WO2021035900A1 - 一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021035900A1
WO2021035900A1 PCT/CN2019/111563 CN2019111563W WO2021035900A1 WO 2021035900 A1 WO2021035900 A1 WO 2021035900A1 CN 2019111563 W CN2019111563 W CN 2019111563W WO 2021035900 A1 WO2021035900 A1 WO 2021035900A1
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parts
resistant material
wear
sintering
powder
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French (fr)
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颜晓磊
万正喜
许�鹏
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湖南长重机器股份有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of wear-resistant materials, in particular to a metal ceramic wear-resistant material and a preparation method thereof.
  • Abrasion is one of the most basic types of failure of prefabricated parts. It currently exists in many industries such as metallurgy, mining, thermal power, machinery, cement, coal mines, etc. This causes a huge waste of raw materials and a huge consumption of energy. It can be seen that improving the wear resistance of mechanical equipment and parts can effectively reduce energy consumption and increase labor productivity. It is particularly important to develop wear-resistant materials with excellent performance.
  • common wear-resistant materials include metal materials and ceramic materials. Wear-resistant parts made of metal materials have good toughness and plasticity and can withstand impact, but have low hardness and poor wear resistance. Although ceramic materials have high hardness and excellent wear resistance, they have poor toughness and are fragile. If the two are combined to make a composite material, the advantages of the two can be fully utilized to achieve the purpose of both wear resistance and impact resistance.
  • the common cermet materials in the prior art use ceramic particles as aggregates, alloy powder or base metal powder as fillers, select a suitable binder, press molding, make a prefabricated block, and dry it.
  • This kind of preform is easily brittle and peeled off by bonding and forming with adhesive. Poor pore uniformity.
  • the base metal liquid is cast, the base metal liquid does not penetrate thoroughly and uniformly, and the adhesion between the ceramic particles and the base metal liquid is poor, resulting in poor wear resistance and poor impact resistance.
  • the alloy powder is expensive, leading to high manufacturing costs.
  • metal-ceramic wear-resistant materials in the prior art generally exist when sintering, metal and ceramic particles cannot be sufficiently mixed, and the metal phase and ceramic phase of the wear-resistant material are unevenly distributed, resulting in large differences in wear resistance. Defects.
  • the Chinese invention patent with application publication number CN101024556A discloses a metal-ceramic wear-resistant composite material and a preparation method.
  • the patent uses a metal wear-resistant plate as a matrix, drills holes in the steel plate, and inserts the wear-resistant ceramic material in the steel plate hole.
  • the gap between the ceramic and the substrate is filled with organic or inorganic glue as an adhesive.
  • This ceramic and metal composite method uses bonding technology, has low bonding strength, is not suitable for high-temperature environments, and the bonding agent is easy to age, which makes the ceramic material easy to fall off, causing wear-resistant parts to fail.
  • the present invention aims to provide a cermet wear-resistant material with low preparation cost, high toughness, high wear resistance, high temperature resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, and long service life.
  • the cermet material is organically combined
  • the toughness and bending resistance of the metal and the high hardness, high wear resistance and oxidation resistance of the ceramic are excellent in comprehensive performance; at the same time, the present invention also provides a preparation method of the cermet material.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material composed of the following components by weight: 20-30 parts of boron nitride, 25-35 parts of chromium carbide, and 5-10 parts of scandium nitride , 5-10 parts of molybdenum nitride, 8-10 parts of niobium boride, 8-10 parts of titanium silicide, 4-6 parts of boron silicide, 1-3 parts of carbon fiber, 1-4 parts of amino montmorillonite, cerium powder 1- 5 parts, 1-3 parts of strontium powder, 3-6 parts of zirconium powder.
  • the preparation method of the cermet wear-resistant material includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Take boron nitride, chromium carbide, scandium nitride, molybdenum nitride, niobium boride, titanium silicide, boron silicide, carbon fiber and amino montmorillonite according to the proportion by weight, and mix them evenly to obtain a mixture, and then The mixture and ball milling media are put into a ball mill for ball milling, and then dried and sieved in sequence to obtain ball abrasives;
  • Step S2 Take cerium powder, strontium powder and zirconium powder in a proportion by weight, mix them uniformly, and ball mill to a particle size not greater than 3 ⁇ m to obtain a metal mixed powder;
  • Step S3 Mix the ball abrasive made in step S1 and the metal mixed powder made in step S2 uniformly, and then add it to the mold, press it into a semi-dry pressing method, and then put it in a drying furnace. Dry to constant weight at -160°C to obtain embryo body;
  • Step S4 Send the embryo body produced in step S3 into a high-temperature hot pressing furnace for sintering, and then cool to room temperature after sintering to obtain a cermet wear-resistant material.
  • the ball milling medium in step S1 is one of absolute ethanol, gasoline, acetone, ethane, carbon tetrachloride or benzene; the grinding balls used in the ball mill are cemented carbide balls, steel balls or Any of the steel jade balls; the ball-to-battery ratio is (3-8):1.
  • the drying in step S1 is to use a blast drying oven to dry the ball abrasive, the drying temperature is 90-110° C., and the time is 18-24 hours.
  • the mesh number of the sieving screen in step S1 is 20-80 mesh.
  • the pressure of the compression molding in step S3 is 80-120 MPa.
  • the sintering in step S4 is any one of vacuum sintering, hot pressing sintering, hot isostatic pressing sintering or microwave sintering.
  • the sintering in step S4 is specifically: the first stage, the temperature is raised to 1100-1300°C, and the temperature is kept for 2-4 hours; the second stage, the temperature is raised to 1550-1650°C, and the temperature is kept for 0.5-2h; the third stage, After being cooled to room temperature with the furnace, a cermet wear-resistant material is obtained.
  • the preparation method of a cermet wear-resistant material provided by the present invention is simple and easy to operate, easy to operate, high production efficiency and finished product qualification rate, low preparation cost, suitable for large-scale production, and has high economic and social value And ecological value.
  • the cermet wear-resistant material provided by the present invention overcomes the compatibility problems of traditional cermet wear-resistant materials due to the compatibility between metal materials and ceramic materials, which are prone to brittle cracks, peeling, and poor pore uniformity.
  • the base metal liquid is incomplete and uneven, the ceramic particles and the base metal liquid have poor adhesion, resulting in poor wear resistance, poor impact resistance, and uneven distribution of metal and ceramic phases. Defects that cause large differences in wear resistance, low cost of preparation, high toughness and high wear resistance, excellent high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, long service life, organic combination of metal toughness, bending resistance and high hardness of ceramics, The advantages of high wear resistance and oxidation resistance, and excellent comprehensive performance.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material provided by the present invention in which carbon fiber is added, effectively improves the wear resistance of the material, and it can be used as a carbon source to carburize in the sintering stage of the material, and the carburizing effect is good.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material provided by the present invention, including boron nitride, chromium carbide, scandium nitride, molybdenum nitride, niobium boride, titanium silicide, boron silicide, carbon fiber, amino montmorillonite, cerium powder,
  • strontium powder and zirconium powder and the synergistic effect can effectively reduce the cost of material preparation, increase the hardness and strength of the alloy, and improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the material.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material provided by the present invention is added with boron, carbon and silicon materials at the same time, combined with rare earth element modification, which significantly improves the strength and toughness of the prepared cermet wear-resistant material, which is practical It is more flexible and has a wider scope of application.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material is composed of the following components by weight: 20 parts of boron nitride, 25 parts of chromium carbide, 5 parts of scandium nitride, 5 parts of molybdenum nitride, 8 parts of niobium boride, and silicidation 8 parts of titanium, 4 parts of boron silicide, 1 part of carbon fiber, 1 part of amino montmorillonite, 1 part of cerium powder, 1 part of strontium powder, 3 parts of zirconium powder.
  • the preparation method of the cermet wear-resistant material includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Take boron nitride, chromium carbide, scandium nitride, molybdenum nitride, niobium boride, titanium silicide, boron silicide, carbon fiber and amino montmorillonite according to the proportion by weight, and mix them evenly to obtain a mixture, and then The mixture and the ball milling medium are put into a ball mill for ball milling, and then are dried and sieved in sequence to obtain ball abrasives; the ball milling medium is anhydrous ethanol; the grinding balls used in the ball mill are cemented carbide balls; the ball-to-material ratio The drying ratio is 3:1; the drying is to use a blast drying box to dry the ball abrasive, the drying temperature is 90°C, and the time is 18 hours; the mesh number of the sieve is 20 meshes;
  • Step S2 Take cerium powder, strontium powder and zirconium powder in a proportion by weight, mix them uniformly, and ball mill to a particle size not greater than 3 ⁇ m to obtain a metal mixed powder;
  • Step S3 Mix the ball abrasive made in step S1 and the metal mixed powder made in step S2 uniformly, and then add it to the mold, press it into a semi-dry pressing method, and then put it in a drying furnace. Dry to a constant weight at °C to obtain the embryo body; the pressure of the compression molding is 80 MPa;
  • Step S4 Send the green body produced in step S3 into a high-temperature hot pressing furnace for sintering, and then cool to room temperature after sintering to obtain a cermet wear-resistant material;
  • the sintering is vacuum sintering, and the sintering is specifically: In the first stage, the temperature is raised to 1100°C for 2 hours; in the second stage, the temperature is raised to 1550°C and the temperature is maintained for 0.5 hours; the third stage, the furnace is cooled to room temperature to obtain the cermet wear-resistant material.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material is composed of the following components by weight: 23 parts of boron nitride, 27 parts of chromium carbide, 6.5 parts of scandium nitride, 6.5 parts of molybdenum nitride, 8.5 parts of niobium boride, and silicidation 8.5 parts of titanium, 4.5 parts of boron silicide, 1.5 parts of carbon fiber, 2 parts of amino montmorillonite, 2 parts of cerium powder, 1.5 parts of strontium powder, 4 parts of zirconium powder.
  • the preparation method of the cermet wear-resistant material includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Take boron nitride, chromium carbide, scandium nitride, molybdenum nitride, niobium boride, titanium silicide, boron silicide, carbon fiber and amino montmorillonite according to the proportion by weight, and mix them evenly to obtain a mixture, and then The mixture and the ball milling medium are put into a ball mill for ball milling, and then are dried and sieved in sequence to obtain ball abrasives; the ball milling medium is gasoline; the grinding balls used in the ball mill are steel balls; the ball-to-material ratio is 4:1 The drying is to use a blast drying box to dry the ball abrasive, the drying temperature is 95 ° C, the time is 19 hours; the mesh number of the sieve is 40 mesh;
  • Step S2 Take cerium powder, strontium powder and zirconium powder in a proportion by weight, mix them uniformly, and ball mill to a particle size not greater than 3 ⁇ m to obtain a metal mixed powder;
  • Step S3 Mix the ball abrasive made in step S1 and the metal mixed powder made in step S2 uniformly, and then add it to the mold, press the semi-dry press molding method, and then put it in the drying furnace. Dry to a constant weight at °C to obtain the embryo body; the pressure of the compression molding is 90 MPa;
  • Step S4 Send the embryo body produced in step S3 into a high-temperature hot pressing furnace for sintering, and then cool to room temperature after sintering to obtain a cermet wear-resistant material; the sintering is hot pressing sintering; the sintering is specifically: In the first stage, the temperature is raised to 1150°C for 2.5h; in the second stage, the temperature is raised to 1580°C and the temperature is kept for 0.9h; in the third stage, it is cooled to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the cermet wear-resistant material.
  • a wear-resistant cermet material is composed of the following parts by weight: 25 parts of boron nitride, 30 parts of chromium carbide, 7.5 parts of scandium nitride, 7 parts of molybdenum nitride, 9 parts of niobium boride, and silicidation 9 parts of titanium, 5 parts of boron silicide, 2 parts of carbon fiber, 2.5 parts of amino montmorillonite, 3.5 parts of cerium powder, 2 parts of strontium powder, 4.5 parts of zirconium powder.
  • the preparation method of the cermet wear-resistant material includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Take boron nitride, chromium carbide, scandium nitride, molybdenum nitride, niobium boride, titanium silicide, boron silicide, carbon fiber and amino montmorillonite according to the proportion by weight, and mix them evenly to obtain a mixture, and then The mixture and the ball milling medium are put into a ball mill for ball milling, followed by drying and sieving to obtain ball abrasives; the ball milling medium is acetone; the grinding balls used in the ball mill are steel jade balls; the ball-to-material ratio is 5: 1; The drying is to use a blast drying oven to dry the ball abrasive, the drying temperature is 100° C., and the time is 20 hours; the mesh number of the sieving screen is 50 mesh.
  • Step S2 Take cerium powder, strontium powder and zirconium powder in a proportion by weight, mix them uniformly, and ball mill to a particle size not greater than 3 ⁇ m to obtain a metal mixed powder;
  • Step S3 Mix the ball abrasive made in step S1 and the metal mixed powder made in step S2 uniformly, and then add it to the mold, press it into a semi-dry pressing method, and then put it in a drying furnace. Dry to a constant weight at °C to obtain the embryo body; the pressure of the compression molding is 100 MPa;
  • Step S4 Send the green body produced in step S3 to a high-temperature hot pressing furnace for sintering, and then cool to room temperature after sintering to obtain a cermet wear-resistant material; the sintering is hot isostatic pressing sintering; the sintering is specifically In the first stage, the temperature is raised to 1200°C and the temperature is kept for 3 hours; the second stage is the temperature is raised to 1600°C and the temperature is kept for 1.2 hours; and the third stage is the furnace is cooled to room temperature to obtain the cermet wear-resistant material.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material is composed of the following components by weight: 28 parts of boron nitride, 33 parts of chromium carbide, 9 parts of scandium nitride, 9 parts of molybdenum nitride, 9.5 parts of niobium boride, silicidation 9.5 parts of titanium, 5.5 parts of boron silicide, 2.5 parts of carbon fiber, 3.5 parts of amino montmorillonite, 4 parts of cerium powder, 2.5 parts of strontium powder, and 5 parts of zirconium powder.
  • the preparation method of the cermet wear-resistant material includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Take boron nitride, chromium carbide, scandium nitride, molybdenum nitride, niobium boride, titanium silicide, boron silicide, carbon fiber and amino montmorillonite according to the proportion by weight, and mix them evenly to obtain a mixture, and then The mixture and the ball milling medium are put into a ball mill for ball milling, and then are dried and sieved to obtain ball abrasives; the ball milling medium is ethane; the grinding balls used in the ball mill are cemented carbide balls; the ball-to-material ratio is 7:1; The drying is to use a blast drying box to dry the ball abrasive, the drying temperature is 105°C, and the time is 23 hours; the mesh number of the sieve is 70 meshes;
  • Step S2 Take cerium powder, strontium powder and zirconium powder in a proportion by weight, mix them uniformly, and ball mill to a particle size not greater than 3 ⁇ m to obtain a metal mixed powder;
  • Step S3 Mix the ball abrasive made in step S1 and the metal mixed powder made in step S2 uniformly, and then add it to the mold, press it into a semi-dry pressing method, and then put it in a drying furnace. Dry to a constant weight at °C to obtain the embryo body; the pressure of the compression molding is 110 MPa;
  • Step S4 Send the embryo body produced in step S3 into a high-temperature hot pressing furnace for sintering, and then cool to room temperature after sintering to obtain a cermet wear-resistant material;
  • the sintering is microwave sintering;
  • the sintering is specifically: In the first stage, the temperature is raised to 1250°C for 3.5 hours; in the second stage, the temperature is raised to 1630°C and the temperature is maintained for 1.8 hours; in the third stage, the furnace is cooled to room temperature to obtain the cermet wear-resistant material.
  • a wear-resistant cermet material is composed of the following components by weight: 30 parts of boron nitride, 35 parts of chromium carbide, 10 parts of scandium nitride, 10 parts of molybdenum nitride, 10 parts of niobium boride, and silicidation 10 parts of titanium, 6 parts of boron silicide, 3 parts of carbon fiber, 4 parts of amino montmorillonite, 5 parts of cerium powder, 3 parts of strontium powder, and 6 parts of zirconium powder.
  • the preparation method of the cermet wear-resistant material includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Take boron nitride, chromium carbide, scandium nitride, molybdenum nitride, niobium boride, titanium silicide, boron silicide, carbon fiber and amino montmorillonite according to the proportion by weight, and mix them evenly to obtain a mixture, and then The mixture and ball milling media are put into a ball mill for ball milling, and then dried and sieved in sequence to obtain ball abrasives; the ball milling medium is carbon tetrachloride; the grinding balls used in the ball mill are steel balls; the ball-to-material ratio is 8:1; The drying is to use a blast drying box to dry the ball abrasive, the drying temperature is 110°C, and the time is 24 hours; the mesh number of the sieve is 80 meshes;
  • Step S2 Take cerium powder, strontium powder and zirconium powder in a proportion by weight, mix them uniformly, and ball mill to a particle size not greater than 3 ⁇ m to obtain a metal mixed powder;
  • Step S3 Mix the ball abrasive made in step S1 and the metal mixed powder made in step S2 uniformly, and then add it to the mold, press it into a semi-dry pressing method, and then put it in a drying furnace. Dry to a constant weight at °C to obtain the embryo body; the pressure of the compression molding is 120 MPa;
  • Step S4 Send the green body produced in step S3 into a high-temperature hot pressing furnace for sintering, and then cool to room temperature after sintering to obtain a cermet wear-resistant material; the sintering is vacuum sintering; and the sintering is specifically: In the first stage, the temperature is raised to 1300°C for 4 hours; in the second stage, the temperature is raised to 1650°C and kept for 2 hours; in the third stage, the furnace is cooled to room temperature to obtain the cermet wear-resistant material.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material, and its preparation method and formula are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that boron nitride is not added.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material, and its preparation method and formula are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that scandium nitride is not added.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material, and its preparation method and formula are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that niobium boride is not added.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material, and its preparation method and formula are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that boron silicide is not added.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material, its preparation method and formula are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that no carbon fiber is added.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material, its preparation method and formula are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that the amino montmorillonite is not added.
  • a cermet wear-resistant material, and its preparation method and formula are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that strontium powder is not added.
  • the cermet wear-resistant material disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention has more excellent mechanical properties, hardness and wear resistance than the comparative example, which is the result of the synergistic effect of each component.

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Abstract

一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其特征在于，是由如下重量份的各组分所构成：氮化硼20-30份、碳化铬25-35份、氮化钪5-10份、氮化钼5-10份、硼化铌8-10份、硅化钛8-10份、硅化硼4-6份、碳纤维1-3份、氨基蒙脱土1-4份、铈粉1-5份、锶粉1-3份、锆粉3-6份。还公开了所述金属陶瓷耐磨材料的制备方法。

Description

一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及耐磨材料技术领域，具体涉及一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着科技水平和现代工业的发展，人们对材料的耐磨性要求越来越高。磨损是预制件产生失效的一种最基本的类型，目前普遍存在于冶金，矿山、火电、机械、水泥、煤矿等许多行业，这造成了原材料的极大浪费和能源的巨大的消耗。可见提高机械设备及零部件的耐磨性能，可以有效减少能源的消耗，也可以提高劳动生产率，发展性能优异的耐磨材料显得尤为重要。
目前，常见的耐磨材料材质包括金属材料和陶瓷材料。用金属材料制作的耐磨件韧塑性好，能够承受冲击，但硬度较低，耐磨性较差。陶瓷材料虽然硬度高，耐磨性能优良，但韧性差，易碎。如果把两者结合起来制成复合材料，可以充分发挥两者各自的优点，达到既耐磨，又抗冲击的目的。
现有技术中常见的金属陶瓷材料是以陶瓷颗粒为骨料，合金粉末或基体金属粉末为填充剂，选择合适的粘结剂，压制成型，制成预制块，烘干。这种预制体是靠粘接剂粘接成型易脆裂、易剥落。孔隙均匀性差，在浇铸基体金属液时，基体金属液渗透不透彻，不均匀，陶瓷颗粒和基体金属液的粘接性较差，从而导致耐磨性能较差，抗冲击性能差。其次，合金粉末价格昂贵，导致制造成本高。另外，现有技术中的金属陶瓷耐磨材料还普遍存在在烧结时，金属与陶瓷颗粒不能充分的混匀，耐磨材料的金属相和陶瓷相分布不均，导致耐磨性产生较大差异的缺陷。
申请公开号为CN101024556A的中国发明专利公开了一种金属陶瓷耐磨复合材料及制备方法，该专利以金属耐磨板为基体，在钢板上凿孔，将耐磨陶瓷材料镶嵌在钢板孔内，陶瓷和基体之间的间隙用有机或者无机胶做粘接剂填充。这种陶瓷与金属的复合方法采用粘接技术，结合强度低，不适于高温环境，粘接剂容易老化，使得陶瓷材料容易脱落，造成耐磨件失效。
因此，开发一种成本低，质量好，高韧高耐磨，耐腐蚀性优异，使用寿命长的金属陶瓷耐磨材料具有非常重要的意义。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的缺陷，本发明旨在提供一种制备成本低廉，高韧高耐磨，耐高温、耐腐蚀性优异，使用寿命长的金属陶瓷耐磨材料，该金属陶瓷材料有机结合了金属的韧性、抗弯性和陶瓷的高硬度、高耐磨和抗氧化性能，综合性能优异；同时本发明还提供了一种所述金属陶瓷材料的制备方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，是由如下重量份的各组分所构成：氮化硼20-30份、碳化铬25-35份、氮化钪5-10份、氮化钼5-10份、硼化铌8-10份、硅化钛8-10份、硅化硼4-6份、碳纤维1-3份、氨基蒙脱土1-4份、铈粉1-5份、锶粉1-3份、锆粉3-6份。
进一步地，所述金属陶瓷耐磨材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：按重量份配比取氮化硼、碳化铬、氮化钪、氮化钼、硼化铌、硅化钛、硅化硼、碳纤维和氨基蒙脱土，混合均匀，得到混合料，再将混合料与球磨介质放入球磨机中进行球磨，后依次经过干燥、过筛，得到球磨料；
步骤S2：按重量份配比取铈粉、锶粉和锆粉，混合均匀，球磨至粒径不大于3μm，得到金属混合粉；
步骤S3：将经过步骤S1制成的球磨料、经过步骤S2制成的金属混合粉混合均匀，后加入到模具中，采用半干压成型法压制成型，后放入烘干炉中，在110-160℃下干燥至恒重，得到胚体；
步骤S4：将经过步骤S3制成的胚体送入高温热压炉中进行烧结，烧结后冷却至室温，得到金属陶瓷耐磨材料。
进一步地，步骤S1中所述球磨介质为无水乙醇、汽油、丙酮、乙烷、四氯化碳或苯中的一种；所述球磨机中采用的磨球为硬质合金球、钢球或钢玉球中的任意一种；球料比为(3-8):1。
较佳地，步骤S1中所述干燥是采用鼓风干燥箱烘干球磨料，干燥温度为90-110℃，时间为18-24小时。
较佳地，步骤S1中所述过筛的筛网目数为20-80目。
较佳地，步骤S3中所述压制成型的压力为80-120MPa。
较佳地，步骤S4中所述烧结为真空烧结、热压烧结、热等静压烧结或微波烧结中的任意一种。
较佳地，步骤S4中所述烧结，具体为：第一阶段，升温至1100-1300℃，保温 2-4h；第二阶段，升温至1550-1650℃，保温0.5-2h；第三阶段，随炉冷却至室温，得金属陶瓷耐磨材料。
采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于：
(1)本发明提供的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料的制备方法简单易行，操作方便，生产效率和成品合格率高，制备成本低廉，适合大规模生产，具有较高的经济价值、社会价值和生态价值。
(2)本发明提供的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，克服了传统金属陶瓷耐磨材料由于金属材料和陶瓷材料之间的相容性问题，易出现脆裂、剥落，孔隙均匀性差，在浇铸基体金属液时，基体金属液渗透不透彻，不均匀，陶瓷颗粒和基体金属液的粘接性较差，从而导致耐磨性能较差，抗冲击性能差，金属相和陶瓷相分布不均，导致耐磨性产生较大差异的缺陷，具有制备成本低廉，高韧高耐磨，耐高温、耐腐蚀性优异，使用寿命长，有机结合了金属的韧性、抗弯性和陶瓷的高硬度、高耐磨和抗氧化性能，综合性能优异的优点。
(3)本发明提供的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，在其中添加碳纤维，有效改善了材料的耐磨性，且其可作为碳源，在材料烧结阶段渗碳，渗碳效果好，渗碳效率高；添加氨基蒙脱土，且添加铈粉、锶粉和锆粉这些合金元素，除了有利于改善材料硬度和耐磨性外，还有利于改善陶瓷材料与金属材料之间的润湿性能，提高二者之间的相容性，降低发生相分离的概率，延长材料使用寿命。
(4)本发明提供的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，氮化硼、碳化铬、氮化钪、氮化钼、硼化铌、硅化钛、硅化硼、碳纤维、氨基蒙脱土、铈粉、锶粉和锆粉合理选材，协同作用，能有效降低材料制备成本，提高合金的硬度和强度，改善材料的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能。
(5)本发明提供的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，同时添加了硼系、碳系和硅系材料，配合稀土元素改性，显著提高了制备的金属陶瓷耐磨材料的强度和韧性，实用性更强，适用范围更广。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，并使本发明的上述特征、目的以及优点更加清晰易懂，下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
本发明下述实施例中所使用的原料均为商业购买。
实施例1
一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，是由如下重量份的各组分所构成：氮化硼20份、碳化铬25份、氮化钪5份、氮化钼5份、硼化铌8份、硅化钛8份、硅化硼4份、碳纤维1份、氨基蒙脱土1份、铈粉1份、锶粉1份、锆粉3份。
所述金属陶瓷耐磨材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：按重量份配比取氮化硼、碳化铬、氮化钪、氮化钼、硼化铌、硅化钛、硅化硼、碳纤维和氨基蒙脱土，混合均匀，得到混合料，再将混合料与球磨介质放入球磨机中进行球磨，后依次经过干燥、过筛，得到球磨料；所述球磨介质为无水乙醇；所述球磨机中采用的磨球为硬质合金球；球料比为3:1；所述干燥是采用鼓风干燥箱烘干球磨料，干燥温度为90℃，时间为18小时；所述过筛的筛网目数为20目；
步骤S2：按重量份配比取铈粉、锶粉和锆粉，混合均匀，球磨至粒径不大于3μm，得到金属混合粉；
步骤S3：将经过步骤S1制成的球磨料、经过步骤S2制成的金属混合粉混合均匀，后加入到模具中，采用半干压成型法压制成型，后放入烘干炉中，在110℃下干燥至恒重，得到胚体；所述压制成型的压力为80MPa；
步骤S4：将经过步骤S3制成的胚体送入高温热压炉中进行烧结，烧结后冷却至室温，得到金属陶瓷耐磨材料；所述烧结为真空烧结，所述烧结，具体为：第一阶段，升温至1100℃，保温2h；第二阶段，升温至1550℃，保温0.5h；第三阶段，随炉冷却至室温，得金属陶瓷耐磨材料。
实施例2
一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，是由如下重量份的各组分所构成：氮化硼23份、碳化铬27份、氮化钪6.5份、氮化钼6.5份、硼化铌8.5份、硅化钛8.5份、硅化硼4.5份、碳纤维1.5份、氨基蒙脱土2份、铈粉2份、锶粉1.5份、锆粉4份。
所述金属陶瓷耐磨材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：按重量份配比取氮化硼、碳化铬、氮化钪、氮化钼、硼化铌、硅化钛、硅化硼、碳纤维和氨基蒙脱土，混合均匀，得到混合料，再将混合料与球磨介质放入球磨机中进行球磨，后依次经过干燥、过筛，得到球磨料；所述球磨介质为汽油；所述球磨机中采用的磨球为钢球；球料比为4:1；所述干燥是采用鼓风干燥箱烘干球磨料，干燥温度为95℃，时间为19小时；所述过筛的筛网目数为40目；
步骤S2：按重量份配比取铈粉、锶粉和锆粉，混合均匀，球磨至粒径不大于3μm， 得到金属混合粉；
步骤S3：将经过步骤S1制成的球磨料、经过步骤S2制成的金属混合粉混合均匀，后加入到模具中，采用半干压成型法压制成型，后放入烘干炉中，在125℃下干燥至恒重，得到胚体；所述压制成型的压力为90MPa；
步骤S4：将经过步骤S3制成的胚体送入高温热压炉中进行烧结，烧结后冷却至室温，得到金属陶瓷耐磨材料；所述烧结为热压烧结；所述烧结，具体为：第一阶段，升温至1150℃，保温2.5h；第二阶段，升温至1580℃，保温0.9h；第三阶段，随炉冷却至室温，得金属陶瓷耐磨材料。
实施例3
一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，是由如下重量份的各组分所构成：氮化硼25份、碳化铬30份、氮化钪7.5份、氮化钼7份、硼化铌9份、硅化钛9份、硅化硼5份、碳纤维2份、氨基蒙脱土2.5份、铈粉3.5份、锶粉2份、锆粉4.5份。
所述金属陶瓷耐磨材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：按重量份配比取氮化硼、碳化铬、氮化钪、氮化钼、硼化铌、硅化钛、硅化硼、碳纤维和氨基蒙脱土，混合均匀，得到混合料，再将混合料与球磨介质放入球磨机中进行球磨，后依次经过干燥、过筛，得到球磨料；所述球磨介质为丙酮；所述球磨机中采用的磨球为钢玉球；球料比为5:1；所述干燥是采用鼓风干燥箱烘干球磨料，干燥温度为100℃，时间为20小时；所述过筛的筛网目数为50目。
步骤S2：按重量份配比取铈粉、锶粉和锆粉，混合均匀，球磨至粒径不大于3μm，得到金属混合粉；
步骤S3：将经过步骤S1制成的球磨料、经过步骤S2制成的金属混合粉混合均匀，后加入到模具中，采用半干压成型法压制成型，后放入烘干炉中，在140℃下干燥至恒重，得到胚体；所述压制成型的压力为100MPa；
步骤S4：将经过步骤S3制成的胚体送入高温热压炉中进行烧结，烧结后冷却至室温，得到金属陶瓷耐磨材料；所述烧结为热等静压烧结；所述烧结，具体为：第一阶段，升温至1200℃，保温3h；第二阶段，升温至1600℃，保温1.2h；第三阶段，随炉冷却至室温，得金属陶瓷耐磨材料。
实施例4
一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，是由如下重量份的各组分所构成：氮化硼28份、碳化铬33份、氮化钪9份、氮化钼9份、硼化铌9.5份、硅化钛9.5份、硅化硼5.5份、 碳纤维2.5份、氨基蒙脱土3.5份、铈粉4份、锶粉2.5份、锆粉5份。
所述金属陶瓷耐磨材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：按重量份配比取氮化硼、碳化铬、氮化钪、氮化钼、硼化铌、硅化钛、硅化硼、碳纤维和氨基蒙脱土，混合均匀，得到混合料，再将混合料与球磨介质放入球磨机中进行球磨，后依次经过干燥、过筛，得到球磨料；所述球磨介质为乙烷；所述球磨机中采用的磨球为硬质合金球；球料比为7:1；所述干燥是采用鼓风干燥箱烘干球磨料，干燥温度为105℃，时间为23小时；所述过筛的筛网目数为70目；
步骤S2：按重量份配比取铈粉、锶粉和锆粉，混合均匀，球磨至粒径不大于3μm，得到金属混合粉；
步骤S3：将经过步骤S1制成的球磨料、经过步骤S2制成的金属混合粉混合均匀，后加入到模具中，采用半干压成型法压制成型，后放入烘干炉中，在150℃下干燥至恒重，得到胚体；所述压制成型的压力为110MPa；
步骤S4：将经过步骤S3制成的胚体送入高温热压炉中进行烧结，烧结后冷却至室温，得到金属陶瓷耐磨材料；所述烧结为微波烧结；所述烧结，具体为：第一阶段，升温至1250℃，保温3.5h；第二阶段，升温至1630℃，保温1.8h；第三阶段，随炉冷却至室温，得金属陶瓷耐磨材料。
实施例5
一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，是由如下重量份的各组分所构成：氮化硼30份、碳化铬35份、氮化钪10份、氮化钼10份、硼化铌10份、硅化钛10份、硅化硼6份、碳纤维3份、氨基蒙脱土4份、铈粉5份、锶粉3份、锆粉6份。
所述金属陶瓷耐磨材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：按重量份配比取氮化硼、碳化铬、氮化钪、氮化钼、硼化铌、硅化钛、硅化硼、碳纤维和氨基蒙脱土，混合均匀，得到混合料，再将混合料与球磨介质放入球磨机中进行球磨，后依次经过干燥、过筛，得到球磨料；所述球磨介质为四氯化碳；所述球磨机中采用的磨球为钢球；球料比为8:1；所述干燥是采用鼓风干燥箱烘干球磨料，干燥温度为110℃，时间为24小时；所述过筛的筛网目数为80目；
步骤S2：按重量份配比取铈粉、锶粉和锆粉，混合均匀，球磨至粒径不大于3μm，得到金属混合粉；
步骤S3：将经过步骤S1制成的球磨料、经过步骤S2制成的金属混合粉混合均匀，后加入到模具中，采用半干压成型法压制成型，后放入烘干炉中，在160℃下干 燥至恒重，得到胚体；所述压制成型的压力为120MPa；
步骤S4：将经过步骤S3制成的胚体送入高温热压炉中进行烧结，烧结后冷却至室温，得到金属陶瓷耐磨材料；所述烧结为真空烧结；所述烧结，具体为：第一阶段，升温至1300℃，保4h；第二阶段，升温至1650℃，保温2h；第三阶段，随炉冷却至室温，得金属陶瓷耐磨材料。
对比例1
一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其制备方法和配方与实施例1基本相同，不同的仅有：没有添加氮化硼。
对比例2
一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其制备方法和配方与实施例1基本相同，不同的仅有：没有添加氮化钪。
对比例3
一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其制备方法和配方与实施例1基本相同，不同的仅有：没有添加硼化铌。
对比例4
一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其制备方法和配方与实施例1基本相同，不同的仅有：没有添加硅化硼。
对比例5
一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其制备方法和配方与实施例1基本相同，不同的仅有：没有添加碳纤维。
对比例6
一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其制备方法和配方与实施例1基本相同，不同的仅有：没有添加氨基蒙脱土。
对比例7
一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其制备方法和配方与实施例1基本相同，不同的仅有：没有添加锶粉。
对比例8
市售金属陶瓷耐磨材料。
对上述实施例1-5及对比例1-8制备的样品进行性能测试，测试方法和测试结果见表1。
表1
测试项目 硬度 拉伸强度 磨损量 抗弯强度
单位 HR10/392 MPa mm/100H MPa
测试方法 JB/T8133.3-1999 GB/T23805-2009 GB/T12444.1-1990 GB/T4741-1999
实施例1 93.8 470 0.11 1830
实施例2 94.0 475 0.09 1835
实施例3 94.3 479 0.08 1839
实施例4 94.5 482 0.08 1842
实施例5 94.8 485 0.07 1845
对比例1 88.2 430 0.16 1500
对比例2 87.9 434 0.18 1480
对比例3 86.5 428 0.15 1450
对比例4 87.2 432 0.18 1470
对比例5 85.9 431 0.17 1460
对比例6 86.6 426 0.16 1510
对比例7 89.0 431 0.15 1530
对比例8 84.3 420 0.21 1420
从表1可以看出，本发明实施例公开的金属陶瓷耐磨材料与对比例相比，具有更加优异的机械力学性能、硬度和耐磨性，这是各成分协同作用的结果。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求的保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其特征在于，是由如下重量份的各组分所构成：氮化硼20-30份、碳化铬25-35份、氮化钪5-10份、氮化钼5-10份、硼化铌8-10份、硅化钛8-10份、硅化硼4-6份、碳纤维1-3份、氨基蒙脱土1-4份、铈粉1-5份、锶粉1-3份、锆粉3-6份。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其特征在于，所述金属陶瓷耐磨材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
    步骤S1：按重量份配比取氮化硼、碳化铬、氮化钪、氮化钼、硼化铌、硅化钛、硅化硼、碳纤维和氨基蒙脱土，混合均匀，得到混合料，再将混合料与球磨介质放入球磨机中进行球磨，后依次经过干燥、过筛，得到球磨料；
    步骤S2：按重量份配比取铈粉、锶粉和锆粉，混合均匀，球磨至粒径不大于3μm，得到金属混合粉；
    步骤S3：将经过步骤S1制成的球磨料、经过步骤S2制成的金属混合粉混合均匀，后加入到模具中，采用半干压成型法压制成型，后放入烘干炉中，在110-160℃下干燥至恒重，得到胚体；
    步骤S4：将经过步骤S3制成的胚体送入高温热压炉中进行烧结，烧结后冷却至室温，得到金属陶瓷耐磨材料。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其特征在于，步骤S1中所述球磨介质为无水乙醇、汽油、丙酮、乙烷、四氯化碳或苯中的一种。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其特征在于，所述球磨机中采用的磨球为硬质合金球、钢球或钢玉球中的任意一种；球料比为(3-8):1。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其特征在于，步骤S1中所述干燥是采用鼓风干燥箱烘干球磨料，干燥温度为90-110℃，时间为18-24小时。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其特征在于，步骤S1中所述过筛的筛网目数为20-80目。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其特征在于，步骤S3中所述压制成型的压力为80-120MPa。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其特征在于，步骤S4中所述烧结为真空烧结、热压烧结、热等静压烧结或微波烧结中的任意一种。
  9. 根据权利要求2-8任一项所述的一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料，其特征在于，步骤S4中所述烧结，具体为：第一阶段，升温至1100-1300℃，保温2-4h；第二阶段，升温至1550-1650℃，保温0.5-2h；第三阶段，随炉冷却至室温，得金属陶瓷耐磨材料。
PCT/CN2019/111563 2019-08-24 2019-10-17 一种金属陶瓷耐磨材料及其制备方法 WO2021035900A1 (zh)

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