in the upper variable ballast tank.
The invention relates to a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyancy tower concept and single-point tensioning mooring, wherein an anchor connected with a mooring cable is a gripping anchor, and a single-point system anchor machine is arranged in a single-point mooring buoy.
The invention relates to a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyancy tower concept and single-point tension mooring, wherein an upper variable ballast tank is cylindrical, and a lower variable ballast tank is hemispherical.
The invention relates to a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyancy tower concept and single-point tension mooring, wherein mooring cables extend out of a seabed cable guide hole and horizontally extend along a seabed.
The deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyancy tower concept and single-point tension mooring combines the single-point mooring system with the buoyancy tower, and the mooring line is tightly attached to the seabed to provide restoring force and positioning performance in the horizontal direction, so that the safety and reliability of the whole set of design are greatly improved, and the potential stability risk caused by the fact that the suction cylinder continuously moves relative to the rock-soil layer in the service period is eliminated; meanwhile, the buoyancy tower and the constant-diameter truss structure are adopted, so that the steel consumption and the manufacturing cost are reduced, the length of a mooring line is greatly reduced by adopting a special horizontal tensioning mooring mode, and the cost of a mooring system is reduced by adopting a synthetic fiber material and a holding power anchor, so that the economy of the deep sea wind power foundation is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a schematic structural diagram of a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyant tower concept and single point tension mooring of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of a schematic structural diagram of the deep sea wind power foundation based on the concept of a buoyancy tower and single point tension mooring of the invention.
1. The device comprises a tower barrel 2, an upper variable ballast tank 3, a single-point mooring buoy 4, a middle truss structure 5, a mooring cable 6, a lower variable ballast tank 7, a seabed cable guide hole 8 and a grabbing anchor.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyancy tower concept and single point tension mooring of the present invention includes an upper variable ballast tank 2 floating on the sea surface for providing a mechanism support for a tower 1 of a wind power generation unit, and a lower variable ballast tank 6 deep into the sea, wherein the upper variable ballast tank and the lower variable ballast tank are connected through a middle truss structure 4, a single point mooring buoy 3 is arranged inside the upper variable ballast tank, the single point mooring buoy is connected with a mooring line 5, and the mooring line is connected with an anchor for anchoring the seabed.
The invention relates to a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyant tower concept and single-point tension mooring, wherein a seabed cable guide hole 7 is formed in the side wall of a lower variable ballast tank 6, a mooring cable enters from the seabed cable guide hole 7, extends out from the upper center position of the lower variable ballast tank, penetrates through a middle truss structure from a center shaft direction, and is connected to a single-point mooring buoy in the upper variable ballast tank.
The invention relates to a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyancy tower concept and single-point tensioning mooring, wherein an anchor connected with a mooring cable is a holding power anchor 8, and a single-point system anchor machine is arranged in a single-point mooring buoy.
The invention relates to a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyancy tower concept and single-point tension mooring, wherein an upper variable ballast tank is cylindrical, and a lower variable ballast tank is hemispherical.
The invention relates to a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyancy tower concept and single-point tension mooring, wherein mooring cables extend out of a seabed cable guide hole and extend nearly horizontally along a seabed.
The deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyant tower concept and the single-point tension mooring combines the single-point mooring system with the buoyant tower, and the mooring line is tightly attached to the seabed to provide the restoring force and the positioning performance in the horizontal direction, so that the safety and the reliability of the whole set of design are greatly improved, and the potential stability risk caused by the continuous relative motion between the suction cylinder and the rock-soil layer in the service period is eliminated; meanwhile, the buoyancy tower and the equal-diameter truss structure are adopted, so that the steel consumption and the manufacturing cost are reduced, the length of a mooring line is greatly reduced by adopting a special horizontal tensioning mooring mode, the cost of a mooring system is reduced by adopting a synthetic fiber material and a holding anchor, and the economy of the deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyancy tower concept and single-point tensioning mooring is improved.
The invention discloses a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyant tower concept and single-point tension mooring, and relates to a semi-floating offshore wind power foundation platform combining the buoyant tower concept and the single-point mooring concept.
The upper variable ballast tank 2 is cylindrical, the upper part is adjustable ballast and contains a single-point system anchor machine.
The upper variable ballast tank 2 provides buoyancy and mechanical support for the wind turbine tower.
Mooring lines are arranged in the middle of the middle truss structure, enter from a submarine cable guide hole, axially penetrate through the truss part from the center of the cylinder, and are finally connected to the buoy in the cabin of the upper basic platform; the bottom is also a ballast tank with adjustable ballast and larger mass, and has a submarine fairlead corresponding to the upper single point mooring buoy, and the bottom ballast tank has enough strength.
The ballast tanks at the upper part and the bottom can realize horizontal self-floating when wet towing at sea by adjusting the ballast, can realize the platform independently positively floats, sits at the bottom and forms a restoring moment when being installed and operated, and the adjusted ballast ensures that the quality of the ballast tank at the bottom in a positively floating state is greatly larger than that of the ballast tank at the upper part, so that the center of gravity is greatly reduced, and stability is provided for the whole basic platform.
The mooring system adopts Dynemma materials widely applied to ocean oil and gas engineering as the materials of mooring lines and is matched with a low-cost and reliable gripping anchor. After the anchoring part is installed, a mooring line connected with the anchoring part enters the bottom ballast tank in parallel to the seabed, and penetrates through the middle truss structure to be connected and tensioned with the top single-point buoy after passing through the bottom ballast tank fairlead, so that stable positioning performance is provided for the bottom of the basic platform.
Compared with the prior art, the deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyancy tower concept and single-point tensioning mooring has the following technical characteristics:
1. the single point mooring system is adopted to increase the stability and the safety of the bottom, and the risk of failure of the bottom suction cylinder of the existing buoyancy tower is avoided;
2. the single-point mooring system is adopted and the mooring lines are arranged in a horizontal tensioning mode, so that the mooring lines are made of synthetic materials in a large quantity under certain conditions, meanwhile, the length of the mooring lines can be greatly reduced in the horizontal tensioning mode, the uplifting force of an anchoring part is eliminated, more gripping anchors are adopted, and the purchasing and construction cost is reduced;
3. the bottom of the foundation platform is not connected with seabed rock soil, so that the deflection change of the tower body is small in the response motion of the foundation platform in the deep sea area, and the requirement on the strength of the structure is lower;
4. the middle part of the foundation platform is largely provided with an equal-diameter truss structure, so that the steel consumption and the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.
The invention relates to a deep sea wind power foundation based on a buoyant tower concept and single-point tension mooring, which is a floating foundation platform combining an upper cabin of a buoyant tower and a single-point mooring buoy;
according to the deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyant tower concept and single-point tension mooring, the bottom suction cylinder of the buoyant tower is cancelled, and the bottom ballast cabin is modified to add the mooring system fairlead, so that the single-point mooring system is realized;
according to the deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyancy tower concept and the single-point tensioning mooring, the mooring line extends out of the cable guide hole of the bottom ballast tank and is enabled to extend parallel to the seabed and be connected with the anchoring part, the catenary line type is abandoned, the use of large wet weight materials such as anchor chains or steel cable types is avoided, the uplift force of the anchoring part of a mooring system is eliminated, the mooring can be widely applied to low-cost technical schemes such as a grip anchor and a Dyneemma cable, and the length of the mooring line is greatly reduced.
The deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyancy tower concept and single-point tension mooring provides a mooring line type in a horizontal tension static form, which is different from the traditional catenary line and a vertical tension line type.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a deep sea wind power basis based on buoyancy tower concept and single point tension mooring which characterized in that, is used for providing the variable ballast tank in upper portion that the mechanism supported and deepen the variable ballast tank in lower part in sea water for the tower section of thick bamboo of wind turbine generator system including floating in the sea, the variable ballast tank in upper portion passes through middle part truss structure with the variable ballast tank in lower part and is connected, and the variable ballast tank in upper portion sets up the single point mooring buoy, the single point mooring buoy is connected with the mooring line, and the mooring line is connected and is used for the anchor in anchor seabed.
2. The deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyant tower concept and the single point tension mooring of claim 1, wherein the sidewall of the lower variable ballast tank is provided with a subsea fairlead, and the mooring cable enters from the subsea fairlead and extends out from the upper center position of the lower variable ballast tank, and extends through the middle truss structure from the central axis to be connected to a single point mooring buoy in the upper variable ballast tank.
3. The deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyant tower concept and the single-point tension mooring of claim 2, wherein the anchor connected with the mooring line is a grip anchor, and a single-point system anchor machine is arranged inside the single-point mooring buoy.
4. The deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyant tower concept and the single point tension mooring of claim 3, wherein the upper variable ballast tank is cylindrical and the lower variable ballast tank is hemispherical.
5. The deep sea wind power foundation based on the buoyant tower concept and the single point tension mooring of claim 4, wherein the mooring cable extends horizontally along the seabed after penetrating through the submarine cable guide hole.
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| CN114855865B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2024-03-29 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tensioning type fan foundation anchored on rock-based seabed and arrangement method |
| CN115258046B (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2023-05-30 | 中国船舶科学研究中心 | Releasable guarantee platform applicable to hard seabed and mooring method |
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