CN105432278A - Chloranthus flower planting method - Google Patents
Chloranthus flower planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105432278A CN105432278A CN201510661292.8A CN201510661292A CN105432278A CN 105432278 A CN105432278 A CN 105432278A CN 201510661292 A CN201510661292 A CN 201510661292A CN 105432278 A CN105432278 A CN 105432278A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a chloranthus flower planting method. The method comprises the steps of: greenhouse installation, planting groove fabrication, cutting strip preparation, cutting, watering, flower hanging, disease and pest prevention and fresh flower picking. According to the chloranthus flower planting method is simple and labor-saving, plant types are accordant and normative, the land utilization rate is high, the field management efficiency is high, the efficiency is increased by more than 3 times compared with that of a conventional planting mode, the yield of flowers is improved by over 50% on the basis of a same management area, and the quality of flowers is superior to that in the conventional cultivation mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chu lan flower implantation methods, belong to field of agricultural cultivation.
Background technology
Chu lan flower fragrance is graceful, refreshing, is the important source material of basement tea making leaf, with Jasmine, white michelia, sour orange claim four of China large famous camellias.Chloranthus tea is that fresh chu lan flower is the aroma type tea of spices basement with green tea such as Huizhou City baking, Mao Feng for tea embryo.Because its profile bar rope is stout and strong together even, the dark green smoothness of color and luster, spends dry to prune into piece, just like a string pearl; The quiet and tastefully laid out height of the clear virtue of endoplasm fragrance is long, and soup look yellowish green is bright, flavour alcohol and tasty and refreshing, light green even bright at the bottom of leaf, spray bunchiness.Have promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, arousing brain, raising spirit, the effect such as aid digestion, fat-reducing.Both there is the elegant fragrance of Zhulan tree fresh flower, the lasting storage tolerance of the fragrance of a flower, have both again Mount Huang green tea glycol tea flavour and the ground such as North China, Beijing-Tianjin of China of being in great demand and Shandong, Jiangsu Zhu Sheng.Once because pure blue fragrance is deeply by the welcome of consumers in general.In addition, Zhulan tree use is a lot, and its flower both can extract the spices such as Zhulan tree essential oil and lixiviate resenoid of chloranthus, was again fabulous aromatic raw material.Its stem, leaf, root all can be used as medicine, the fragrance of flowers is strong for Zhulan tree, delicate fragrance, alcohol and, durable, quite like orchid, can using fresh herb or dry in the shade for subsequent use.Its stem, leaf, the root four seasons can adopt, the many using fresh herbs of leaf, and stem root can be cleaned section and dry for subsequent use.Chu lan flower is pungent, sweet, micro-puckery, warm; Zhulan tree leaf, stem are pungent, warm; Chulan tree root is pungent, bitter, poisonous.The equal tool wines used as antirheumatic of flower, stem, leaf, connect effect of muscles and bones, broken long-pending, expelling parasite, pain relieving, hemostasis, can traumatic injury, epilepsy etc. be controlled.Chulan tree root can separate furunculosis poison.
The delicate chilly of Zhulan tree natural disposition, the environment of the warm dim humidity of property happiness, avoids strong illumination, therefore only in Fujian, Guangdong one is with outdoor cultivation, and in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi one is with and needs potted plant indoor to pass the winter, lucifuge of need sheltering from heat or light summer.Shexian County is the main product ground of Zhulan tree plantation, and be also the invention ground utilizing Zhulan tree scenting tea the earliest, Zhulan tree, chloranthus tea are important component parts of emblem business's economy.Although in the chloranthus tea period of great prosperity, there is plantation in Jiangsu, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, but it is superior that quality is but Shexian County chu lan flower, therefore under the baptism of market economy, the peasant household of other local plantation chu lan flower disappeares substantially, has Shexian County only and also has certain recoverable amount.Because new agricultural climate condition for corn strength runs off, add that traditional planting models is wasted time and energy, make the peasant household of this ground plantation chu lan flower fewer and feweri, less than the recoverable amount of 1/10th of the period of great prosperity, all add up also with regard to alms bowl more than 2,000.
Although 70, have relevant speciality personage the eighties to deliver article about chu lan flower implantation methods; as She County, anhuio tea processing factory is published in " Shexian County chu lan flower culture technique " on the 2nd phase Tea Science bulletin in 1975 etc.; also there is the content relating to this respect in Baidu library; but be all record based on the implantation methods under traditional planting models; from to scale, the angle of modernization and Tourism Ecological sightseeing future development has been not suitable for.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned deficiency, the object of the invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of chu lan flower of applicable large-scale planting.
The solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of chu lan flower implantation methods, comprises following steps:
One, constructing booth
A, greenhouse facility: this greenhouse facility is that on the basis by fully understanding chu lan flower habit, designed, designed is processed, its structure is Continuous building type structure, material selection hot-galvanized steel tube material, every horizontal span is 5.4 meters, longitudinal intercolumniation is 4 meters, summer can shelter from heat or light by covered with sunshade net, can cover the insulation of inside and outside bilayer film winter; Surrounding can start easily encloses film and gives ventilated; This greenhouse facility is also configured with atomisation facility and waters drainage facility, ensures humidity and the air humidity of soil.
B, planting groove make: this planting groove inner width 60cm, high 50cm, with the honeycombed cement brick masonry in 12 holes, be divided into the compartment of 1 meter by sunlight board, and the plantation of each lattice is equivalent to the chu lan flower of peasant household's tradition planting method one alms bowl size; Bottom paving is using the rubble of 1cm particle diameter as drainage layer, and thickness is at about 5cm; Every lattice fill up special planting soil;
Two, nursery
A, skewer bar prepare: combined before annual August 15 and beat seedling, and choose the healthy and strong plant without damage by disease and insect as cutting, be cut into the cutting that 15-20cm is long, every root cutting reserves 2-4 sheet leaf, and by often the specification of 100 being tied, watering moisturizing is for subsequent use;
B, cuttage: first by greenhouse facility top and two-layer with respectively covering inside and outside the shade net of 75% around, then the planting soil in planting groove being excavated the kind plant hole that bore is about 20-30cm, during cutting is buried by 30 degree of oblique cuttings along edge, cave, filling up by reality with soil in centre; Soil is pressed real by the periphery hand then along cutting, does not interspace to guarantee every root cutting fully to contact soil; The cutting sheared the same day was inserted the same day, had inserted for 12 that are no more than second day at the latest;
C, to water: cutting is plugged waters permeable in time afterwards, evenly sprays to guarantee that soil evenly soaks into the gondola water faucet about 60 orders; Be watered 15-25kg spraying with the every 30g of root-inducing powder or fill with root, spraying weekly once, continuous 3-4 time, the mode continuous spraying simultaneously using powder of carbendazim same with root-inducing powder 3-4 time; Keep ground moistening later, if when meeting continuous sunny high temperature, in the morning 10 point, open spray painting thirty in the afternoon 3 about and to spray water respectively 3-5 minute, with cooling moisture-retaining, promote root growth; Maintenance like this, survives for about about 40 days;
Three, maintenance management
A, maintenance management: the seedling after surviving enters normal maintenance, lift one deck sunshade net to increase intensity of illumination depending on weather light conditions; Soil conservation is moistening, to spray water; Before and after annual early November, use thicker long-lived Anti-fogging Film to be covered by booth skin, retain 75% shade net inside during covering, surrounding, without sunshade net, only need be enclosed enclosing film; When weather is sombre, all will all close in the evening; Sunny daytime need in 9 of the morning before and after will enclose film and raise in order to ventilated; Late November, use film to be covered by the internal layer of booth, about when equally needing the morning 9 of fair weather with skin, raise that to enclose film ventilative, airtight At All Other Times; If endocardial wall steam becomes to drip, need to overlay layer of non-woven fabric on the crossbeam of booth; Winter keeps ground moistening, keeps seedbed clean, has fallen leaves cleaning in time; Until can successively lift inner membrance adventitia before and after clear and bright, execute paulownia cake fertilizer once, every lattice execute 6-8 two fertilizer at every turn; Once, overstocked branch, weak branch are cut off by early August in fertilising mid-June, and fertilising mid-August once;
B, hang flower: annual October-November is for hanging the florescence, mao bamboon is adopted to be whittled into the bamboo cane of thick fingers, along planting groove by every lattice 4, insert soil by 70 degree, degree of depth 30-40cm, upper height is as the criterion with the longest plant of chu lan flower then, mao bamboon bar is taken a circle by " mouth " word box form to be fixed on 4 root posts, First Year takes one deck at most, and the annual growth along with plant later upwards adds again, and every one deck " mouth " word frame spacing is at about 30-40cm; After putting up " mouth " word frame, with monofilament, chu lan flower branch is lifted along " mouth " word edge edge, require that every root branch lines up a plane, not crisscross;
C, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the main chemical prevention and control method that adopts is prevented and treated;
The prevention and controls of leaf spot, leaf mold adopts bactericidal liquid to spray weekly 1 time, continuous 2-3 time; The prevention and controls of white rot, anthracnose is use 40% Flusilazole 8000-10000 times of every 7-10 of liquid even spraying days 1 time, continuous 2-3 time;
The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of coccid hangs seedling in time, and dredge and remove the unnecessary withe in bottom and Lao Ye, make it ventilated, if find that indivedual branch or blade have, available soft brush brushes gently, or cuts off worm branch in conjunction with pruning, and worm branch requires to focus on destruction.If any large area generation insect pest, spray decis 3000 times of liquid sprayings of 40% flolimat, 1000 times of liquid or 2.5% in time at nymph; 1 time weekly, continuous 2-3 time;
The prevention and controls of two spotted spider mite, the 1000 times of liquid of the Dicofol emulsion with 20% or 15% pyridaben missible oil 2250-3000 times of liquid even spraying, every 7-10 days 1 time, continuous 2-3 time;
The prevention and controls of noctuid, leaf roller is: use 5% Affirm (Merck Co.) water dispersible granules, 3000 times of liquid even spraying, 1 time weekly, continuous 2-3 time;
Zhulan tree leaf nematodosis, belongs to aphelenchoides, cause harm blade and axillalry bud, and invade from pore, infected plant leaf all comes off and only deposits polished rod; Prevention and controls is: to put prevention first, the strict examination when selecting kind of bar, adopts the healthy plant without this insect pest, first used 3% carbofuran granule, killed line and lead to granule and evenly mix soil before cuttage or plantation; If found on a small quantity, the plant that will be injured all destroys, and basin soil changes process; Planting groove uses the 5% line missible oil that goes out evenly to spray process; If when occurring comparatively serious, except the sick leaf of cleaning prevents diffusion in time, all spray and root irrigation with the line missible oil 1500-2500 times liquid that goes out;
The prevention and controls of Zhulan tree Liriomyza: when finding just to occur harm, the control of spray medicine, the omethoate emulsifiable solution 1000-2000 times liquid of pesticide recovery 40% sprays 2-3 time continuously.
Four, fresh flower is plucked:
A, plucking time: rising from mid-April to mid-August is the fresh flower picking period.
B, fresh flower pluck main points: can pluck when after when Zhulan tree, the flowers are in blossom, its pattern transfers yellow green to; During harvesting, pluck one by one in order, by flower, from end of the branch, the soft quick gesture of short tender stalk picks; Note when picking flowers beating easily and put down gently, choose ripe and full yellow green flower and pluck, must not leak and adopt, also early must not adopt or adopt late, otherwise the quality of impact flower; The fresh flower adopted is contained into colored square-bottomed bamboo basket, covers one deck and to wet cloth, carry out flanging or turk process in 2 hours, then carries out stand flower, the colored program of basement.
Further, the planting soil paddy soils in step one, numb mushroom sand, peat, perlite, tea ash mix with the ratio of 5:3.6:1.2:0.1:0.1.
Further, in described step 3, bactericidal liquid adopts carbendazol wettable powder 800 times of liquid of 50% or thiophanate-methyl wetting powder 1000 times of liquid of 80%.
The present invention plants chu lan flower; method is simple, and save labour, plant type is neat; specification; land utilization rate is high, and field management efficiency is high, and comparatively traditional planting models efficiency improves more than 3 times; the basis of managing area on an equal basis makes the output increased more than 50% of flower; and the quality of flower is better than traditional cultivation pattern, be more conducive to advancing chu lan flower plant husbandry to scale, modernization and Ecological agrotourism sightseeing future development.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the impact of different substrates on plant bud;
Fig. 2 is the impact on plant germination power under same environment different substrates condition.
Embodiment
A kind of chu lan flower implantation methods, comprises following steps:
1. constructing booth
1.1 greenhouse facility: this greenhouse facility is that on the basis by fully understanding chu lan flower habit, designed, designed is processed, its structure is Continuous building type structure, material selection hot-galvanized steel tube material, every horizontal span is 5.4 meters, longitudinal intercolumniation is 4 meters, summer can shelter from heat or light by covered with sunshade net, can cover the insulation of inside and outside bilayer film winter.Surrounding can start easily encloses film and gives ventilated.This greenhouse facility is also configured with atomisation facility and waters drainage facility, ensures humidity and the air humidity of soil.
1.2 planting grooves make: this planting groove inner width 60cm, high 50cm, with 12 honeycombed cement brick masonries, be divided into the compartment of 1 meter by sunlight board, and the plantation of each lattice is equivalent to the chu lan flower of peasant household's tradition planting method one alms bowl size.Bottom paving is using the rubble of 1cm particle diameter as drainage layer, and thickness is at about 5cm.Every lattice fill up special planting soil.Planting soil paddy soils, numb mushroom sand, mixed-matrix (peat, perlite, tea ash) mix with the ratio of 5:3:2.
2. nursery
2.1 skewer bars prepare: before annual August 15, combination is beaten seedling and chosen the healthy and strong plant without damage by disease and insect as cutting, and be cut into the cutting that 15-20cm is long, every root cutting reserves 2-4 sheet leaf, and by often the specification of 100 being tied, watering moisturizing is for subsequent use.
2.2 cuttages: first by greenhouse facility top and two-layer with respectively covering inside and outside the shade net of 75% around, then the planting soil in planting groove is excavated the kind plant hole that bore is about 20-30cm, during cutting is buried along edge, cave by 30 degree of oblique cuttings, fill up by reality with soil in centre, soil is pressed real by the periphery hand then along cutting, does not interspace to guarantee every root cutting fully to contact soil.The cutting preferably sheared the same day was inserted the same day, had inserted for 12 that are no more than second at the latest.
2.3 water: cutting is plugged waters permeable in time afterwards, evenly sprays to guarantee that soil evenly soaks into the gondola water faucet about 60 orders.Be watered 15-25kg spraying with the every 30g of root-inducing powder or fill with root, spraying weekly once, continuous 3-4 time, the mode continuous spraying simultaneously using powder of carbendazim same with root-inducing powder 3-4 time.Keep ground moistening later, if when meeting continuous sunny high temperature, in the morning 10 point, open spray painting thirty in the afternoon 3 about and to spray water respectively 3-5 minute, with cooling moisture-retaining, promote root growth.Maintenance like this, survives for about about 40 days.
3. maintenance management
3.1 maintenance managements: the seedling after surviving enters normal maintenance, lift one deck sunshade net to increase intensity of illumination depending on weather light conditions.Soil conservation is moistening, to spray water.Use thicker long-lived Anti-fogging Film to be covered by booth skin around early November every year, retain 75% shade net inside during covering, surrounding, without sunshade net, only need be enclosed film and enclose and get well just.All to all close when the evening of weather sombrely or all every day, sunny daytime need in 9 of the morning before and after will enclose film and raise in order to ventilated.Late November uses film to be covered by the internal layer of booth, with outer equally need the morning 9 of fair weather time about raise that to enclose film ventilative, airtight At All Other Times, if endocardial wall steam becomes droplet, need to overlay layer of non-woven fabric on the crossbeam of booth.Winter keeps ground moistening, keeps seedbed clean, has fallen leaves cleaning in time.Until can successively lift inner membrance adventitia before and after clear and bright, execute paulownia cake fertilizer once, every lattice execute 6-8 two fertilizer at every turn.Once, now can add some composite fertilizers in right amount, overstocked branch, weak branch are cut off by early August in fertilising mid-June, and fertilising mid-August once.
3.2 hang flower: annual October-November is for hanging the florescence, mao bamboon is adopted to be whittled into the bamboo cane of thick fingers, soil is entered by every lattice 4 by about 70 degree oblique cuttings along planting groove, degree of depth 30-40cm, upper height is as the criterion with the longest plant of chu lan flower then, and mao bamboon bar is taken a circle by " mouth " word box form and is fixed on 4 root posts, First Year takes one deck at most, the annual growth along with plant later upwards adds again, and every one deck " mouth " word frame spacing is at about 30-40cm.After putting up " mouth " word frame, with monofilament, chu lan flower branch is lifted along " mouth " word edge edge, require that every root branch lines up a plane, not crisscross, avoid disorderly and unsystematic.
3.3 extermination of disease and insect pest: chu lan flower natural disposition is delicate, be easy to get damage by disease and insect.Its pest species is also more.Main employing chemical prevention and control method control: the prevention and controls of leaf spot, leaf mold is that carbendazol wettable powder 800 times of liquid of employing 50% or thiophanate-methyl wetting powder 1000 times of liquid of 80% spray weekly 1 time, continuous 2-3 time.The prevention and controls of white rot, anthracnose is use 40% Flusilazole 8000-10000 times of every 7-10 of liquid even spraying days 1 time, continuous 2-3 time.The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of coccid hangs seedling in time, and dredge and remove the unnecessary withe in bottom and Lao Ye, make it ventilated, if find that indivedual branch or blade have, available soft brush brushes gently, or cuts off worm branch in conjunction with pruning, and worm branch requires to focus on destruction.If any large area generation insect pest, preferably spray decis 3000 times of liquid sprayings of 40% flolimat, 1000 times of liquid or 2.5% in time at nymph.1 time weekly, continuous 2-3 time.The prevention and controls of two spotted spider mite, the 1000 times of liquid of the Dicofol emulsion with 20% or 15% pyridaben missible oil 2250-3000 times of liquid even spraying, every 7-10 days 1 time, continuous 2-3 time.The prevention and controls of noctuid, leaf roller is: use 5% Affirm (Merck Co.) water dispersible granules, 3000 times of liquid even spraying, 1 time weekly, continuous 2-3 time.Zhulan tree leaf nematodosis, belongs to aphelenchoides, and local flower-grower is called " fallen leaves ghost ", and cause harm blade and axillalry bud, invade from pore, infected plant leaf all comes off and only deposits polished rod.Prevention and controls is: to put prevention first, the strict examination when selecting kind of bar, adopts the healthy plant without this insect pest, first used 3% carbofuran granule, killed line and lead to granule and evenly mix soil before cuttage or plantation.If found on a small quantity, the plant that will be injured all destroys, and basin soil changes process.Planting groove uses the 5% line missible oil that goes out evenly to spray process.If when occurring comparatively serious, except the sick leaf of cleaning prevents diffusion in time, all spray and root irrigation with the line missible oil 1500-2500 times liquid that goes out.The prevention and controls of Zhulan tree Liriomyza: when finding just to occur harm, the control of spray medicine, the omethoate emulsifiable solution 1000-2000 times liquid of pesticide recovery 40% sprays 2-3 time continuously.
4, fresh flower is plucked:
4.1, plucking time: rising from mid-April to mid-August is the fresh flower picking period.
4.2, fresh flower plucks main points: can pluck when after when Zhulan tree, the flowers are in blossom, its pattern transfers yellow green to; During harvesting, pluck one by one in order, by flower, from end of the branch, the soft quick gesture of short tender stalk picks; Note when picking flowers beating easily and put down gently, choose ripe and full yellow green flower and pluck, must not leak and adopt, also early must not adopt or adopt late, otherwise the quality of impact flower; The fresh flower adopted is contained into colored square-bottomed bamboo basket, covers one deck and to wet cloth, carry out flanging or turk process in 2 hours, then carries out stand flower, the colored program of basement.
Planting soil of the present invention selects paddy soils, numb mushroom sand, peat, perlite, tea ash to mix with the ratio of 5:3.6:1.2:0.1:0.1.
For the effect that above-mentioned planting soil is planted chu lan flower, in conjunction with following description of test.
One, test material:
Select Shexian County chu lan flower vegetable material, adopt its branch cutting, growing and cultivation.Experiment uses equipment to have tape measure, thermometer, illuminometer, soil measuring moisture meter, notebook, four kinds of different soil matrixes etc.
Table 1 chu lan flower cultivation matrix proportioning table
Two, selected and observation item experimental field
1, experimental field selected
Select representative, robust growth without the plant of damage by disease and insect.Have four kinds of matrix loams in sample plot respectively, by it, numbering matrix one is P1 to each matrix respectively, matrix two is P2, matrix three is P3, matrix four is P4.Phenological Observation experiment needs on often kind of substrate bases, select 3 points again, and to its numbering, as matrix one has p1-1, p1-2, p1-3, matrix two p2-1, p2-2, p2-3; Matrix three p3-1, p3-2, p3-3; Matrix four p4-1, p4-2, p4-3 altogether 12 test sites observe plant phenology.With the reconnaissance of three under matrix set up south, in, north.Last averaging, makes its experimental result more accurate.
2, observation item
Amblent air temperature is observed having and is comprised temperature, soil acidity or alkalinity, light conditions, atmospheric humidity; Plant phenology observation has bud, plant height, internode number etc.
The observed and recorded time in three stages, early 8:00, noon 13:00, afternoon 17:00.The research observation period at twice.Be in November, 2014 be for the first time that chu lan flower just transplants the stage, add the poor growth of plant in winter own, Phenological change to plant growth, random observation, the envirment factors such as record environmental temperature, illumination, humidity; Part II is on May 7,16 days to 2015 March in 2015, every day entry envirment factor, the Phenological change of temperature, humidity, observation plant, the time of per phenophase observation, should determine according to different times.Along with the progress of growth, observing interval can be grown, and observes once every 3-5 days.Can 7 days or observe more over a long time once to Later growth.Thesis submission time restriction, follow-uply also can observe again.
Observation data material needs sorting-out in statistics, inserts form, provides experiment purpose a reference value.
Observation to flower bud growth under same environment different substrates condition
As can be seen from Table 2, under different matrix growth conditions, its number of flowers is different.The observational study rule of short-term, adds up in Table 3-the percentage that each test site number of flowers accounts for total plant number separately.Fig. 1, analysis graph visual representation bud rate of rise, is represented by Fig. 1, under each substrate culture condition, slope is larger, be exactly the growth rate of bud faster.
Computing formula: newly-increased number of flowers/total plant number * 100%=each matrix bud percentage.
Table 4 shows, and under different matrix growth conditions, total strain number is in increase, and plant sprouting is equally in growth; Reflect from table 5, Fig. 2 again, the increased number of the plant under different substrates condition differs, and under matrix P2 condition, germination rate is maximum, compares other substrate cultures, under matrix p2 condition plant to send out sprouting rate ability stronger.
Computing formula: germination rate percentage under newly-increased plant number/total each matrix of plant number * 100%=
Analyze above-mentioned data and can show that plant flower bud growth is more under matrix p2 condition, and the rudiment quantity of plant sprouting is also maximum, so matrix two compares other matrix will be more suitable for plant growth.
Table 2: the flower bud growth record case of each test matrix reconnaissance
| Matrix the time | 3.17 before | 3.17-3.23 | 3.24-3.30 | 3.31-4.6 | 4.7-4.13 | 4.14-4.20 | 4.21-4.27 | 4.28-5.4 | Total strain number |
| p1-1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 15 | 50 |
| p1-2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 19 | 60 |
| p1-3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 15 | 19 | 53 |
| p2-1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 16 | 16 | 36 |
| p2-2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 38 |
| p2-3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 34 |
| p3-1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 44 |
| p3-2 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 45 |
| p3-3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 43 |
| p4-1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 53 |
| p4-2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 49 |
| p4-3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 46 |
Table 3: the number of flowers of each matrix reconnaissance accounts for the percentage of the total plant number of each point
| Matrix the time | 3.17 before | 3.17-3.23 | 3.24-3.30 | 3.31-4.6 | 4.7-4.13 | 4.14-4.20 | 4.21-4.27 | 4.28-5.4 | Total strain number |
| p1-1 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 50 |
| p1-2 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 60 |
| p1-3 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.36 | 53 |
| p2-1 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 36 |
| p2-2 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.39 | 38 |
| p2-3 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 34 |
| p3-1 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.34 | 44 6 --> |
| p3-2 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 45 |
| p3-3 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.35 | 43 |
| p4-1 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.28 | 53 |
| p4-2 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.31 | 49 |
| p4-3 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 46 |
Table 4: the change of total plant in different substrates planting groove
| Matrix the time | 3.17 before | 3.21 | 3.28 | 4.7 | 4.13 | 4.21 | 4.28 | 5.4 |
| p1-1 | 47 | 50 | 51 | 55 | 60 | 68 | 71 | 75 |
| p1-2 | 56 | 60 | 61 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 70 | 73 |
| p1-3 | 49 | 53 | 55 | 57 | 59 | 62 | 68 | 69 |
| p2-1 | 34 | 36 | 37 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 42 | 44 |
| p2-2 | 35 | 38 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 43 |
| p2-3 | 31 | 34 | 36 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 |
| p3-1 | 40 | 44 | 48 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 56 | 59 |
| p3-2 | 41 | 45 | 46 | 49 | 52 | 53 | 57 | 58 |
| p3-3 | 39 | 43 | 51 | 52 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 |
| p4-1 | 50 | 53 | 54 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 |
| p4-2 | 46 | 49 | 54 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 62 | 64 |
| p4-3 | 42 | 46 | 53 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 65 | 73 |
Table 5: to plant new rudiment power size data under different substrates condition
| Matrix | Germination rate |
| p1 | 0.49 |
| p2 | 1.26 |
| p3 | 0.88 |
| p4 | 0.64 |
By comparative trial, can draw:
At matrix 2(loess 5: under cultivation condition husky 3.6: peat 1.2: tea ash 0.1: perlite 0.1), rudiment number and the number of buddingging of chu lan flower are relatively many, compare the cultivation being beneficial to chu lan flower.
Although give detailed description and explanation to the specific embodiment of the present invention above; but what should indicate is; we can carry out various equivalence according to conception of the present invention to above-mentioned embodiment and change and amendment; its function produced do not exceed that specification contains yet spiritual time, all should within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a chu lan flower implantation methods, is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
One, constructing booth
A, greenhouse facility: this greenhouse facility is that on the basis by fully understanding chu lan flower habit, designed, designed is processed, its structure is Continuous building type structure, material selection hot-galvanized steel tube material, every horizontal span is 5.4 meters, longitudinal intercolumniation is 4 meters, summer can shelter from heat or light by covered with sunshade net, can cover the insulation of inside and outside bilayer film winter; Surrounding can start easily encloses film and gives ventilated; This greenhouse facility is also configured with atomisation facility and waters drainage facility, ensures humidity and the air humidity of soil;
B, planting groove make: this planting groove inner width 60cm, high 50cm, with the honeycombed cement brick masonry in 12 holes, be divided into the compartment of 1 meter by sunlight board, and the plantation of each lattice is equivalent to the chu lan flower of peasant household's tradition planting method one alms bowl size; Bottom paving is using the rubble of 1cm particle diameter as drainage layer, and thickness is at about 5cm; Every lattice fill up special planting soil;
Two, nursery
A, skewer bar prepare: combined before annual August 15 and beat seedling, and choose the healthy and strong plant without damage by disease and insect as cutting, be cut into the cutting that 15-20cm is long, every root cutting reserves 2-4 sheet leaf, and by often the specification of 100 being tied, watering moisturizing is for subsequent use;
B, cuttage: first by greenhouse facility top and two-layer with respectively covering inside and outside the shade net of 75% around, then the planting soil in planting groove being excavated the kind plant hole that bore is about 20-30cm, during cutting is buried by 30 degree of oblique cuttings along edge, cave, filling up by reality with soil in centre; Soil is pressed real by the periphery hand then along cutting, does not interspace to guarantee every root cutting fully to contact soil; The cutting sheared the same day was inserted the same day, had inserted for 12 that are no more than second day at the latest;
C, to water: cutting is plugged waters permeable in time afterwards, evenly sprays to guarantee that soil evenly soaks into the gondola water faucet about 60 orders; Be watered 15-25kg spraying with the every 30g of root-inducing powder or fill with root, spraying weekly once, continuous 3-4 time, the mode continuous spraying simultaneously using powder of carbendazim same with root-inducing powder 3-4 time; Keep ground moistening later, if when meeting continuous sunny high temperature, in the morning 10 point, open spray painting thirty in the afternoon 3 about and to spray water respectively 3-5 minute, with cooling moisture-retaining, promote root growth; Maintenance like this, survives for about about 40 days;
Three, maintenance management
A, maintenance management: the seedling after surviving enters normal maintenance, lift one deck sunshade net to increase intensity of illumination depending on weather light conditions; Soil conservation is moistening, to spray water; Before and after annual early November, use thicker long-lived Anti-fogging Film to be covered by booth skin, retain 75% shade net inside during covering, surrounding, without sunshade net, only need be enclosed enclosing film; When weather is sombre, all will all close in the evening; Sunny daytime need in 9 of the morning before and after will enclose film and raise in order to ventilated; Late November, use film to be covered by the internal layer of booth, about when equally needing the morning 9 of fair weather with skin, raise that to enclose film ventilative, airtight At All Other Times; If endocardial wall steam becomes to drip, need to overlay layer of non-woven fabric on the crossbeam of booth; Winter keeps ground moistening, keeps seedbed clean, has fallen leaves cleaning in time; Until can successively lift inner membrance adventitia before and after clear and bright, execute paulownia cake fertilizer once, every lattice execute 6-8 two fertilizer at every turn; Once, overstocked branch, weak branch are cut off by early August in fertilising mid-June, and fertilising mid-August once;
B, hang flower: annual October-November is for hanging the florescence, mao bamboon is adopted to be whittled into the bamboo cane of thick fingers, along planting groove by every lattice 4, insert soil by 70 degree, degree of depth 30-40cm, upper height is as the criterion with the longest plant of chu lan flower then, mao bamboon bar is taken a circle by " mouth " word box form to be fixed on 4 root posts, First Year takes one deck at most, and the annual growth along with plant later upwards adds again, and every one deck " mouth " word frame spacing is at about 30-40cm; After putting up " mouth " word frame, with monofilament, chu lan flower branch is lifted along " mouth " word edge edge, require that every root branch lines up a plane, not crisscross;
C, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the main chemical prevention and control method that adopts is prevented and treated;
The prevention and controls of leaf spot, leaf mold adopts bactericidal liquid to spray weekly 1 time, continuous 2-3 time; The prevention and controls of white rot, anthracnose is use 40% Flusilazole 8000-10000 times of every 7-10 of liquid even spraying days 1 time, continuous 2-3 time;
The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of coccid hangs seedling in time, and dredge and remove the unnecessary withe in bottom and Lao Ye, make it ventilated, if find that indivedual branch or blade have, available soft brush brushes gently, or cuts off worm branch in conjunction with pruning, and worm branch requires to focus on destruction;
If any large area generation insect pest, spray decis 3000 times of liquid sprayings of 40% flolimat, 1000 times of liquid or 2.5% in time at nymph; 1 time weekly, continuous 2-3 time;
The prevention and controls of two spotted spider mite, the 1000 times of liquid of the Dicofol emulsion with 20% or 15% pyridaben missible oil 2250-3000 times of liquid even spraying, every 7-10 days 1 time, continuous 2-3 time;
The prevention and controls of noctuid, leaf roller is: use 5% Affirm (Merck Co.) water dispersible granules, 3000 times of liquid even spraying, 1 time weekly, continuous 2-3 time;
Zhulan tree leaf nematodosis, belongs to aphelenchoides, cause harm blade and axillalry bud, and invade from pore, infected plant leaf all comes off and only deposits polished rod; Prevention and controls is: to put prevention first, the strict examination when selecting kind of bar, adopts the healthy plant without this insect pest, first used 3% carbofuran granule, killed line and lead to granule and evenly mix soil before cuttage or plantation; If found on a small quantity, the plant that will be injured all destroys, and basin soil changes process; Planting groove uses the 5% line missible oil that goes out evenly to spray process; If when occurring comparatively serious, except the sick leaf of cleaning prevents diffusion in time, all spray and root irrigation with the line missible oil 1500-2500 times liquid that goes out;
The prevention and controls of Zhulan tree Liriomyza: when finding just to occur harm, the control of spray medicine, the omethoate emulsifiable solution 1000-2000 times liquid of pesticide recovery 40% sprays 2-3 time continuously;
Four, fresh flower is plucked:
A, plucking time: rising from mid-April to mid-August is the fresh flower picking period;
B, fresh flower pluck main points: can pluck when after when Zhulan tree, the flowers are in blossom, its pattern transfers yellow green to; During harvesting, pluck one by one in order, by flower, from end of the branch, the soft quick gesture of short tender stalk picks; Note when picking flowers beating easily and put down gently, choose ripe and full yellow green flower and pluck, must not leak and adopt, also early must not adopt or adopt late, otherwise the quality of impact flower; The fresh flower adopted is contained into colored square-bottomed bamboo basket, covers one deck and to wet cloth, carry out flanging or turk process in 2 hours, then carries out stand flower, the colored program of basement.
2. a kind of chu lan flower implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the planting soil paddy soils in described step one, numb mushroom sand, peat, perlite, tea ash mix with the ratio of 5:3.6:1.2:0.1:0.1.
3. a kind of chu lan flower implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 3, bactericidal liquid adopts carbendazol wettable powder 800 times of liquid of 50% or thiophanate-methyl wetting powder 1000 times of liquid of 80%.
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