CN105396553A - 一种工业废水重金属离子的复合吸附材料 - Google Patents

一种工业废水重金属离子的复合吸附材料 Download PDF

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CN105396553A
CN105396553A CN201510981687.6A CN201510981687A CN105396553A CN 105396553 A CN105396553 A CN 105396553A CN 201510981687 A CN201510981687 A CN 201510981687A CN 105396553 A CN105396553 A CN 105396553A
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王猛
纪轶
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Zibo Yongchen Environmental Impact Assessment Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种工业废水重金属离子的复合吸附材料，包括载体，功能成分和催化成分，载体中包括膨润土与硅藻土的混合物，碳酸钙，碳羟基磷灰石，活性炭，沸石，凹凸棒石，木屑、锯末、农作物秸秆的混合物等，功能成分包括：氯化铝/硫酸铝，硫酸亚铁，高锰酸钾，硫酸钾/氯化镁中，亚硫酸钠/硫代硫酸钠/硫酸钠等；催化成分包括：纳米水和氧化铁，纳米二氧化钛；所述催化成分中纳米水和氧化铁和纳米二氧化钛的粒度为50-200nm；本发明具有吸附效果好，成本低，制备简单的优点。

Description

一种工业废水重金属离子的复合吸附材料
技术领域
本发明属于环境保护领域，尤其是涉及一种工业废水重金属离子的复合吸附材料。
背景技术
随着工业化进程的推进，我国的制造业获得了飞速发展，但我国的工业化发展还处在初级阶段，相当多企业的生产属于粗放和重污染型，如染料、医药、化工、冶炼、电镀等生产过程中产生了大量的废水，如果环境保护的技术和监管措施的不到位，上述废水排放到环境中，其中含有的高浓度有机物和重金属离子将会给人类和生态环境带来严重灾难，所以必须对工业废水进行严格的处理，目前有机物、重金属废水处理方法主要有物理法、化学法、生物法或几种方法联用。物理法主要包括：膜分离法、磁分离法及吸附法。其中吸附法是利用表面具有多孔的一些固体作为吸附剂，当废水与吸附剂接触时，废水中一种或数种污染物被吸附在固体表面从而达到废水净化的目的。在工业废水处理中，吸附法主要用作预处理或生化后的深度处理。吸附法的应用范围比较广泛，没有专一选择性。但目前的吸附材料存在吸附不彻底，制备复杂，成本高的问题，严重制约了环保进程的发展。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种工业废水重金属离子的复合吸附材料，具有吸附效果好，成本低，制备简单的优点。
本发明完整的技术方案包括：
一种工业废水重金属离子的复合吸附材料，包括载体，功能成分和催化成分，其特征在于：
载体按重量份计包括：膨润土与硅藻土的混合物10-15份，碳酸钙2-3份，碳羟基磷灰石1-2份，活性炭4-6份，沸石4-6份，凹凸棒石1-2份，此外还包括木屑、锯末、农作物秸秆的混合物40-50份，其中所述的膨润土与硅藻土混合物的粒径为0.1-0.2mm，碳酸钙、活性炭的粒径为0.4-0.6mm，碳羟基磷灰石、沸石、凹凸棒石的粒径为0.5-1mm，所述木屑、锯末、农作物秸秆的混合物粒径为0.2-0.5mm；
功能成分按重量份包括：氯化铝/硫酸铝中的一种或两种共计1-2份，硫酸亚铁1.5-2份，高锰酸钾1-3份，硫酸钾/氯化镁中的一种或两种共计1-2份，亚硫酸钠/硫代硫酸钠/硫酸钠中的一种或多种共计2-3份；所述功能成分中各原料的粒度为0.1mm；
催化成分按重量份包括：纳米水和氧化铁0.5-1份，纳米二氧化钛0.5-1份；所述催化成分中纳米水和氧化铁和纳米二氧化钛的粒度为50-200nm；
所述的复合吸附材料中的各成分重量比为，载体：功能成分：催化成分＝(10-20)：(5-11)：(0.2-0.5)。
本发明相对于现有技术的优点为：在载体组分中，选择价格低廉且容易获取的木屑、锯末、农作物秸秆作为主要组分，并且结合其他的常见多孔材料以增加载体强度，并且各组分的粒度的合理设置，形成孔径多级分布的多孔骨料，具有很强的吸水性和离子吸附能力，可以对污水中的重金属和大分子有机物进行稳定吸附，避免其在酸碱环境下的重溶出，显著降低了二次污染，既保证了良好的吸附效果，又兼顾了原材料价格，降低了生产成本，功能成分和催化成分可以起到氧化、增强反应速度和活性，稳定重金属离子，对大分子有机物进行分解，避免了吸附后的有害组分再次浸出，同时能够脱除污水的臭味，调节PH值，避免强碱对环境造成危害。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步说明：
一种工业废水重金属离子的复合吸附材料，包括载体，功能成分和催化成分，其特征在于：
载体按重量份计包括：膨润土与硅藻土的混合物10-15份，碳酸钙2-3份，碳羟基磷灰石1-2份，活性炭4-6份，沸石4-6份，凹凸棒石1-2份，此外还包括木屑、锯末、农作物秸秆的混合物40-50份，其中所述的膨润土与硅藻土混合物的粒径为0.1-0.2mm，碳酸钙、活性炭的粒径为0.4-0.6mm，碳羟基磷灰石、沸石、凹凸棒石的粒径为0.5-1mm，所述木屑、锯末、农作物秸秆的混合物粒径为0.2-0.5mm；
功能成分按重量份包括：氯化铝/硫酸铝中的一种或两种共计1-2份，硫酸亚铁1.5-2份，高锰酸钾1-3份，硫酸钾/氯化镁中的一种或两种共计1-2份，亚硫酸钠/硫代硫酸钠/硫酸钠中的一种或多种共计2-3份；所述功能成分中各原料的粒度为0.1mm；
催化成分按重量份包括：纳米水和氧化铁0.5-1份，纳米二氧化钛0.5-1份；所述催化成分中纳米水和氧化铁和纳米二氧化钛的粒度为50-200nm；
所述的复合吸附材料中的各成分重量比为，载体：功能成分：催化成分＝(10-20)：(5-11)：(0.2-0.5)。
工业废水重金属离子的复合吸附材料制备方法为：
载体：选取载体中所述重量份的硅藻土和硅藻土混合物送入球磨机，按球料比(10-15)：1球磨2-10小时后取出，过筛后备用，选取载体中所述重量份的碳酸钙、活性炭按球料比(10-15)：1球磨3-5小时后取出，过筛后备用，选取载体中所述重量份的碳羟基磷灰石、沸石、凹凸棒石，首先粗碎成3-6mm的颗粒，随后送入球磨机，选择氧化锆磨球，球料比(10-15)：1，并加入占磨料总质量0.1％的稀硫酸进行球磨1-2小时后取出，静置1小时后过筛；选取载体中所述重量份的木屑、锯末、农作物秸秆的混合物，在100-120℃下烘干2h，送入球磨机，球料比(10-15)：1球磨2-4小时后取出，过筛后备用；
选取功能成分中所述重量份的各组分混合，加入去离子水，用稀硫酸调PH值至4.5-6.5得到溶液；
选取催化成分中所述重量份的各组分混合，加入去离子水，磁力搅拌30分钟得到悬浮液；
按载体：功能成分：催化成分＝(10-20)：(5-11)：(0.2-0.5)的重量比选择各成分，将催化成分的悬浮液加入功能成分溶液中，加去离子水稀释，依次加入载体的各组分，在60-80℃下搅拌，成为含水量40％-60％的浆料，将所述浆料静置8-10小时后烘干，破碎后即得复合吸附材料。

Claims (1)

1.一种工业废水重金属离子的复合吸附材料，包括载体，功能成分和催化成分，其特征在于：
载体按重量份计包括：膨润土与硅藻土的混合物10-15份，优选12份，碳酸钙2-3份，碳羟基磷灰石1-2份，活性炭4-6份，沸石4-6份，凹凸棒石1-2份，此外还包括木屑、锯末、农作物秸秆的混合物40-50份，其中所述的膨润土与硅藻土混合物的粒径为0.1-0.2mm，碳酸钙、活性炭的粒径为0.4-0.6mm，碳羟基磷灰石、沸石、凹凸棒石的粒径为0.5-1mm，所述木屑、锯末、农作物秸秆的混合物粒径为0.2-0.5mm；
功能成分按重量份包括：氯化铝/硫酸铝中的一种或两种共计1-2份，硫酸亚铁1.5-2份，高锰酸钾1-3份，硫酸钾/氯化镁中的一种或两种共计1-2份，亚硫酸钠/硫代硫酸钠/硫酸钠中的一种或多种共计2-3份；所述功能成分中各原料的粒度为0.1mm；
催化成分按重量份包括：纳米水和氧化铁0.5-1份，纳米二氧化钛0.5-1份；所述催化成分中纳米水和氧化铁和纳米二氧化钛的粒度为50-200nm；
所述的复合吸附材料中的各成分重量比为，载体：功能成分：催化成分＝(10-20)：(5-11)：(0.2-0.5)。
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CN106040170A (zh) * 2016-06-08 2016-10-26 芜湖市长江起重设备制造有限公司 一种可高效吸附金属离子的起重机电镀废水处理剂及其制作方法
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