CN105384450A - 硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法 - Google Patents
硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法,以碳化硅颗粒为基体,以二氧化硅溶胶及氧化铝溶胶为粘结剂,依次进行以下步骤:1)、将碳化硅颗粒、二氧化硅溶胶及氧化铝溶胶均匀混合,得混合物;所述二氧化硅溶胶的固相质量含量为30%~70%,所述氧化铝溶胶的固相质量含量为10%~40%;2)、将混合物困料22~26小时后成型,成型压力120~160Mpa;再将成型后的所得物于40~60℃的环境中干燥10~14小时,然后再于1450~1700℃烧制72~96h,得到硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种耐火材料的制备方法,具体的说,是一种硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法。
背景技术
窑具是指在高温过程中,由耐火材料制成,对产品起支撑、隔离、保护作用的器具,包括匣钵、推板、棚板等。窑具性能对产品的最终性能优劣有着重要的影响。考虑到高温窑具的工作环境等问题,合格的窑具必须符合以下条件:良好的高温力学性能、高温下化学稳定性、耐火及抗热震性能。现代工业使用的窑具一般为合成材料陶瓷窑具,通常有SiC、莫来石、刚玉、堇青石等多种耐火材料。
目前碳化硅材料已成为广为使用的非氧化物陶瓷材料。碳化硅是一种典型的共价键结合的化合物。碳化硅陶瓷是一种高温结构材料,不仅具有高强度和硬度,还具有高温热稳定性、耐磨耐、耐酸碱腐蚀性、抗热震性好、低膨胀系数、高热传导性、抗蠕变以及抗氧化性能好等优点。随着碳化硅粉体的制备技术和陶瓷常压致密化烧结工艺的进步,碳化硅陶瓷工业迅速发展,碳化硅陶瓷材料已经广泛地应用于机械、冶金、石油化工、航空、电子等工业领域以及国防工业。
此外,与其它陶瓷一样碳化硅陶瓷属于脆性材料,其室温强度低、断裂韧性低。碳化硅陶瓷窑具的进一步机械强化也始终是窑具的一个重要研究方向,常用的强化方式主要包括颗粒增韧、相变增韧、晶须增韧等。通常的处理方法是在基体中引入纳米颗粒,由此产生的残余应力场增韧、微裂纹增韧、裂纹弯曲、裂纹偏转、裂纹分岔、裂纹桥连与裂纹钉扎等效应使得陶瓷基体韧性变佳。CN101857448A公开了二氧化钛溶胶增强刚玉莫来石窑具的方法。CN103787685A介绍了碳化硅晶须增韧碳化硅制品的方法。但采用胶体纳米颗粒对碳化硅陶瓷增韧还没有报道。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法,本发明引入了硅铝溶胶从而进一步提高碳化硅的力学性能和抗热震性能。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法,以碳化硅颗粒为基体,以二氧化硅溶胶及氧化铝溶胶为粘结剂,依次进行以下步骤:
1)、将碳化硅颗粒、二氧化硅溶胶及氧化铝溶胶均匀混合,得混合物;
所述二氧化硅溶胶的固相质量含量为30%~70%(较佳为40~60%),所述氧化铝溶胶的固相质量含量为10%~40%(较佳为10~35%);
所述二氧化硅溶胶与碳化硅颗粒的质量比为0.1%~0.5%(较佳为0.15~0.46%),氧化铝溶胶与碳化硅颗粒的质量0.5%~3.5%(较佳为0.92~2.6%);
2)、将混合物困料(即,室温下放置)22~26小时(例如为24小时)后成型,成型压力120~160Mpa;再将成型后的所得物于40~60℃的环境中干燥10~14小时(例如为12小时),然后再于1450~1700℃(较佳为1450~1650℃)烧制72~96h,得到硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具(制品)。
备注说明:在本发明中,二氧化硅溶胶及氧化铝溶胶的组合称为硅铝溶胶。
作为本发明的硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法的改进:所述碳化硅颗粒的粒径为1~2mm。
作为本发明的硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法的进一步改进:所述步骤1)中,碳化硅颗粒、二氧化硅溶胶及氧化铝溶胶在混料机中湿混0.5~2小时,从而实现均匀混合。
本发明的优点是利用硅铝溶胶在碳化硅基体中均匀分布,一方面可以起到粘结剂等作用从而促进碳化硅陶瓷的成型和烧结,另一方面,硅铝溶胶可转化为硅铝凝胶,并在烧结过程中,能在碳化硅基体中原位形成针状的莫来石,从而改善碳化硅陶瓷力学性能和抗氧化性能(主要跟抗热震性能有关)。综上所述,本发明引入了硅铝溶胶从而进一步提高碳化硅的韧性、耐压强度、抗折强度和抗热震性能。
具体实施方式
实施例1、一种硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法,以粒径为1~2mm碳化硅颗粒为基体,以固相质量含量为50%的二氧化硅溶胶和固相质量含量为20%的氧化铝溶胶为粘结剂;其中二氧化硅溶胶质量为碳化硅基体质量的0.15%,氧化铝溶胶质量为碳化硅基体质量的0.92%;其工艺步骤如下:
1)按上述比例将碳化硅颗粒及硅铝溶胶(即,二氧化硅溶胶及氧化铝溶胶)在混料机中湿混1小时,得到混合物;
2)将混合物困料24小时后成型,成型压力120MPa。再将成型后的样品放在40℃环境中干燥12小时,然后在1450℃烧制4天(96h),得到硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具(以下简称制品)。
备注说明:该制品具体尺寸为5厘米×5厘米×20厘米。其体积密度2.5~2.7g/cm3,气孔率10~12%,最大弯曲力6~10kN,抗折强度20~30MPa;抗热震性能(1100℃×20min,空冷)超过30次。
实施例2、一种硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法,由尺寸为1~2mm碳化硅颗粒为基体,以固相质量含量为60%的二氧化硅溶胶和固相质量含量为35%的氧化铝溶胶为粘结剂;二氧化硅溶胶质量为碳化硅基体质量的0.31%,氧化铝溶胶质量为碳化硅基体质量的1.70%;其工艺步骤如下:
1)、按上述比例将碳化硅颗粒及硅铝溶胶在混料机中湿混2小时,得到混合物;
2)、将混合物困料24小时后成型(形状尺寸同实施例1),成型压力160MPa。再将成型后的样品放在60℃环境中干燥12小时,然后在下1600℃烧制3天(72h),得到制品。
该制品具体尺寸为5厘米×5厘米×20厘米。其体积密度2.6~2.7g/cm3,气孔率12~15%,最大弯曲力8~10kN,抗折强度30~40MPa;抗热震性能(1100℃×20min,空冷)超过40次。
实施例3、一种硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法,由尺寸为1~2mm碳化硅颗粒为基体,以固相质量含量为40%的二氧化硅溶胶和固相质量含量为10%的氧化铝溶胶为粘结剂;二氧化硅溶胶质量为碳化硅基体质量的0.46%,氧化铝溶胶质量为碳化硅基体质量的2.60%;其工艺步骤如下:
1)、按上述比例将碳化硅颗粒及硅铝溶胶在混料机中湿混1.5小时,得到混合物;
2)、将混合物困料24小时后成型(形状尺寸同实施例1),成型压力140MPa。再将成型后的样品放在50℃环境中干燥12小时,然后在下1500℃烧制3天,得到制品。
该制品具体尺寸为5厘米×5厘米×20厘米。其体积密度2.6~2.7g/cm3,气孔率10~11%,最大弯曲力10~12kN,抗折强度35~45MPa;抗热震性能(1100℃×20min,空冷)超过40次。
实施例4、一种硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法,由尺寸为1~2mm碳化硅颗粒为基体,以固相质量含量为50%的二氧化硅溶胶和固相质量含量为30%的氧化铝溶胶为粘结剂;二氧化硅溶胶质量为碳化硅基体质量的0.15%,氧化铝溶胶质量为碳化硅基体质量的0.92%;其工艺步骤如下:
1)按上述比例将碳化硅颗粒及硅铝溶胶在混料机中湿混2小时,得到混合物;
2)将混合物困料24小时后成型(形状尺寸同实施例1),成型压力130MPa。再将成型后的样品放在50℃环境中干燥12小时,然后在下1650℃烧制4天,得到制品。
该制品具体尺寸为5厘米×5厘米×20厘米。其体积密度2.5~2.7g/cm3,气孔率11~13%,最大弯曲力7~10kN,抗折强度25~40MPa;抗热震性能(1100℃×20min,空冷)超过35次。
对比例1-1、取消实施例3中的“固相质量含量为10%的氧化铝溶胶”的使用,其余等同于实施例3。
对比例1-2、取消实施例3中的“固相质量含量为10%的氧化铝溶胶”的使用,且,将二氧化硅溶胶与碳化硅基体的质量比由0.46%改成1.11%。其余同实施例3。
对比例1-3、将实施例3中的“氧化铝溶胶”改成“氧化锆溶胶”,固相含量不变,其余等同于实施例3。
对比例1-4、将实施例3中的“氧化铝溶胶”改成“氧化锌溶胶”,固相含量不变,其余等同于实施例3。
对比例2-1、取消实施例3中的“固相质量含量为40%的二氧化硅溶胶”的使用,其余等同于实施例3。
对比例2-1、取消实施例3中的“固相质量含量为40%的二氧化硅溶胶”的使用,且将氧化铝溶胶与碳化硅基体的质量比由2.60%改成4.44%;其余等同于实施例3。
对比例2-3、将实施例3中的二氧化硅溶胶改成二氧化钛溶胶,固相含量不变,其余等同于实施例3。
对比例3-1、将实施例3中二氧化硅溶胶与碳化硅基体的质量比由0.46%改成1%;其余等同于实施例3。
对比例3-2、将实施例3中氧化铝溶胶与碳化硅基体的质量比由2.60%改成15%,其余等同于实施例3。
上述所有对比例与实施例3所得制品的性能数据的对比,如下表1所述:
表1
最大弯曲力(kN) | 抗折强度(MPa) | 抗热震性能(1100℃×20min,空冷) | |
实施例3 | 10-12 | 35-45 | 超过40次 |
对比例1-1 | 5-7 | 20-30 | 不超过25次 |
对比例1-2 | 7-10 | 28-35 | 不超过30次 |
对比例1-3 | 7-9 | 30-35 | 不超过35次 |
对比例1-4 | 7-9 | 30-35 | 不超过35次 |
对比例2-1 | 6-8 | 20-30 | 不超过25 |
对比例2-2 | 7-8 | 25-30 | 不超过30次 |
对比例2-3 | 7-9 | 25-35 | 不超过35次 |
对比例3-1 | 7-9 | 25-35 | 不超过35次 |
对比例3-2 | 6-8 | 20-25 | 不超过25次 |
最后,还需要注意的是,以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法,其特征是:以碳化硅颗粒为基体,以二氧化硅溶胶及氧化铝溶胶为粘结剂,依次进行以下步骤:
1)、将碳化硅颗粒、二氧化硅溶胶及氧化铝溶胶均匀混合,得混合物;
所述二氧化硅溶胶的固相质量含量为30%~70%,所述氧化铝溶胶的固相质量含量为10%~40%;
所述二氧化硅溶胶与碳化硅颗粒的质量比为0.1%~0.5%,氧化铝溶胶与碳化硅颗粒的质量比为0.5%~3.5%;
2)、将混合物困料22~26小时后成型,成型压力120~160Mpa;再将成型后的所得物于40~60℃的环境中干燥10~14小时,然后再于1450~1700℃烧制72~96h,得到硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法,其特征在于:所述碳化硅颗粒的粒径为1~2mm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)中,碳化硅颗粒、二氧化硅溶胶及氧化铝溶胶在混料机中湿混0.5~2小时,从而实现均匀混合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的硅铝溶胶增强碳化硅窑具的生产方法,其特征在于:以尺寸为1~2mm碳化硅颗粒为基体,以固相质量含量为40%的二氧化硅溶胶和固相质量含量为10%的氧化铝溶胶为粘结剂;二氧化硅溶胶质量为碳化硅基体质量的0.46%,氧化铝溶胶质量为碳化硅基体质量的2.60%;烧制温度1500℃,烧制时间72h。
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