CN105410598A - Preparation method of rice products with low content of heavy metal - Google Patents
Preparation method of rice products with low content of heavy metal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of rice products with a low content of heavy metal. The method comprises the following steps of performing pulp mixing, performing enzymolysis, performing complexing, performing washing separation and performing drying treatment on rice flour or rice protein flour, so that the rice flour or the rice protein flour with a low content of metal is finally prepared. According to the method disclosed by the invention, an enzyme method and a chemical method are used, so that the heavy metal in the rice flour or the rice protein flour is dissociated out in a complexing manner; then solid-liquid separation is performed by a physical method of the stepwise gradient separation of rotational flow, so that the purpose of reducing the content of the heavy metal in the rice flour or the rice protein flour is realized, and a deeply processed product, namely the rice flour or the rice protein flour, with high quality and high added value is prepared. The method is simple to operate and low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of grain deep processing, especially relate to a kind of processing method reducing content of beary metal in ground rice, rice gluten powder.
Background technology
China is the large paddy rice producing country of the first in the world, within 2008, rice yield is at 1.89 hundred million tons, paddy is the first cereal crops of China, but, the soil quality direct relation of various places the quality of edible rice, but rice is obviously better than other the crop varieties such as corn, soybean for the suction-operated of heavy metal pollution.Therefore, by deep processing means, rice is processed, while removing heavy metal, obtain quality product, too increase the added value that rice utilizes.
Heavy metal in rice mainly combines with Chelating state and amino acid, and to it is reported in plant that the main and metallothionein of heavy metal forms ligand and combines, some is combined with the ligand containing O/N.Metal is dissolvable in water in acid solution, and excessive strong acid can destroy rice Middle nutrition composition, and, it is reported that acid is relevant with acidity for the removal effect of heavy metal, but depend on the complexing power of acid group more.
The patent of invention of CN201310140019.1 discloses a kind of de-cadmium rice protein and its preparation method and application, its key step is take rice as raw material, rice residue is obtained except after desizing with alpha-amylase, then, de-Cadmium treated is carried out with acid solution, used acid is the one in food-grade acetic acid, citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, and addition is that rice residue mixes by 1:2-5 weight ratio with acid solution, and in this step, the effect of adjust ph is only played in acid; Comparatively large by acid amount, the quality of acid solution to albumen of pH<4 has negative effect; Centrifugally obtain rice protein, after directly washing with water, due to the rising of pH value, in solution, the cadmium ion of stripping is combined with rice protein again, reduces the efficiency of finished product except cadmium; And also contain more acid solution in supernatant and water lotion, do not consider in this patent of invention that its discharge is to environment this point.
The patent of invention of CN103340414A discloses a kind of method for removing cadmium of rice protein, this invention comprise the steps: to size mixing mixing, acid hydrolytic reaction, removal of impurities, sterilizing, dehydration, drying obtains rice protein powder, this invention acid hydrolytic reaction adopts citric acid adjust ph 3.8 ~ 4.2, then with aqueous slkali, pH value is recalled to 5.8 ~ 6.2 again, the cadmium ion of stripping recombines with rice protein again along with the rising of pH value in acid condition, which decreases the efficiency except cadmium; Although used eddy flow washer in this invention, its main application plays separation, impurity removal, by the object that the supernatant and solid phase of having adjusted alkali are separated.
The patent of invention of CN104000085A discloses the preparation method of a kind of de-cadmium rice starch and de-cadmium rice protein powder, it mainly comprises immersion, defibrination, be separated, de-cadmium, sterilizing, the steps such as oven dry, in the step of this patent cadmium in removing rice starch and rice protein, mainly utilize the acetic acid of pH<4.2, lactic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, at least one in citric acid, be that 1:3-5 reacts according to rice raw material and sour volume ratio, adjust ph effect is mainly played with acid in this invention, negative impact is there is in this addition for the quality of rice protein and rice starch, use the clear water rinsing twice of the slant acidity of pH value 6.0-6.5 afterwards, the cadmium ion that this step take into account stripping when pH value raises can again with protein combination, but the cadmium that the pH value 6.0-6.5 adopted still can make part stripping again with protein combination and can not being separated out, which decrease the clearance of cadmium, in slurries, the acid that pH is 2.8-3.0 is added again after this rinse step, and, 2-3h under 80-85 DEG C of condition is adopted in ensuing sterilization steps, such treatment step is to rice protein, particularly the quality of rice starch can produce serious influence, therefore, this contrast patent of invention is not considering the impact of processing step on product quality completely while cadmium, and the cadmium ion removing stripping in cadmium technique does not adopt again effective means to be separated.
The patent of invention of CN103549234A discloses a kind of method of cutting down cereal heavy metal, this invention is with the rice of heavy metal pollution, the cereal such as wheat and maize and rice bran, the accessory substance of the cereal processing such as wheat bran is raw material, the heavy metal cadmium of compound national standard is obtained through some steps, plumbous, arsenic, the corn gluten protein of mercury and nickel content, the product such as cereal starch or polysaccharide, in this contrast patent of invention, material is mainly to the step of corn gluten protein removing heavy metals swelling, adjust ph 2-3, then through UF membrane, solution pH value 4-6 solution sedimentation separation in film, use running water agitator treating again, precipitation is dry, theoretically really can separate dissolved heavy metal ion out by the method for UF membrane, but for rice, the cereal such as wheat and maize and rice bran, in the accessory substance of the cereal processing such as wheat bran, composition is comparatively complicated, the efficiency of UF membrane is lower, and easily block, clear up complexity, be not easy to realize large-scale production and application, disclose with pickling starch or polysaccharide removing heavy-metal in this documents, used acid is the inorganic or organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, its main purpose is in order to the heavy metal in stripping starch or polysaccharide, but follow-uply directly add tap water, the heavy metal of stripping is formed again in conjunction with state, and the removal efficiency of heavy metal reduces.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the applicant provides the preparation method of the rice food that a kind of content of beary metal is low.The inventive method by means of enzyme process, heavy metal complexing in ground rice or rice gluten powder dissociates out by chemical method, Separation of Solid and Liquid is carried out again with the physical method of eddy flow gradient separations step by step, thus realize the object reducing heavy metal in ground rice or rice gluten powder, the intensive processing product ground rice of obtained high-quality, high added value or rice gluten powder, the method is simple to operate, with low cost.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A preparation method for the rice food that content of beary metal is low, comprises the steps:
(1) size mixing: sized mixing by rice food water, mass concentration is 5-15%, regulates slurry pH to be 5.5-6.5 with hydrochloric acid;
(2) enzymolysis: the TGase adding protein by weight 10-50U/g in slurry in the slurry that step (1) is obtained is react 30-60min under the condition of 38-55 DEG C in temperature;
(3) complexing: add Compound-acid complexing agent adjust ph to 4-5 in the slurry processed through step (2), add the composite compaction technique relative to rice food quality 0.1-0.5%, stirring reaction 10-40min under 30-50 DEG C of water bath condition simultaneously;
(4) washing is separated: by step (3) obtained solution gradient separations step by step in cyclone, wherein cyclone inlet amount is 1.5-3.5:1 with the ratio of wash water flow, and washing progression is 3-9 level, and washing pressure is 0.2-1MPa;
(5) dry: by heavy phase separating obtained for step (4), adopt pneumatic conveying dryer or spray drying device to dry, the rice food that obtained described content of beary metal is low.
Described rice food is ground rice or rice gluten powder; Wherein ground rice dry protein content is 0.5-8%, and rice gluten amyloid proteins contents on dry basis is 50-90%.
In described rice food, total arsenic content is 0.4-2ppm, and lead content is 0.2-0.4ppm, and total mercury content is 0.02-0.04ppm, and cadmium content is 0.2-2ppm.
Compound-acid complexing agent described in step (3) is the Compound-acid that in lactic acid, glacial acetic acid, tartaric acid, metatartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, one or more and hydrochloric acid form, and wherein mol ratio is 3-5:1.
Described in step (3), described composite compaction technique is the mixing salt solution of NaCl and KCl, and the mass concentration of solution is 1%-3%, and wherein the mol ratio of NaCl and KCl is 3-4:1.
The pH value difference of the wash water of the every one-level eddy flow of cyclone described in step (4) is 0.2-0.9, and the pH of eddy flow heavy phase is 6-7.
Drying means described in step (5): adopt pneumatic conveying dryer to dry when rice food is ground rice, wherein EAT is 120-160 DEG C, and leaving air temp is 40-60 DEG C, and air-out humidity is 65%-90%; When rice food is rice gluten powder, adopt pneumatic conveying drying or spray drying device to dry, control EAT is 140-180 DEG C, and leaving air temp is 60-80 DEG C.
Described heavy metal is one or more in arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium.
The technique effect that the present invention is useful is:
(1) the inventive method adopts TGase to be the enzyme that the reaction of a kind of catalysis transacylate promotes to occur between protein, polypeptide, amino acid covalent cross-linking; the protein plasticity obtained after crosslinked, retentiveness, the character such as water-soluble improve; meanwhile, the combination between heavy metal and amino acid can be weakened.
(2) the inventive method takes into full account the form that heavy metal combines in rice and the character presented, conbined enzymolysis and chemical method, and enzymatic isolation method changes the interaction between heavy metal and protein in rice food or amino acid; Selective to the application of acid in chemical method, strong acid is used for adjust ph, weak acid mainly selects carboxylic acids, mainly use the complexing power of acid group heavy metal ion, and by means of the synergy that salt and sour heavy metal combine, remove heavy metal in ground rice and rice gluten powder efficiently, solve ground rice that heavy metal contaminants exceeds standard and the problem that rice gluten powder can not eat, and obtain the good product of quality simultaneously, substantially increase the added value of rice and goods thereof.
(3) reversible reaction can be there is along with the minimizing of the rising of pH value, complexing agent in conjunction with state heavy metal in what in the inventive method, be dissolved in Compound-acid complexing agent, the inventive method by regulating the charging of eddy flow washer and wash water ratio, wash progression, the often pressure and other parameters of one-level can control the composition of Separation of Solid and Liquid in each stage material accurately and pH value poor, like this can efficiently, step by step gradient separations go out the solution containing heavy metal.
(4) the inventive method is compared to prior art, cost is lower, more easily realize, and the character that make use of eddy flow washing facility uniqueness realizes the object being separated removal heavy metal, compared to the centrifugation of routine, efficiency is high, treating capacity is large, water-saving, laborsaving, and product quality to be promoted to some extent, is applicable to large-scale industrial production and applies.
(5) the inventive method adopts enzymatic isolation method, Compound-acid and complex salt complexometry, washing method step by step in conjunction with cyclone, and multiple means acts synergistically to rice food, jointly completes the removal task of heavy metal.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is specifically described.
Embodiment 1
A preparation method for the rice food that content of beary metal is low, comprises the steps:
(1) size mixing: by rice food ground rice, (dry protein content is 0.52%, and total arsenic content is 0.42ppm, and lead content is 0.23ppm, total mercury content is 0.02ppm, cadmium content is 0.25ppm) to size mixing with water, mass concentration is 15%, regulates slurry pH to be 6.0 with hydrochloric acid;
(2) enzymolysis: the TGase adding protein by weight 10U/g in slurry in the slurry that step (1) is obtained is react 30min under the condition of 50 DEG C in temperature;
(3) complexing: add Compound-acid complexing agent (mol ratio of lactic acid, tartaric acid, hydrochloric acid is 1.5:1.5:1) adjust ph to 4.8 in the slurry processed through step (2), add the composite compaction technique of NaCl and KCl relative to ground rice quality 0.1% (mol ratio of NaCl and KCl is 3:1 simultaneously, the mass concentration of solution is 1%), stirring reaction 10min under 50 DEG C of water bath condition;
(4) washing is separated: by step (3) obtained solution gradient separations step by step in cyclone, wherein cyclone inlet amount is 3.5:1 with the ratio of wash water flow, and washing progression is 4 grades, and washing pressure is 0.2MPa; The pH value difference of described cyclone every one-level eddy flow wash water is 0.3, and the pH of eddy flow heavy phase is 6;
(5) dry: by heavy phase separating obtained for step (4), adopt pneumatic conveying dryer to dry, control EAT 128 DEG C, leaving air temp 45 DEG C, air-out humidity 70%, the ground rice that obtained described content of beary metal is low.Wherein, the rate of recovery of ground rice is 95%, and the content of beary metal of final products and physical and chemical quality detect data respectively in table 1, table 2.
Embodiment 2
A preparation method for the rice food that content of beary metal is low, comprises the steps:
(1) size mixing: by rice food rice gluten powder, (dry protein content is 51%, and total arsenic content is 1.43ppm, and lead content is 0.38ppm, total mercury content is 0.035ppm, cadmium content is 1.57ppm) to size mixing with water, mass concentration is 10%, regulates slurry pH to be 6.0 with hydrochloric acid;
(2) enzymolysis: the TGase adding protein by weight 20U/g in slurry in the slurry that step (1) is obtained is react 30min under the condition of 55 DEG C in temperature;
(3) complexing: add Compound-acid complexing agent (mol ratio of citric acid, malic acid, hydrochloric acid is 2.5:2.5:1) adjust ph to 5 in the slurry processed through step (2), add the composite compaction technique of NaCl and KCl relative to rice gluten opaque amount 0.5% (mol ratio of NaCl and KCl is 4:1 simultaneously, the mass concentration of solution is 2%), stirring reaction 30min under 40 DEG C of water bath condition;
(4) washing is separated: by step (3) obtained solution gradient separations step by step in cyclone, wherein cyclone inlet amount is 2.5:1 with the ratio of wash water flow, and washing progression is 6 grades, and washing pressure is 0.5MPa; The pH value difference of described cyclone every one-level eddy flow wash water is 0.3, and the pH of eddy flow heavy phase is 7;
(5) dry: by heavy phase separating obtained for step (4), adopt pneumatic conveying dryer to dry, control EAT 147 DEG C, leaving air temp 68 DEG C, the rice gluten powder that obtained described content of beary metal is low.Wherein, the rate of recovery of rice gluten powder is 98.5%, and the content of beary metal of final products and physical and chemical quality detect data respectively in table 1, table 2.
Embodiment 3
A preparation method for the rice food that content of beary metal is low, comprises the steps:
(1) size mixing: by rice food rice gluten powder, (dry protein content is 89%, and total arsenic content is 1.84ppm, and lead content is 0.33ppm, total mercury content is 0.036ppm, cadmium content is 1.72ppm) to size mixing with water, mass concentration is 5%, regulates slurry pH to be 6.5 with hydrochloric acid;
(2) enzymolysis: the TGase adding protein by weight 50U/g in slurry in the slurry that step (1) is obtained is react 60min under the condition of 40 DEG C in temperature;
(3) complexing: add Compound-acid complexing agent (mol ratio of lactic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid is 2.5:1.5:1) adjust ph to 4 in the slurry processed through step (2), add the composite compaction technique of NaCl and KCl relative to rice gluten opaque amount 0.5% (mol ratio of NaCl and KCl is 3:1 simultaneously, the mass concentration of solution is 3%), stirring reaction 40min under 30 DEG C of water bath condition;
(4) washing is separated: by step (3) obtained solution gradient separations step by step in cyclone, wherein cyclone inlet amount is 1.5:1 with the ratio of wash water flow, and washing progression is 8 grades, and washing pressure is 0.8MPa; The pH value difference of described cyclone every one-level eddy flow wash water is 0.2, and the pH of eddy flow heavy phase is 6.8;
(5) dry: by heavy phase separating obtained for step (4), adopt pneumatic conveying dryer to dry, control EAT 175 DEG C, leaving air temp 78 DEG C, the rice gluten powder that obtained described content of beary metal is low.Wherein, the rate of recovery of rice gluten powder is 96%, and the content of beary metal of final products and physical and chemical quality detect data respectively in table 1, table 2.
Embodiment 4
A preparation method for the rice food that content of beary metal is low, comprises the steps:
(1) size mixing: by rice food ground rice, (dry protein content is 7.8%, and total arsenic content is 0.88ppm, and lead content is 0.26ppm, total mercury content is 0.03ppm, cadmium content is 0.55ppm) to size mixing with water, mass concentration is 10%, regulates slurry pH to be 5.8 with hydrochloric acid;
(2) enzymolysis: the TGase adding protein by weight 50U/g in slurry in the slurry that step (1) is obtained is react 60min under the condition of 38 DEG C in temperature;
(3) complexing: add Compound-acid complexing agent (mol ratio of citric acid, fumaric acid, hydrochloric acid is 2.5:2.5:1) adjust ph to 4.1 in the slurry processed through step (2), add the composite compaction technique of NaCl and KCl relative to ground rice quality 0.5% (mol ratio of NaCl and KCl is 3:1 simultaneously, the mass concentration of solution is 3%), stirring reaction 10min under 50 DEG C of water bath condition;
(4) washing is separated: by step (3) obtained solution gradient separations step by step in cyclone, wherein cyclone inlet amount is 1.5:1 with the ratio of wash water flow, and washing progression is 8 grades, and washing pressure is 1MPa; The pH value difference of described cyclone every one-level eddy flow wash water is 0.5, and the pH of eddy flow heavy phase is 6.8;
(5) dry: by heavy phase separating obtained for step (4), adopt pneumatic conveying dryer to dry, control EAT 156 DEG C, leaving air temp 58 DEG C, air-out humidity 88%, the ground rice that obtained described content of beary metal is low.Wherein, the rate of recovery of ground rice is 93.6%, and the content of beary metal of final products and physical and chemical quality detect data respectively in table 1, table 2.
Table 1
As can be seen from table 1 column data, by enzymolysis, Compound-acid complexing agent with salt is composite, eddy flow washing is collaborative removes heavy metal in ground rice and rice gluten powder, total arsenic, cadmium content clearance are greater than 90%, plumbous, total mercury content clearance higher than 50%, the ground rice obtained or rice gluten grain weight tenor compound national standard.
Table 2
As can be seen from table 2 column data, by the control of drying process, before and after ground rice, the process of rice gluten powder, moisture is close; Because part fat and ash content can be removed by eddy flow washing, thus make the fat content and the content of ashes reduction that process rear ground rice and rice gluten powder, numerically: content of ashes <1% in ground rice, rice gluten powder, ground rice fat content <0.5%, rice gluten powder fat content <3%; After removing impurity, in rice gluten powder, protein content increases to some extent, and recruitment is 2%-7%.
Adopt the method for embodiment 4, other are consistent, change the condition of complexing in step (3), namely change kind and the composite compaction technique of Compound-acid complexing agent, and the content of beary metal of the ground rice of gained low-heavy metal content detects data and is shown in Table 3.
Table 3
As can be seen from table 3 column data, independent strong acid or just strong acid and weak acid composite, the cadmium in ground rice all can not be made to reach maximum removal, after Compound-acid arranges in pairs or groups certain complex salt as complexing agent, total arsenic, cadmium content clearance are greater than 90%, plumbous, total mercury content clearance higher than 50%, the ground rice content of beary metal compound national standard obtained.
Adopt the method for embodiment 3, other are consistent, change the condition of complexing in step (3), namely change kind and the composite compaction technique of Compound-acid complexing agent, and the content of beary metal of the rice gluten powder of gained low-heavy metal content detects data and is shown in Table 4.
Table 4
As can be seen from table 4 column data, independent strong acid or just strong acid and weak acid composite, the cadmium in ground rice all can not be made to reach maximum removal, after Compound-acid arranges in pairs or groups certain complex salt as complexing agent, total arsenic, cadmium content clearance are greater than 90%, plumbous, total mercury content clearance higher than 50%, the rice gluten grain weight tenor compound national standard obtained.
Claims (9)
1. a preparation method for the rice food that content of beary metal is low, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) size mixing: sized mixing by rice food water, mass concentration is 5-15%, regulates slurry pH to be 5.5-6.5 with hydrochloric acid;
(2) enzymolysis: the TGase adding protein by weight 10-50U/g in slurry in the slurry that step (1) is obtained is react 30-60min under the condition of 38-55 DEG C in temperature;
(3) complexing: add Compound-acid complexing agent adjust ph to 4-5 in the slurry processed through step (2), add the composite compaction technique relative to rice food quality 0.1-0.5%, stirring reaction 10-40min under 30-50 DEG C of water bath condition simultaneously;
(4) washing is separated: by step (3) obtained solution gradient separations step by step in cyclone, wherein cyclone inlet amount is 1.5-3.5:1 with the ratio of wash water flow, and washing progression is 3-9 level, and washing pressure is 0.2-1MPa;
(5) dry: by heavy phase separating obtained for step (4), adopt pneumatic conveying dryer or spray drying device to dry, the rice food that obtained described content of beary metal is low.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described rice food is ground rice or rice gluten powder; Wherein ground rice dry protein content is 0.5-8%, and rice gluten amyloid proteins contents on dry basis is 50-90%.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in described rice food, total arsenic content is 0.4-2ppm, lead content is 0.2-0.4ppm, and total mercury content is 0.02-0.04ppm, and cadmium content is 0.2-2ppm.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that Compound-acid complexing agent described in step (3) is the Compound-acid that in lactic acid, glacial acetic acid, tartaric acid, metatartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, one or more and hydrochloric acid form, wherein mol ratio is 3-5:1.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described in step (3), described composite compaction technique is the mixing salt solution of NaCl and KCl, the mass concentration of solution is 1%-3%, and wherein the mol ratio of NaCl and KCl is 3-4:1.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the pH value difference of the wash water of the every one-level eddy flow of cyclone described in step (4) is 0.2-0.9, the pH of eddy flow heavy phase is 6-7.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that drying means described in step (5): adopt pneumatic conveying dryer to dry when rice food is ground rice, wherein EAT is 120-160 DEG C, and leaving air temp is 40-60 DEG C, and air-out humidity is 65%-90%; When rice food is rice gluten powder, adopt pneumatic conveying drying or spray drying device to dry, control EAT is 140-180 DEG C, and leaving air temp is 60-80 DEG C.
8. the low heavy metal ground rice according to claim 1-7 and rice gluten powder, preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that the ground rice for preparing and the total arsenic of rice gluten powder, cadmium content clearance is greater than 90%, lead, total mercury content clearance are higher than 50%, and integral production line ground rice, the albumen powder rate of recovery are more than 90%.
9. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described heavy metal is one or more in total arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium.
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