CN105417620A - 一种利用太阳光降解染料废水的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用太阳光降解染料废水的方法:将乙酰丙酮加入含有染料的水中或者实际鞣革染料废水中,投加后水样中乙酰丙酮的浓度为0.25-1.5mM。将含有乙酰丙酮的染料废水置于太阳光下,光照约3-4个小时即可实现水中染料的完全脱色。本发明建立的Solar/乙酰丙酮体系,可直接利用太阳光迅速地将水中的染料完全脱色,无需额外能量供给,大大降低了运行成本。光照后的乙酰丙酮生成小分子酸,可作为微生物的有效碳源,广泛应用于染料废水脱色处理或是微生物处理工艺的预处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水处理领域,特别是一种利用太阳光降解处理染料废水的方法。
背景技术
工业中使用较多的染料主要为偶氮、蒽醌、三芳甲烷类等,其中偶氮染料占到70%以上。染料废水的排放会对环境造成负面影响,亟需高效率、低能耗的去除技术的开发与应用。
以UV/TiO2、UV/H2O2为代表的光化学氧化技术由于操作简便、降解速率快、产生二次污染少等优点,在染料废水处理中来得到了广泛关注。但多数光反应技术目前仍在实验室研究阶段,所采用的光源多为人造光源,如低压汞灯和中压汞灯。人造光源的使用使得这些光氧化技术的能耗、成本大大提高,特别是中压汞灯,大量的电能以热能的形式消耗而浪费,较高的能耗一定程度上限制了光氧化技术在实际中推广应用。
太阳光是一种取之不尽的免费资源,若将太阳光作为光氧化反应的光源则会很大程度上降低成本。专利CN103990447A公开了一种具有太阳光催化活性的钛酸铋催化剂,专利CN102826635B公开了一种利用太阳能驱动的光电催化降解有机污染物耦合制氢的装置及工艺,都尝试使用太阳能做能量来源降解污染物。但钛酸铋等属于非均相光催化剂,后续的固液分离等操作使得工序较为复杂。相比于非均相催化剂,均相光活化剂未见使用太阳光为其光源的主要的原因在于:达到地球表面的太阳光紫外区所占比例较少(6%),上述光活化剂摩尔吸光系数较小(双氧水在254nm处为20M-1cm-1),且其吸收光谱和太阳光发射光谱重叠较少,对染料的去除效果远弱于人造光源。因此,由实验室紫外灯光源转换到室外太阳光作为光源,存在较大的困难。
专利CN102491450B公开了一种基于乙酰丙酮(2,4-戊二酮,AA)的紫外光氧化处理染料废水的方法,该方法为非自由基机制,即通过AA和染料吸收光子,形成AA-染料激基复合物,进行直接电子和能量转移,使得对染料的脱色效率数倍于UV/H2O2和UV/TiO2等方法。但目前AA的应用仍局限于实验室模拟光源,实验室所使用的紫外线灯为多谱非连续光,而太阳光为连续光谱,以太阳光为直接光源进行光氧化降解染料废水尚未见报道。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供了一种利用太阳光降解染料废水的方法,能够有效利用太阳光,对不同种类(偶氮、蒽醌、三芳甲烷类)的染料溶液和实际废水都有突出的降解效果,本发明是这样实现的:
一种利用太阳光降解染料废水的方法,具体步骤如下:向染料废水中加入终浓度为0.25-1.5mM的乙酰丙酮,于光强为0.2-1.2mW/cm2的太阳光下反应3-4h,即实现染料脱色。
进一步,本发明所述染料废水是指包含偶氮染料橙黄二(AO7)、蒽醌染料茜素红(AR)或三芳甲烷类染料酸性品红AF)中的一种或多种的废水。
进一步,本发明利用太阳光降解染料废水的方法中,将染料废水过滤或混凝处理后,再加入乙酰丙酮。
进一步,本发明利用太阳光降解实际染料废水,所述实际染料废水为制革工艺中鞣染阶段废水。
本发明利用乙酰丙酮(AA)摩尔吸光系数大(254nm处为896M-1cm-1,274nm处为1800M-1cm-1),光化学活性较强,同等光源下对光的吸收较H2O2更多,和太阳光发射光谱重叠较多,因此作为利用太阳光的均相光活化剂。
相比于现有实验室光反应,本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)利用本发明建立的太阳光为光源的均相光反应体系(Solar/AA),使用较低浓度的乙酰丙酮(AA)做光活化剂,在太阳光照射下,无需外加能量补给,即可实现染料的快速彻底的脱色降解(同等浓度下的双氧水效果和直接太阳光照效果差别较小),即可实现光反应的能耗大大降低。
(2)本发明中,染料降解后可生化性提高,且光解后的AA主要产物为小分子酸,可作为后续生化处理提供碳源。太阳光照后的染料废水可直接进生化反应池,无过多操作工艺,进一步降低成本。
附图说明
图1为实施例所用设备示意图;
图2为实施例室外不同时间点的太阳光光强(365nm探头辐照计);
图3为实施例Solar/AA脱色降解偶氮染料AO7示意图;
图4为实施例Solar/AA脱色降解蒽醌染料AR示意图;
图5为实施例Solar/AA脱色降解三芳甲烷类染料AF示意图;
图6为实施例制革废水全波扫描图谱;
图7为实施例Solar/AA脱色降解实际鞣革废水示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和应用例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明所保护的范围不限于此。
实施例1Solar/AA脱色降解偶氮染料AO7效果试验
取三支内径为4cm的石英试管,编号1-3,分别加入下述染料:
1、50ml含0.05mMAO7水溶液(solar);
2、50ml含0.05mMAO7和0.25mMH2O2的水溶液(Solar/H2O2);
3、50ml含0.05mMAO7和0.25mMAA的水溶液(Solar/AA);
如图1所示,将石英试管1-3平放在太阳能光反应板上.太阳能光反应板倾斜至太阳光可垂直照射在太阳能光反应板上。实验地点为东经118°46',北纬32°03'(即南京大学仙林校区环境学院)。太阳光的光强使用365nm探头的辐照计进行测量,测量结果如图2所示,上午10点20开始太阳光照实验,测量结果如图3所示,约3个小时后,石英管3中的溶液彻底脱色,而石英管1和2中的溶液脱色率仅为26%和33%。表明Solar/AA方法较Solar/H2O2方法对偶氮染料具有更高的脱色效率,H2O2在太阳光下对染料的降解贡献较少。
实施例2Solar/AA脱色降解蒽醌染料AR效果
本实施例光照装置和光照条件同实施例1,取三支内径为4cm的石英试管,编号1-3,分别加入下述染料:
1、50ml含0.05mM蒽醌染料AR水溶液(solar);
2、50ml含0.05mM蒽醌染料AR和0.25mMH2O2的水溶液(Solar/H2O2);
3、50ml含0.05mM蒽醌染料AR和0.25mMAA的水溶液(Solar/AA);
光照反应测量结果如图4所示,约4个小时后,石英管3中的溶液接近彻底脱色,而石英管1和2中的溶液脱色率仅为40%和34%。表明H2O2在太阳光下对蒽醌染料的降解有一定的抑制作用。
实施例3Solar/AA脱色降解三芳甲烷类染料AF效果
本实施例光照装置和光照条件同实施例1,取三支内径为4cm的石英试管,编号1-3,分别加入下述染料:
1、50ml含0.025mM三芳甲烷类染料AF的水溶液(solar);
2、50ml含0.025mM三芳甲烷类染料AF和0.25mMH2O2的水溶液(Solar/H2O2);
3、50ml含0.025mM三芳甲烷类染料AF和0.25mMAA的水溶液(Solar/AA);
光照反应测量结果如图5所示,约3个小时后,石英管3中的溶液彻底脱色,而石英管1和2中的溶液脱色率仅为2%和26%。表明AA在太阳光下对三芳甲烷类染料AF具有降解作用。
实施例4Solar/AA脱色降解实际染料废水效果
本实施例光照装置和光照条件同实施案例1,染料废水样取自浙江桐乡某制革厂鞣革染料废水。废水中含有重金属铬的含量为20-40mg/L,染料含量为10-30mg/L,废水颜色为暗灰色,其全波扫描图谱如图6所示。
取三支内径为4cm的石英试管,编号1-3,分别加入下述溶液:
1、50ml染料废水(solar);
2、50ml染料废水和1.5mMH2O2的水溶液(Solar/H2O2);
3、50ml染料废水F和1.5mMAA的水溶液(Solar/AA);
光照反应检测结果如图7所示,约3个小时后,石英管3中的溶液脱色55%,而石英管1和2中的溶液脱色率仅为18%和24%。Solar/AA在太阳光下对成分复杂的实际染料废水脱色效果仍优于Solar/H2O2方法。
实施例5Solar/AA脱色降解试验
本实施例光照条件同实施例1,所使用废水与实施例4相同,先将染料废水引入废水池中过滤,去除其中的悬浮物,然后投加混凝剂(混凝剂的投加量参见CN104944547A),然后将混凝后的样品放置光反应管内,反应管根据太阳位置放置合理的角度,使得反应管垂直于阳光方向;光反应2-4小时后,鞣革染料废水可达到90%以上的脱色。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干改进,这些改进都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种利用太阳光降解染料废水的方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
向染料废水中加入终浓度为0.25-1.5mM的乙酰丙酮,于光强为0.2-1.2mW/cm2的太阳光下反应3-4h,即实现染料脱色。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种利用太阳光降解染料废水的方法,其特征在于,所述染料废水是指包含偶氮染料橙黄二、蒽醌染料茜素红或三芳甲烷类染料酸性品红中的一种或多种的废水。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述一种利用太阳光降解染料废水的方法,其特征在于,先将染料废水过滤或混凝处理后,在加入乙酰丙酮。
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