CN105434962A - 一种治疗胸腰椎骨折的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗胸腰椎骨折的中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种治疗胸腰椎骨折的中药制剂及其制备方法,中药制剂中包括以下原料药材:水晶花、倒生莲、离根香、枸骨子、牛毛毡、杯苋、沙枣胶、山羊血、红毛蛇、金鱼藤、金丝藤、柘树果实、紫藤根、元宝槭、金丝木通、香茅、龙船花根和狗骨节。本发明的有益效果:本发明的有益效果:本发明胸腰椎骨折使用的中药制剂使用安全方便,治疗效果好,无毒副作用,制备工艺简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医药工程技术领域,尤其涉及一种治疗胸腰椎骨折的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
胸腰椎骨折是指由于外力造成胸腰椎骨质连续性的破坏。这是最常见的脊柱损伤。胸腰段脊柱的功能解剖特点有其特殊性,决定了该段椎体是骨折的好发部位。脊柱骨折的椎柱在复位固定后,椎柱高度虽然得到恢复,椎体内存在“空蛋壳”现象,空腔内仅为部分纤维连接,很难实现骨化而不会骨性愈合。在青壮年病人中,高能量损伤是其主要致伤因素,如车祸,高处坠落伤等。老年病人由于本身存在骨质疏松,致伤因素多为低暴力损伤,如滑倒、跌倒等。胸腰椎骨折病人常合并神经功能损伤,且由于致伤因素基本为高能损伤,常合并其它脏器损伤,这为治疗带来了极大的困难和挑战。
骨折病灶及手术损伤,会导致病灶周围神经受压迫,并使神经支配区肌肉血流量减少,新陈代谢减弱导致肌肉痉挛、萎缩,神经根等。由于血液循环减少,新陈代谢减弱,加之神经根的炎性反产生的某些化学因子,这些都会影响患者的功能恢复,遗留慢性疼痛等问题。作为一种严重的人体损伤,胸腰椎骨折在临床上,早期完全复位是脊柱损伤的首要原则,采用过伸法复位能够稳定脊椎损伤情况,胸腰椎骨折后解决的根本问题在于重建脊柱力线,恢复椎管容量。在中医学中,马尾神经、脊髓损伤属于督脉损伤的范畴。督脉是阳经之会,督伤络阻可能导致一系列的全身症状甚至是下肢瘫痪。临床上,除了按照一般性骨折予以分期治疗外,还应该结合不同阶段舌脉之象、全身症状来辨证用药。《素问·刺论》有云:“人有所堕坠,恶血留内,腹中胀满,不得前后,先饮利药”,这表明在损伤发生之后会有一些瘀血滞留于脏腑之间。依照“留者攻之”的治疗原则,应该着力疏通督脉、破瘀通腑,以实现去瘀血、生新血、顺腑气、通经络、改善全身血液循环及损伤部位微循环的治疗效果。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,利用我国传统的中医理论,提供一种疗效确切且毒性作用小的治疗胸腰椎骨折的中药制剂及其制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种治疗胸腰椎骨折的中药制剂,所述中药制剂包括以下原料药材:水晶花、倒生莲、离根香、枸骨子、牛毛毡、杯苋、沙枣胶、山羊血、红毛蛇、金鱼藤、金丝藤、柘树果实、紫藤根、元宝槭、金丝木通、香茅、龙船花根和狗骨节。
所述中药制剂中的各种原料药材的重量份数比可以优选为:水晶花10~20份、倒生莲15~25份、离根香10~30份、枸骨子20~35份、牛毛毡20~30份、杯苋10~20份、沙枣胶20~35份、山羊血10~30份、红毛蛇15~30份、金鱼藤10~20份、金丝藤15~25份、柘树果实10~25份、紫藤根20~30份、元宝槭25~35份、金丝木通10~20份、香茅30~40份、龙船花根20~30份和狗骨节20~35份。
所述中药制剂中的各种原料药材的重量份数比还可以进一步优选为:水晶花15~20份、倒生莲20~25份、离根香15~25份、枸骨子30~35份、牛毛毡25~30份、杯苋10~15份、沙枣胶20~25份、山羊血15~20份、红毛蛇20~25份、金鱼藤10~15份、金丝藤20~25份、柘树果实10~15份、紫藤根25~30份、元宝槭30~35份、金丝木通15~20份、香茅30~35份、龙船花根25~30份和狗骨节20~25份。
所述中药制剂中的各种原料药材的重量份数比也可以进一步优选为:水晶花16份、倒生莲25份、离根香17份、枸骨子35份、牛毛毡26份、杯苋15份、沙枣胶22份、山羊血19份、红毛蛇22份、金鱼藤15份、金丝藤21份、柘树果实14份、紫藤根26份、元宝槭34份、金丝木通16份、香茅35份、龙船花根29份和狗骨节22份。
当所述中药制剂的剂型为颗粒剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5~6倍的醇浓度为80%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流4~6小时,过滤,以回流液为溶剂,以滤渣为溶质,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.08Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.05~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
当所述中药制剂的剂型为胶囊剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将水晶花、倒生莲、离根香、枸骨子、牛毛毡和杯苋按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶3~6,搅拌75分钟~90分钟,温度30℃~50℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.15~1.17的清膏;
第二步,将沙枣胶、山羊血、红毛蛇、金鱼藤、金丝藤、柘树果实和紫藤根按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物6~8倍量醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇回流提取3~5次,每次2~3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.22的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物8~10倍量水,煮沸6~8小时,过滤,浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.28~1.30的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,60℃~70℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,加入5~8重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、10~50重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入150~200重量份醇浓度为80%~90%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,加入3~5重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
本发明的有益效果:本发明胸腰椎骨折使用的中药制剂使用安全方便,治疗效果好,无毒副作用,制备工艺简单。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种治疗胸腰椎骨折的中药制剂,中药制剂中包括以下原料药材:水晶花、倒生莲、离根香、枸骨子、牛毛毡、杯苋、沙枣胶、山羊血、红毛蛇、金鱼藤、金丝藤、柘树果实、紫藤根、元宝槭、金丝木通、香茅、龙船花根和狗骨节。
各种原料药材的药理如下:
水晶花:【别名】黑细辛、四大天王、土细辛、四大金刚、四块瓦、平头细辛、红线草、对叶四块瓦、四叶对。【来源】药材基源:为金粟兰科植物全缘金粟兰的根或全草。【性味】微苦;涩;性温。【归经】肝;肺经。【功能主治】祛风除湿;散瘀消肿;止痛。主风湿痹痛;风寒感冒;跌打损伤;瘰疬;疮疖肿痛。【各家论述】《广西中草药》:驱风镇痛,活血散瘀,消肿解毒。治风湿性关节炎,急性肠胃炎,菌痢,咳嗽,跌打肿痛,疮疖肿毒。【摘录】《中华本草》
倒生莲:【别名】倒水莲、花老鼠、尾生根、石上凤尾草、金鸡尾、盘龙莲、仙人架桥、定草根、刷把草、青丝还阳、姜公久鱼。【来源】药材基源:为铁角蕨科植物长生铁角蕨的的全草或叶。【性味】辛;苦;平;凉。【归经】肺;肝;肾经。【功能主治】清热除湿;化瘀止血。主吐血;咳嗽痰多;风湿痹痛;肠炎痢疾;尿路感染;乳腺炎;外伤出血;跌打损伤;烧烫伤。【各家论述】1.《草木便方》:散风,消湿,行瘀滞,利血脉,通关节。治吐、衄血,跌打,胸胀,腰痛。2.《天宝本草》:强筋壮骨。疗跌打损伤,筋骨疼痛。3.《湖南药物志》:消炎,消肿,活血。【摘录】《中华本草》《中药大辞典》
离根香:【别名】肉桂草、美柱草、美花草、利根香、山苘蒿、根风藤。【来源】药材基源:为草海桐科植物离根的全草。【性味】味辛;性温温。【功能主治】祛风散寒;行气活血;解蛇毒。主风寒痹痛;胃痛;腹痛;跌打损伤;毒蛇咬伤。【摘录】《中华本草》
枸骨子:【来源】药材基源:为冬青科植物枸骨的果实。【性味】苦;涩;微温。【归经】肝;肾经。【功能主治】补肝肾;强筋活络;固涩下焦。主休虚低热;筋骨疼痛;崩漏;带下;泄泻。【各家论述】《本经逢原》:活血散瘀,坚强筋骨,填补髓脏,固敛精血。【摘录】《中华本草》
牛毛毡:【来源】药材基源:为莎草科植物牛毛毡的全草。【性味】味辛;性温。【归经】肺经。【功能主治】发散风寒;祛痰平喘;活血散瘀。主风寒感冒;支气管炎;跌打伤痛。【摘录】《中华本草》
杯苋:【别名】蛇见怕、镜面草、蛇惊慌、细叶蛇总管、拔子弹草、小马鞭草、细样倒扣草。【来源】药材基源:为苋科植物杯苋的地上部分。【性味】苦;性凉。【功能主治】清热解毒;活血散瘀。主痈疮肿毒;毒蛇咬伤;跌打瘀肿。【摘录】《中华本草》
沙枣胶:【来源】药材基源:为胡颓子科植物沙枣的茎枝渗出的胶汁。采收和储藏:将茎枝渗出的汁液,取下晒干备用。【性味】味涩;微苦;性平。【归经】肾经。【功能主治】接骨续筋;活血止痛。主骨折。【摘录】《中华本草》
山羊血:【别名】原动物青羊又名:野羊、山羊、斑羚。【来源】药材基源:为牛科动物青羊、北山羊及盘羊的的血。采收和储藏:取鲜山羊血盛在平底器思皿中晒干,节成小块或将血灌入羊肠内,用绳扎成3-4cm长的小节,晒干后取出。【性味】味咸;甘;性温。【归经】心;肝经。【功能主治】活血散瘀,止痛接骨。主跌打损伤;骨折;筋骨疼痛;吐血;衄血;呕血;咯血;便血;尿血;崩漏下血;月经不调;难产;痈肿疮疖。【各家论述】1.《本草汇言》:能活血、散血,如跌扑内损,血胀垂绝,或内伤藏腑筋骨膜络,外损血脉破裂,皮肉色变,气将绝者,用一、二厘,温酒调化,灌入喉中。2.《药性考》:疗跌扑损伤,咯、吐、呕、衄、便溺诸血,能止血消瘀。【摘录】《中华本草》
红毛蛇:【来源】药材基源:为骨碎补科植物阴石蕨的根茎。【性味】甘;淡;平。【功能主治】活血止血;清热利湿;续筋接骨。主风湿痹痛;腰肌劳损;跌打损伤;牙痛;吐血;便血;尿路感染;白带;痈疮肿痛。【摘录】《中华本草》
金鱼藤:【别名】豆瓣鹿衔、鸡嘴鹿衔、金碎叶、石串莲、底绿通经、棚梗。【来源】药材基源:为水龙骨科植物肉质伏石蕨的全草。【性味】微苦;辛;凉。【功能主治】清热止咳;活血散瘀;解毒消肿。主小儿发热;肺热咳嗽;淋巴结核;风湿痹痛;骨折;中耳炎;毒蛇咬伤。【摘录】《中华本草》
金丝藤:【来源】药材基源:为木犀科植物樟叶素馨的根或叶。【性味】苦;性凉。【功能主治】清热解毒;接骨疗伤。主咽喉肿痛;热毒疮疡;骨折;外伤出血。【摘录】《中华本草》
柘树果实:【别名】佳子、山荔枝、水荔枝、野荔枝、野梅子。【来源】药材基源:为桑科植物柘树的果实。【性味】苦;性平。【功能主治】清热凉血;舒筋活络。主跌打损伤。【摘录】《中华本草》
紫藤根:【来源】为豆科植物紫藤的根。【性味】甘;温。【归经】肝;肾;心经。【功能主治】祛风除湿;舒筋活络。主痛风;痹症。【各家论述】《浙江民间草药》:治筋络风气,补心。【摘录】《中华本草》
元宝槭:【别名】槭、五角枫、元宝树。【来源】药材基源:为槭树科植物元宝槭的根皮。【性味】辛;微苦;微温。【功能主治】祛风除湿;舒筋活络。主腰背疼痛。【摘录】《中华本草》
金丝木通:【别名】野木通、金毛木通、铁脚威灵、山棉花。【来源】药材基源:为毛茛科植物金毛铁线的藤茎或根。【性味】味甘;淡;性平。【归经】归肝;肾;膀胱经。【功能主治】清热利水;活血通经;祛风除湿。主小便不利;水肿;湿热淋证;风湿痹痛;跌打损伤;风火上炎;眼赤疼痛;闭经;疥癞。【摘录】《中华本草》
香茅:【别名】茅香、香麻、大风茅、柠檬茅、茅草茶、姜巴茅、姜草、香巴茅、香茅草、风茅草。【来源】药材基源:为禾本科植物香茅的全草。【性味】辛;温;甘。【功能主治】祛风通络;温中止痛;止泻。主感冒头身疼痛;风寒湿痹;脘腹冷痛;泄泻;跌打损伤。【各家论述】1.《岭南采药录》:散跌打伤瘀血,通经络。头风痛,以之煎水洗。将香茅与米同炒,加水煎饮,止水泻。煎水洗身,可祛风消肿,解腥臭。提取其油,可止腹痛。2.《陆川本草》:发表退热,消肿止痛。主治风湿骨痛,跌打损伤,感冒身热。【摘录】《中华本草》
龙船花根:【别名】红缨花树根、山丹根、州空军、土红花根。【来源】药材基源:为双子叶植物药茜草科植物龙船花的根。【性味】苦;微涩;凉。【归经】肺;胃经。【功能主治】清热凉血;活血止痛。主咳嗽;咯血;风湿关节痛;胃痛;妇女闭经;疮疡肿痛;跌打损伤。【各家论述】广州空军《常用中草药手册》:行气止痛,活血通络。治咳血,胃痛,疮疡,跌打外伤,风湿肿痛,妇女经闭。【摘录】《中华本草》
狗骨节:【来源】药材基源:为荨麻科植物绿赤车的全草。采收和储藏:夏、秋季来收,洗净,鲜用或晒干。【性味】辛;苦;性温。【功能主治】祛风除湿;通络止痛。主风湿痹痛。【摘录】《中华本草》
所述中药制剂中的各种原料药材的重量份数比可以优选为:水晶花10~20份、倒生莲15~25份、离根香10~30份、枸骨子20~35份、牛毛毡20~30份、杯苋10~20份、沙枣胶20~35份、山羊血10~30份、红毛蛇15~30份、金鱼藤10~20份、金丝藤15~25份、柘树果实10~25份、紫藤根20~30份、元宝槭25~35份、金丝木通10~20份、香茅30~40份、龙船花根20~30份和狗骨节20~35份。
所述中药制剂中的各种原料药材的重量份数比还可以进一步优选为:水晶花15~20份、倒生莲20~25份、离根香15~25份、枸骨子30~35份、牛毛毡25~30份、杯苋10~15份、沙枣胶20~25份、山羊血15~20份、红毛蛇20~25份、金鱼藤10~15份、金丝藤20~25份、柘树果实10~15份、紫藤根25~30份、元宝槭30~35份、金丝木通15~20份、香茅30~35份、龙船花根25~30份和狗骨节20~25份。
所述中药制剂中的各种原料药材的重量份数比也可以进一步优选为:水晶花16份、倒生莲25份、离根香17份、枸骨子35份、牛毛毡26份、杯苋15份、沙枣胶22份、山羊血19份、红毛蛇22份、金鱼藤15份、金丝藤21份、柘树果实14份、紫藤根26份、元宝槭34份、金丝木通16份、香茅35份、龙船花根29份和狗骨节22份。
当所述中药制剂的剂型为颗粒剂,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5~6倍的醇浓度为80%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流4~6小时,过滤,以回流液为溶剂,以滤渣为溶质,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.08Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.05~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
当所述中药制剂的剂型为胶囊剂,其包括以下步骤:
第一步,将水晶花、倒生莲、离根香、枸骨子、牛毛毡和杯苋按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶3~6,搅拌75分钟~90分钟,温度30℃~50℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.15~1.17的清膏;
第二步,将沙枣胶、山羊血、红毛蛇、金鱼藤、金丝藤、柘树果实和紫藤根按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物6~8倍量醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇回流提取3~5次,每次2~3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.22的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物8~10倍量水,煮沸6~8小时,过滤,浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.28~1.30的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,60℃~70℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,加入5~8重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、10~50重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入150~200重量份醇浓度为80%~90%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,加入3~5重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
以下采用实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
实施例1:本发明制备的颗粒剂
取水晶花160g、倒生莲250g、离根香170g、枸骨子350g、牛毛毡260g、杯苋150g、沙枣胶220g、山羊血190g、红毛蛇220g、金鱼藤150g、金丝藤210g、柘树果实140g、紫藤根260g、元宝槭340g、金丝木通160g、香茅350g、龙船花根290g和狗骨节220g。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5倍的醇浓度为85%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流5小时,过滤,以回流液为溶剂,以滤渣为溶质,采用渗漉法以每分钟2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.08Mpa下减压浓缩至55℃时相对密度为1.05的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度165℃、出风温度85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.3倍的蔗糖粉和0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于45℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
实施例2:本发明制备的胶囊剂
取水晶花200g、倒生莲220g、离根香230g、枸骨子310g、牛毛毡290g、杯苋120g、沙枣胶250g、山羊血160g、红毛蛇250g、金鱼藤120g、金丝藤250g、柘树果实120g、紫藤根290g、元宝槭310g、金丝木通200g、香茅320g、龙船花根260g和狗骨节250g。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将水晶花、倒生莲、离根香、枸骨子、牛毛毡和杯苋按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶4,搅拌80分钟,温度40℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.16的清膏;
第二步,将沙枣胶、山羊血、红毛蛇、金鱼藤、金丝藤、柘树果实和紫藤根按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物6倍量醇浓度为85%的乙醇回流提取4次,每次3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物9倍量水,煮沸8小时,过滤,浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.28的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,65℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,加入6重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、30重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入160重量份醇浓度为85%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,加入4重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
毒性实验:
急性毒性实验:应用小鼠60只,雌雄各半,体重20-36g,进行急性毒性试验。小鼠随机分为两组,即对照组和给药组,实验前禁食12小时,将本发明的实施例1制备的中药颗粒剂溶解在水中,(浓度为8.67g生药/ml,最高浓度)灌胃,灌胃容积为5ml/kg(即单次给药剂量为43.35生药/kg),对照组给予等量生理盐水,一天给药2次,给药间隔时间6小时,给药后连续观察14天,并记录小鼠的的毒性反应及死亡数。实验结果表明:与对照组比较,给药后小鼠未见明显差异,实验连续观察14天,小鼠全身状况、饮食、饮水、体重增长均正常。小鼠口服灌胃本发明的颗粒剂LD50>43.35生药/kg,每日最大给药量为86.7生药/kg/日。本发明的中药临床用药量为8.53g生药/日/人,成人体重以60KG计,平均用药剂量为0.142g生药/kg/日。按体重计:小鼠(平均体重以28g计)口服灌胃本发明的中药的耐受量为临床用量的611倍。因此本发明的中药急性毒性极低,临床用药安全。
长期毒性实验:本发明中药实施例1颗粒剂对三组小鼠(每组20只)按13.27、25.43和42.35g生药/kg连续用药15周(1.0ml/100g体重,每天2次)及停药3周后,结果表明:本发明中药对小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药15周及停药3周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明本发明中药对小鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
临床资料:
病例选择:所有180例病例均来源于本院门诊及住院的胸腰椎骨折患者,所有患者均进行胸腰段正侧位片及CT检查并确诊,随机分为治疗组与对照组,其中,治疗组90例,男53例,女37例,年龄18~53岁;致伤原因:坠落伤42例,车祸伤37例,压砸伤11例;按照Denis分类骨折类型:爆裂型46例,压缩型32例,骨折脱位12例。对照组90例,男52例,女38例,年龄18~55岁;致伤原因:坠落伤42例,车祸伤36例,压砸伤12例;按照Denis分类骨折类型:爆裂型45例,压缩型33例,骨折脱位12例。治疗组与对照组在性别、年龄、病因和临床症状上无明显差异(P≤0.01),具有可比性。
诊断标准:参照《中医病症诊断疗效标准》:1、有明确外伤史。2、局部肿痛,压痛,畸形,功能障碍,严重者可合并脊髓损伤。3、体征:X线正、侧、斜位摄片检查可明确骨折部位及类型。
临床表现为:损伤的局部表现:外伤后局部剧烈的疼痛,伴有损伤部位的压痛。神经损害的表现:伤后躯干以及双下肢感觉麻木,无力,或者刀割样疼痛,大小便功能障碍(无法自行排便或者二便失禁),严重者可以双下肢感觉运动完全消失。合并损伤的表现:腹痛,呼吸困难,休克,意识丧失等。
治疗方法:
对照组:应用西医传统手术治疗,采用后路减压、椎弓根骨固定。俯卧于可调式脊柱手术架上,以损伤脊椎为中心取后正中入路,显露包括伤椎上下各一节段的脊柱棘突、椎板、小关节及横突,在伤椎上下椎节两侧确定椎弓根钻孔进针点,用T形手锥钻孔,深度3.5~5cm,经克氏针钝头插入孔道探查证实孔道周壁及前方均未穿透骨质后,置入相应长度的椎弓根螺钉,去除伤椎棘突、全椎板,视减压情况需要,再去除上下脊椎的部分椎板,探查椎管,有交锁者须去除下一脊椎的上关节突,必要时切开硬脊膜行脊椎探查。台下调整脊柱手术架拱度,行腋下及足中踝部对抗牵引,术者在椎弓根钉尾部上好复位杆,先试行复位后探查椎管前壁是否还存在未复位骨块明显突入椎管,有则用L型骨凿将突起骨块向前锤入椎体或“潜挖式”刮除后“塌方”复位,充分解除椎管前后方压迫后装置Steffee钢板、AF螺杆或DEFS钢板,施行复位并旋紧螺帽固定,用冰盐水冲洗椎管后并关闭切口,密闭引流48h。术后平卧,常规使用抗生素消炎预防感染等,4周后根据愈合情况可佩戴腰具夹具下床活动。
治疗组:在对照组传统治疗的基础上,治疗组患者同时口服本发明中药实施例1颗粒剂,每次20g,每天3次;30天为一个疗程,三个疗程后统计治疗结果。
疗效判断标准:临床治愈:压缩椎体大部分恢复正常形态,骨折愈合,胸腰部无不适,截瘫消失,功能完全或基本恢复。好转:骨折愈合,胸腰痛基本消失,胸腰段外观及椎体形态较治疗前改善,截瘫好转。未愈:局部疼痛,局部畸形无改变,截瘫无改善,功能障碍。
治疗结果:两组分别治疗3个疗程后,统计结果参见表1和表2。
表1两组分别治疗3个疗程后临床疗效比较(单位:例)
从表1可以看出,治疗组采用本发明的中药,配合西医传统方法治疗胸腰椎骨折,相对于对照组,在治疗效果上,具有显著的改进。
表2两组治疗后临床治愈人数和治愈率分段比较(单位:例/%)
组别 | 例数 | 用药1个月 | 用药2个月 | 用药3个月 |
治疗组 | 64 | 17(18.9%) | 39(43.3%) | 64(71.1%) |
对照组 | 32 | 10(11.1%) | 25(27.78%) | 42(46.7%) |
从表2可以看出,治疗组采用本发明的中药,配合西医治疗胸腰椎骨折,相对于对照组,不仅疗效更好,见效也更快。
具体病例:陈某,男,51岁,自诉因从高处坠落受伤,外伤后局部剧烈的疼痛,伴有损伤部位的压痛,伤后患处间歇性麻木、无力,疼痛难忍,经临床症状及X线等辅助检查确诊为胸腰椎骨折。在对照组西医传统手术治疗基础上,同时口服发明实施例1的颗粒剂,每次20g,每日3次,用药2个月,压缩椎体大部分恢复正常形态,骨折愈合,胸腰部无不适,截瘫消失,功能完全恢复,临床治愈。
所有上述的首要实施这一知识产权,并没有设定限制其他形式的实施这种新产品或新方法。本领域技术人员将利用这一重要信息,上述内容修改,以实现类似的执行情况。但是,所有修改或改造基于本发明新产品属于保留的权利。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗胸腰椎骨折的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂包括以下原料药材:水晶花、倒生莲、离根香、枸骨子、牛毛毡、杯苋、沙枣胶、山羊血、红毛蛇、金鱼藤、金丝藤、柘树果实、紫藤根、元宝槭、金丝木通、香茅、龙船花根和狗骨节。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述原料药材的重量份数比为:水晶花10~20份、倒生莲15~25份、离根香10~30份、枸骨子20~35份、牛毛毡20~30份、杯苋10~20份、沙枣胶20~35份、山羊血10~30份、红毛蛇15~30份、金鱼藤10~20份、金丝藤15~25份、柘树果实10~25份、紫藤根20~30份、元宝槭25~35份、金丝木通10~20份、香茅30~40份、龙船花根20~30份和狗骨节20~35份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述原料药材的重量份数比为:水晶花15~20份、倒生莲20~25份、离根香15~25份、枸骨子30~35份、牛毛毡25~30份、杯苋10~15份、沙枣胶20~25份、山羊血15~20份、红毛蛇20~25份、金鱼藤10~15份、金丝藤20~25份、柘树果实10~15份、紫藤根25~30份、元宝槭30~35份、金丝木通15~20份、香茅30~35份、龙船花根25~30份和狗骨节20~25份。
4.如权利要求1至3所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述原料药材的重量份数比为:水晶花16份、倒生莲25份、离根香17份、枸骨子35份、牛毛毡26份、杯苋15份、沙枣胶22份、山羊血19份、红毛蛇22份、金鱼藤15份、金丝藤21份、柘树果实14份、紫藤根26份、元宝槭34份、金丝木通16份、香茅35份、龙船花根29份和狗骨节22份。
5.如权利要求1至4所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为颗粒剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5~6倍的醇浓度为80%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流4~6小时,过滤,以回流液为溶剂,以滤渣为溶质,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.08Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.05~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
6.如权利要求1至4所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为胶囊剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将水晶花、倒生莲、离根香、枸骨子、牛毛毡和杯苋按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶3~6,搅拌75分钟~90分钟,温度30℃~50℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.15~1.17的清膏;
第二步,将沙枣胶、山羊血、红毛蛇、金鱼藤、金丝藤、柘树果实和紫藤根按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物6~8倍量醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇回流提取3~5次,每次2~3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.22的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物8~10倍量水,煮沸6~8小时,过滤,浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.28~1.30的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,60℃~70℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,加入5~8重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、10~50重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入150~200重量份醇浓度为80%~90%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,加入3~5重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
7.一种权利要求1至4所述的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为颗粒剂,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5~6倍的醇浓度为80%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流4~6小时,过滤,以回流液为溶剂,以滤渣为溶质,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.08Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.05~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
8.一种权利要求1至4所述的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为胶囊剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将水晶花、倒生莲、离根香、枸骨子、牛毛毡和杯苋按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶3~6,搅拌75分钟~90分钟,温度30℃~50℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.15~1.17的清膏;
第二步,将沙枣胶、山羊血、红毛蛇、金鱼藤、金丝藤、柘树果实和紫藤根按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物6~8倍量醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇回流提取3~5次,每次2~3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.22的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物8~10倍量水,煮沸6~8小时,过滤,浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.28~1.30的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,60℃~70℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,加入5~8重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、10~50重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入150~200重量份醇浓度为80%~90%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,加入3~5重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
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