CN1053860C - 树脂浸渍多孔网的方法和装置 - Google Patents

树脂浸渍多孔网的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1053860C
CN1053860C CN94194728A CN94194728A CN1053860C CN 1053860 C CN1053860 C CN 1053860C CN 94194728 A CN94194728 A CN 94194728A CN 94194728 A CN94194728 A CN 94194728A CN 1053860 C CN1053860 C CN 1053860C
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S·R·伊尔
C·D·施里尔
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Abstract

公开了一种在用热固性树脂浸渍多孔网中减少树脂废料的方法。该法包括使用有旋转辊(4)的树脂涂覆设备,液体形式的热固性树脂沉积在旋转辊(4)上;使纤维基材(2)与旋转辊上的热固性树脂逆向接触通过,以便使热固性树脂转移动纤维基材(2)上;从旋转辊(4)上除去任何未转移的树脂,并在纤维基材与旋转辊接触以前,将除去的树脂沉积到纤维基材上;以及使含树脂的纤维网通过加热段,使树脂部分固化。该法特别适用于无溶剂树脂配方涂覆到玻璃纤维网上,制作电工层压板用预浸料件。

Description

树脂浸渍多孔网的方法和装置
本发明涉及用热固性树脂浸渍多孔网。在具体的实施方案中,本发明涉及在用无溶剂热固性树脂体系浸渍玻璃纤维基材时减少树脂碎屑的方法和装置。
固化的热固性树脂电路板基板的制造始于用液体热固性树脂体系浸渍玻璃纤维基材。然后将树脂浸渍的基材部分固化制成“预浸料件”。将一组层状的预浸料件在加压下加热,使树脂完全固化并制成坚硬的层压板,它用作电路板的基板。
虽然已有各种热固性树脂,如在室温下是液体的低分子量环氧树脂,但现在电路板的要求需要使用在室温下为固体或粘稠液体的高性能的树脂体系,以及将树脂在熔融形式或溶液形式中涂覆到基材上。但是,在熔融状态下加工热固性树脂是困难的,因为使树脂熔融所需的高温会使树脂过早固化,使树脂对基材的“浸润”差,即饱和差。
现在用于制作预浸料件的工业方法是用树脂的有机溶液将树脂涂覆到基材上。溶液法必须包括这样一个通常与树脂部分固化一起进行的步骤,在这一步骤中,通过将溶剂加热到挥发温度,使溶剂从预浸料件中除去。但这一方法有许多缺点:首先,它需要处理或排放有机挥发物。其次,溶剂从未固化的树脂中挥发可能在预浸料件中,进而在固化的层压板中产生空洞和不均匀性。此外,除去溶剂步骤需要大量的时间。
已提出一种方法用于将无溶剂热固性树脂涂覆到玻璃纤维网上,该法包括将无溶剂树脂沉积到旋转辊上,并使玻璃纤维网与沉积的树脂逆向接触通过旋转辊以致使树脂转移到网上,然后通过加热段,使树脂部分固化。该法在EP476752中公开。但是,业已发现,由于在旋转辊上保留一定数量的树脂的结果,该树脂涂覆法可产生大量碎屑树脂。
所以,本发明的目的是提供一种用无溶剂热固性树脂体系浸渍多孔网的改进方法,该法可减少生产中产生的碎屑树脂量。
所以,本发明涉及一种通过以下步骤用热固性树脂浸渍多孔网的方法:将未固化的液体形式热固性树脂沉积到旋转辊上;使多孔网与旋转辊逆向接触通过,以致吸收大部分所述树脂;使含有树脂的网通过加热固化段,使树脂部分固化。在该法中,在所述的残留树脂通过所述的辊360°旋转以前,除去残留在旋转辊上的树脂,并在网与旋转辊最初的接触以前,沉积到多孔网上。
在本发明一个典型实施例中,提供了这样一种用热固性树脂浸渍多孔网的方法,该法包括:提供有旋转辊的树脂涂覆设备;将含有基本上未固化的热固性树脂的液体形式热固性树脂配方沉积到旋转辊上;使多孔网以与旋转辊上的热固性树脂配方逆向接触的方式通过,以致使大部分热固性树脂配方转移到多孔网上;从旋转辊上除去任何未转移的树脂,并在基材达到旋转辊时,使所述的树脂沉积到多孔网上;以及使含树脂的多孔网通过加热段,使树脂部分固化并制成含有多孔网和部分固化的热固性树脂的预浸料件。
本发明的方法提供了一种在用液体形式的热固性树脂浸渍多孔网中使废树脂减到最少的技术。该法特别适用于用无溶剂树脂体系浸渍玻璃纤维网,以制成最终用于电工层压板的预浸料件。本发明的树脂涂覆法的目的是用液体树脂充分浸润多孔网,同时通过当基材达到旋转辊时将未吸收的树脂再沉积在多孔网上,使树脂废料最少。
在本发明的树脂涂覆法中,用液体形式的热固性树脂浸渍多孔网。虽然本发明方法可用溶剂基树脂来实施,但对于本发明的方法来说,优选的树脂体系是不含有机溶剂的树脂体系,它包括水基树脂体系或无溶剂树脂体系。对于无溶剂树脂体系来说,可通过使用在室温下有低粘度的热固性树脂来达到液体形式,或者将热固性树脂加热到这样一个温度,达到充分浸润网足够低的粘度。当然,在后一情况下,树脂体系(热固性树脂和与它一起使用的任何固化组分)在其熔融温度下,在基材浸渍过程的时间范围内必须没有任何显著程度的固化。
可参考图1说明本发明的树脂涂覆法和设备。基材2(通常为任何短纤维、毡片或机织的多孔材料,优选为机织玻璃纤维网)从输送设备1送进,输送设备1通常包括用于将网在所选速率和所选网张力下送进的自动设备。多孔网在送进到树脂涂覆段以前可任选被例如红外加热器加热。安装导向设备3使网以一定的接触角α弧度送向树脂涂覆辊4并确保送进网的位置,以便接收用刮板9从辊上除去的任何未吸收的树脂。角α可随涂覆方案总的结构变化,但为了得到最少的树脂废料通常在45~180度范围内,优选90~150度,最优选120~150度,以便使树脂浸渍量和从辊到网的热传递最大。未吸收的树脂量通常小于涂覆到旋转辊上的数量的20%,优选小于15%,更优选小于10%。
涂覆辊4将液体树脂膜5送到逆向通过的网2的基面。涂覆辊4保持在这样一温度下,有效的使树脂膜5保持在基本上不固化的液体形式下。该温度随树脂变化,但通常在50~250℃范围内,优选100~200℃。使涂覆辊4的旋转速度、网2接触树脂膜5时的张力以及网2送进到涂覆辊的速度相协调,以便使网达到良好的浸润。这些技术要求可随树脂体系、网材料类型以及下游B-staging单元的加热能力等变化。通常,涂覆辊4的旋转速度在网速的70~160%范围内,优选网速的100~140%;网2的张力通常在0.4536~1.3608Kg(1~3磅)/2.540cm(linear inch)范围内,优选0.6804~0.9072Kg/2.540cm(1.5~2.0PLI);而网通过树脂涂覆段的送进速度在0.04064~1.016m/s(8~200ft/min)范围内,优选0.127~0.635m/s(25~约125ft/min)。
借助在这里示为喷嘴7的树脂输送设备将树脂膜5涂覆到涂覆辊4上,喷嘴7能将受控数量的液体树脂涂覆到涂覆辊的旋转表面上。喷嘴7可与任何在室温或升温下连续输送液体形式的树脂的设备相连。将在不同的体积速率下进行树脂输送,与移动网的速度同步,以致将预定体积的树脂输送到网上,同时使在树脂输送体系内的停留时间最短。树脂输送设备例如可包括温控的出口与喷嘴7相连的静态掺混器,动态混合器或混合挤压器。
与树脂输送设备7一起使用计量设备,以便控制输送到网上的液体树脂的数量,计量设备在这里示为安装在喷嘴7和树脂膜5与送进网的接触点之间的定隙辊8。定隙辊8优选为一比涂覆辊4有较小直径的辊,相对于涂覆辊逆向旋转,其旋转速率在网速的1~50%范围内,优选8~35%。通过将树脂沉积面和定隙辊相对于涂覆辊4向前安装,即与水平半径的角β小于90°,以便通过重力防止树脂从涂辊逆时针方向流下可防止树脂从涂覆面回流。通过任选的刮板12可防止树脂从沉积面移动。树脂涂覆到网上的速率的控制在第一种情况下通过仔细设定定隙辊8和涂覆辊4之间的缝隙来达到,以得到均匀的膜厚。其次,涂覆辊的旋转速与网速相配合,以将树脂膜转移到移动的网上。此外,因为不需托膜板来控制移动的网与涂覆辊的接触,因此需拉制网张力来确保树脂涂覆过程的稳定操作。
树脂除去设备9(在这里所示的刮板)用于从涂覆辊上除去在树脂膜5和送进网2之间接触后,在这样的残留树脂通过辊的360°旋转之前在辊上残留的任何树脂。树脂除去设备优选安装在辊和送进的多孔网处,以致在网与涂覆辊接触以前,使来自与刮板接触的任何树脂直接沉积到多孔网上。
网的树脂浸润通过在涂覆辊4处用压力驱动的流以及在网内的毛细管作用来达到。毛细管作用引起的树脂流入网取决于树脂的粘度和表面张力以及网的孔隙率和网纤维的表面张力。对于传统的玻璃纤维网类型的浸渍来说,可使用这样的树脂配方:其粘度在0.05~0.6Pa·s(0.5~6P)范围内,优选0.1Pa·s(1P),以及树脂表面张力在250~400μN/cm(25~40dyn/cm)范围内,优选320μN/cm(32dyn/cm)。树脂渗入时间在通常条件下为0.1~0.5s。例如网速为65m/min(200ft/min)时,在0.5s内网将移到约0.5m(1.6ft)。
本发明的预浸过程通常可用图2来描述。纤维网43用适合的自动网送进体系42输送到树脂涂覆段44,该体系有控制送进速度和网张力的测量设备。在本专业中网张力控制设备是已知的。例如,解卷辊41可有与前端调节辊组合的闸,它保持拟入处于调节辊和树脂涂覆段之间的牵入单元的预定网张力。同样,可通过使处于加热段下游的可变速定直径辊的速度减速的调节辊来保持适合的下游网张力。
纤维网通过树脂涂覆段44送进,在这里树脂涂覆段表示为竖直取向,但网可相对于竖直方向呈至多45°角,以增加网的浸润。涂覆段44包括树脂输送设备,有树脂与固化体系混合的混合器、将树脂体系保持在所需粘度所需的温控。任选的小直径调理辊可用来促进树脂涂覆后和固化前渗过网。
树脂饱和的网45从树脂涂覆段送进到固化段46,通常为一强制空气加热处理器,其中树脂饱和的网通过暴露在热源如对流炉或红外加热器中加热,使树脂在不胶凝的情况下部分固化,该过程称为“B-staging”。处理段的温度随树脂体系和所需的树脂固化程度变化,通常使至多15%(优选10%,更优选5%)的可固化基团(如环氧基)固化,但通常在80~250℃范围内,优选120~180℃。树脂饱和的网将受到足以达到所需固化程度时间的B-staging处理,通常为10s至8min。网以预浸料件47的形式从树脂固化段46送进,并卷在牵伸辊48上,以便贮存,另一方面可直接送于层压。
通过将一组层状预浸料件进行处理使树脂固化并使预浸料件压在一起成层压结构来制造层压板。层压板可任选有一层或多层导电材料如铜。层压条件通常为时间30min至4hr,优选1~2hr,温度160~300℃,优选170~200℃,压力3.516-35.16kgf/cm2(50~500psi)。层压板可任选在200-230℃,常压下加热1~6hr来“后固化”,以提高热性能。
可用于制作电工层压板的热固性树脂包括环氧树脂、亚胺树脂、氰酸酯树脂、炔丙基醚及其掺混物和反应产物。现在优选的树脂是环氧树脂或单一组分或与三官能和四官能环氧树脂掺混物,这是由于其价格低和固化性能好。此外,可提到EP476752。
含环氧树脂的层压组合物将含有固化剂。已知用于环氧树脂的有效固化剂例如包括胺类、酸类、酸酐类、酚类和咪唑类。也参见EP476752。目前为环氧组合物提供最佳层压性能的优选固化剂为酚官能度大于1.75的酚化合物。优选的酚固化剂是由二羟基酚如间苯二酚或双酚A与甲醛在酸性溶液中反应制得的酚醛清漆。优选的酚醛清漆树脂固化剂为双酚A清漆,其每一酚基重为60~500,优选60~300,每一分子平均大于2个酚羟基,优选3~5个酚羟基。这样的酚清漆可以商品名EPIKURE DX-175(EPIKURE为商标)从Shell International Chemical Company购得。酚清漆固化剂在组合物中的数量应有效使环氧树脂固化,通常每当量环氧树脂有化学计量0.75~1.25当量酚清漆固化剂。按重量百分数,按环氧树脂和固化剂的总重计,固化剂的用量通常为10~70%(重),优选15~50%(重),最优选15~40%(重)。
对于阻燃应用来说,固化剂可为酚醛树脂固化剂和溴化的酚醛固化剂的混合物。溴化的酚醛固化剂可是任何一种在芳环上有至少一个自由酚羟基和一个或多个溴原子的单体或聚合化合物。适合的溴化的酚醛固化剂的例子包括溴化的双酚A清漆、溴化的酚醛清漆、溴化的聚苯醚、溴化的双酚A和溴化的碳酸双酚A酯。按环氧树脂和固化剂的总重计,对提高阻燃性有效的双酚A的用量通常为至多40%(重),通常为10~30%(重)。
为了加快组合物中树脂组分更快固化和/或在更低温度下固化,可使用任选的固化加速剂。在本专业中已知许多适合的加速剂,例如脲类、叔胺类、咪唑类、磷杂环戊二烯类、辛酸酯类和四氟化硼类。现在优选的类是咪唑类如1-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-甲基-4-乙基咪唑和异丙基咪唑。由于其可供性和性能特征,2-甲基咪唑是优选的加速剂。按组合物的重量计,对于提高组合物的固化速度和/或降低固化温度有效的加速剂用量通常为0.01~7%(重),优选0.05~3%(重)。
热固性树脂体系必须设计在树脂涂覆过程参数要求的某些技术要求范围内。树脂配方在树脂涂覆到基材上所需的时间内不使树脂固化的温度下必须是液体。树脂体系必须有足够低的粘度,使网达到良好的浸润或饱和,而不在涂覆点使用托膜辊。但是,一旦树脂体系涂覆到基材上,它就必须有足够高的粘度,使它在含树脂的网达到加热段以前不致从网上滴下。粘度在0.05~1.0Pa·s(0.5~10p)范围内,优选0.05~0.6Pa·s(0.5~6p)的树脂配方是最适合的。目前优选的树脂体系是有WPE为175~190的双酚A的二缩水甘油醚、有WPE为310~350和溴含量30-50%的双酚A的溴化的二缩水甘油醚、酚醛清漆固化剂和2-甲基咪唑加速剂的混合物。
本发明的方法可任选用这样的热固性树脂配方来实施:它含有有机溶剂或稀释剂,其数量可有效降低体系的粘度,以便于加工。极性有机溶剂如酮类、醇类和乙二醇醚是适合的。所选的溶剂的沸点通常低于160℃。对于环氧树脂,优选的溶剂是酮类如丙酮、甲乙酮和甲基异丁基酮,以及它们与亚烷基二醇醚如丙二醇单甲醚的溶剂混合物。在组合物中固体组分的比例可有较大变化,取决于其他组分的数量和组合物的应用,但是在熔剂基体系中的溶剂通常占配方总量的15~50%(重)。
实施例1
该实施例说明通过实施本发明的方法可减少树脂碎屑。在本发明试验中,使用单辊树脂涂覆器,其网接触角为135°。刮板相对于辊和送进的玻璃纤维网安装,以致在网与涂覆辊接触以前,将未吸收的树脂从辊上刮到网上。对比试验用相同的树脂涂覆器进行,不同的是网接触角为125°,集料器放在涂覆辊下方,以收集刮板除去的树脂。
表1说明在不同的涂覆条件下各对比试验的树脂碎屑。本发明树脂涂覆设计的应用得到0碎屑率。
                                    表1
 试验     线速(in/min)     泵(rpm)   树脂总量(g)   树脂碎屑量(g)   碎屑率(%)
  1     200     200     3630     66     1.8
  2     240     200     3025     102     3.4
  3     240     200     3025     194     6.4
  4     240     110     1650     86     5.2
  5     200     200     3630     95     2.6
  6     200     110     1980     218     11
  7     240     200     3025     94     3.1
  8     200     110     1980     123     6.2
  9     240     192     2900     0     0
  10     240     110     1650     0     0
在表中,泵转速分别为110和200转/分,相当于树脂流速大约为660和1210g/min。在表1中,第2列1in/min相当于2.540cm/min。总的树脂量(g)按预浸料件长15.24m(50ft)计算。例如,在试验1中,

Claims (10)

1.一种用热固性树脂浸渍多孔网的方法,该法包括将未固化的液体形式热固性树脂沉积到旋转辊上;使多孔网与辊逆向接触通过,以致使吸收大部分所述的树脂;以及使含树脂的网通过加热段,使树脂部分固化,在该法中,在所述的残留树脂通过所述辊的360°旋转以前,将旋转辊上残留的树脂除去,并在网与旋转辊最初的接触以前,使所述的残留树脂沉积到多孔网上。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中多孔网在旋转辊上的接触弧度在45°~180°范围内。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述的多孔网包括玻璃纤维。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项的方法,其中多孔网以0.127~0.635m/s(25~125ft/min)的速度送进到所述的旋转辊。
5.根据权利要求2的方法,其中多孔网在旋转辊上的接触弧度在90°~150°范围内。
6.根据权利要求1~5中的任一项的方法,其中将旋转辊保持在50~250℃的温度范围内。
7.根据权利要求2的方法,其中多孔网在旋转辊上的接触弧度在120°~150°范围内。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项的方法,其中通过残留的树脂与刮板接触,使残留树脂从旋转辊上除去。
9.根据权利要求1~8中任一项的方法,其中热固性树脂是环氧树脂。
10.一种用热固性树脂浸渍多孔网的装置,该装置包括:
包括树脂涂覆辊的树脂涂覆设备;
控制树脂涂覆辊的旋转速度的设备;
导向设备,它被安装得使多孔网以45-180度的接触角α弧度送向树脂涂覆辊并确保送进网的位置以便接收用刮板从辊上除去的任何未吸收的树脂;
含树脂室的树脂输送设备和将液体形式树脂沉积到所述的涂覆辊表面上的设备;
以受控的速率和网张力,并与涂覆辊表面的方向逆向送进多孔网到涂覆辊表面并与沉积在上的热固性树脂接触的设备;
在多孔网中保持足够的张力以确保多孔网从涂覆辊的表面吸收热固性树脂的设备;以及
在多孔网与载有热固性树脂的涂覆辊表面之间接触以后从涂覆辊表面除去残留树脂的设备,除去残留树脂的设备和多孔网按这样的方式排列,使所述的残留树脂在网与涂覆辊表面的最初接触以前沉积在多孔网上。
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