CN105377441A - 一种使用添加了氧气的载体流体的静电喷涂的方法和设备 - Google Patents
一种使用添加了氧气的载体流体的静电喷涂的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于工业的和专业的静电喷涂方法和设备,根据取决于待喷涂物质的类型预定的电离参数并利用结合到经雾化的液体涂料或粉末涂料的气流中的静电带电的加压的载体流体(不论是阳性带电,阴性带电,或者在中性离子状态)来实现,其包括涂料载体流体的氧气添加步骤,以便获得对载体流体的更高程度的静电掌控。
Description
发明领域
本发明在依靠机械设备实现的工业的和专业的喷涂领域获得应用,所述机械设备使用了静电带电的涂料载体流体以优化该过程的产出。
事实上,已知的是,静电是一种物理现象,通过涉及所有的表面,并且引起每个材料的电子从一个原子转移到另一个原子,从而调节喷涂过程的结果。
表面的静电电荷的级别取决于多种因素,例如,正被讨论的材料,及其物理性能和电性能,周围环境的温度和湿度,等等。
下述的表格中突出显示了,被喷涂的基底是不同的材料时,其具有的静电特征也是不同的,因此其以不同的方式对已知的喷涂过程作出反应,其中,被喷涂到待喷涂表面的涂料的单一的已固定的电离参数是已知的。
因此,构成在所讨论的领域中要被解决的技术问题,是增加涂料载体流体的静电控制,和根据待喷涂的材料的不同类型来调配所述流体的电离的电荷这两方面。
为了解决上述的技术问题,本发明涉及一种具有流体的或者粉末的涂料的用于静电喷涂系统的方法和装置,其利用载体流体的作用,所述载体流体由单纯的压缩空气组成,或者优选地,在喷涂期间,由从压缩空气持续地获得的经改良的空气组成,并且,所述系统设想在涂料被传送到待喷涂的基底之前发送经雾化的液体涂料或者静电地带电的粉末涂料。
更具体地,在本描述中,需要理解的是,空气在感官上是“改良的”,其从来自于环境空气的自然成分开始,被去除存在于自然成分中的不需要的物质,因此获得混合物的形式的载体流体,所述混合物只由处于优选百分比的氮气、氧气、氩气组成,从而在静电的控制方面取得增长,其有益于提高所述的载体流体的电离化。
作为优选的解决方案,所述混合物是富含氮的混合物,其通过中空纤维渗透分离隔膜装置或可替换地通过变压吸附(PSA)来获得。
关于这一点,根据参考美国的国际标准大气的表格回想一下,自然的环境空气的组成和下述的表格中显现的一样。
现有技术
已知的静电喷涂系统使用压缩空气作为载体流体,其涉及由烃颗粒的存在和湿度所确定的在技术领域中已知的各种问题,所述的烃颗粒和湿度无益于在喷涂过程中取得最佳结果。
同样地已知的静电喷涂系统使用经改良的空气且特别是富含氮的经改良的空气作为载体流体,以解决上文提及的问题。
上述设备的实施例在专利申请文件WO2009056950被描述,所述申请文件是以本申请的申请人的名义提交的。
已知的是,这些系统得益于氮化改良空气的有利的性能,由于氮化改良空气是惰性的,并且能够对载体流体的气流给予高速的传输,并且使节省的涂料相当的可观。
然而,已发现,当使用条件,和待喷涂的基底的类型(金属,塑料,或多或少的复杂形状)改变时,经改良的空气的应用,特别是,如果是富含氮的,对于获得优选静电电荷强度的目的而言并不是最佳的。事实上,由于氮气是惰性气体不能够吸附静电电荷,而不像氧气具有很好的静电控制能力并且是在空气中以远高于氩气的百分比存在的分子,其因此提供静电吸附力。
发明目的
因此,本发明的第一目的是,提供用于静电喷涂的方法和装置,所述方法和装置将避免上述已知的系统的前述的缺陷。
发明内容
由于用于静电喷涂的方法和装置能够通过有效的和直接的方式改良静电电荷的强度和符号,上述的和进一步的目的被实现,根据喷涂条件和/或待喷涂的基底的不同的类型用参数表示所述的静电电荷的符号。
本发明的第一个优点在于以下事实,在使用期间,本发明使设备被设置在最佳的喷涂条件下成为可能,无需任何结构的改变或者工作过程的中断,不考虑待喷涂的基底。
附图说明
通过后续的说明和后续的附图,本发明的上述的和进一步的优点将会被本领域技术人员更好的理解,所述说明和附图通过非限制性的举例被提供,其中:
-图1是根据本发明的设备的示意图;以及
-图2示出了物质的静电特征表格。
具体实施例
参考附图,以下描述的是用于喷涂基底1的设备,所述设备使用以其通常的类型的分配器6,所述分配器将喷雾风机14喷送到基底上,所述喷雾风机由来自于管道15的载体流体和来自于容器5的液体或固体的涂料组成。
所述的载体流体由通过吸收周围的自然空气获取的压缩空气源2所提供,其可能依靠过滤器16所过滤,并被引入单元3中,所述单元可被调节以通过从空气中分离残留的物质并剥夺空气的剩余的物质来改良成分,从而获得富含氮气、氧气、和氩气的经改良的空气混合物的加压的流体。
优选地,单元3包括中空纤维隔膜氮气分离器9,在其出口处提供了单向阀17和流量调节阀10。
有利地,通过流量调节阀10,能够改变经改良的空气的剩余的氮气和氧气的百分比以获得:优选地,包括范围在78%到99%之间的百分比的氮气和范围在21%到40%之间的百分比的氧气的经改良的空气流体。
此外,被提供在单元3的下游的是电离单元4,其用于使经改良的空气流体静电带电并获得阳性带电、阴性带电、或在中性离子状态的载体流体的加压气流。为了这个目的,电离单元4由控制面板29所控制,通过控制面板,操作人员可以选择在载体流体气流中的由电离单元引起的电荷是阳性的或阴性的,或中性状态。
根据本发明,所述设备进一步包括单元7,其被调节用于在由单元3所供给的经改良空气气流中添加纯度在70%到98%之间的氧气的附加气流。
优选地,可调节的单元7包括PSA分子过滤分离器,其由压缩空气源2本身供给,并在出口处提供单向阀18。
由于本发明,随后将载体流体供给分配器6,所述载体流体由经改良的空气气流和被单元7所调节的氧气流组成,所述改良空气没有灰尘,油,和其他的剩余物质,这些剩余物质由分离单元3去除。
用此解决方案,通过根据喷涂的条件和/或待喷涂的基底的类型用参数表示,出现在载体流体中的氧气的百分比可以以最佳的方式被调节。
有利地,因为通过具有陶制沸石和/或锂沸石PSA组件的分离器所获得的纯氧气的分子具有较高的电离能力,通过增加或者减小氧气的百分比,获取载体流体气流的电离电荷的更大的吸附能力是可能的,因此,经雾化的涂料粒子的转移的效能被优化,并且被粉末化的粒子的静电电荷更好地渗透到基底中。
由于本发明,通过增加载体流体的氧气的百分比,液体涂料的雾化物和/或其粉化物(在使用粉末涂料的情况下),由于其静电电荷的强度较高,将会因此提供更好的传送效率。有利地,静电电荷的强度呈现得越高带电粒子渗透性可能更好,去除法拉第笼的影响(全部发生在上述的所有具有复杂几何形状的基底中及在已知的喷涂过程中),其防止涂料或粉末的粒子均匀地到达所有角落,和凹处或者待喷涂的点。
更进一步的优势在于,作为以上多次提及的静电控制的结果,涂料粒子反射回来的影响显著降低。
通过举例的方式,基底1可能是金属,塑料,或者木质基底,其具有或多或少的复杂结构,并且因此需要强度可变的阳性、阴性、或者中性的静电电荷。
因此,本发明的进一步的优点在于,通过预定的设置,获得根据待喷涂表面的静电属性用参数表示的流体电离化的条件的可能性。
为了这个目的,本发明设想,依靠控制和混合单元8对喷涂设备进行管理,所述单元可以由操作人员从外部的面板控制,并被连接到分离单元3(以获得经改良的空气的氮气和氧气的所需的百分比)和氧气添加单元7(以获取所需的附加氧气量)这两个单元上。
在所描述的具体实施例中,在控制和混合设置8中的经改良的空气和附加氧气这两种气流被传入用于存储载体流体的已加压的容器11中。
载体流体从容器11穿过热调节组件12,所述组件能够调节其温度到优选值,所述值是可调整的和恒定的,其包括-20℃到+100℃之间的温度。
在本发明应用的优选的实施例中,已发现的是,载体流体气流的阴性电荷在8℃左右的温度和在大约0.5巴的压力下,允许获得非常平滑且均匀的具有很复杂的形状的金属支持的涂层。
在不同的实施例中,热调节器12可以包括电热元件,例如,电阻,和冷却模块,例如,平板式制冷机这两种。
本发明根据优选的具体的实施例被描述,但是,等同的变形可以被设计,而不背离本发明的保护范围。
Claims (16)
1.一种依靠设备进行的用于基底(1)的静电喷涂方法,所述设备包括:
通过吸收周围空气获得的压缩空气源(2);
电离单元(4),所述电离单元用于使所述压缩空气的气流静电地带电,并获得阳性或者阴性带电的加压的载体流体气流;
流体的或粉末的涂料源(5);以及
分配器(6),所述分配器用于将所述载体流体和经雾化涂料的混合物喷送到所述基底上,
所述方法的特征在于,其包括以下步骤:将附加的可调整的氧气流添加到压缩空气的所述气流中。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:通过从空气中分离剩余的物质并剥离空气中所述剩余物质,所述压缩空气的成分持续的改良,从而获得富含氮气、氧气、和氩气的经改良的空气的加压的气流。
3.如前所述的任意一项权利要求中所述的方法,其特征在于,所述附加的氧气流通过始于压缩的自然空气流的持续分离来获得。
4.如前所述的任意一项权利要求中所述的方法,其特征在于,所述附加的氧气流通过至少一个PSA(压力摆动吸收)分子筛分离单元被获得。
5.如前所述的任意一项权利要求中所述的方法,其特征在于,所述电离单元(4)是预设的用于使所述压缩空气的气流静电地带电,并获得加压的载体流体气流,不论其是阳性带电或阴性带电或处于中心离子状态。
6.一种用于基底(1)的静电喷涂的设备,包括:
通过吸收自然的周围空气获得的压缩空气源(2);
电离单元(4),所述电离单元用于使所述压缩空气的气流静电地带电,并获得阳性或者阴性带电的加压的载体流体气流;
流体的或粉末的涂料源(5);以及
分配器(6),所述分配器用于将所述载体流体和经雾化涂料的混合物喷送到所述基底上,
所述设备的特征在于,其包括第二单元(7),所述单元可被调节以用于将附加的氧气流添加到压缩气体的所述气流。
7.如权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,包括单元(3),所述单元可被调节以用于改良所述压缩的自然空气的成分,通过从空气中分离剩余的物质并剥离空气中所述剩余物质持续地被获得,以产生富含氮气、氧气、和氩气的经改良的压缩空气的加压的气流。
8.如权利要求6-7中任意一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述单元(7)是用于从空气中分离氧气的单元,所述单元从压缩的自然空气流开始持续操作。
9.如权利要求6-8中任意一项所述的设备,其特征在于,包括单元(8),所述单元用于控制所述第一单元(3)并启动混合从而取得经改良的空气的所述气流的氮气和氧气的所需的百分比,并用于调节所述第二单元(7)以获得附加氧气的所需的量。
10.如权利要求6-9中任意一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述第一可调单元(3)包括在出口处提供了流量调节器(10)的渗透隔膜中空纤维的氮气分离器(9)。
11.如权利要求6-10中任意一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述第二可调单元(7)包括PSA分子筛分离器。
12.如权利要求6-11中任意一项所述的设备,其特征在于,包括加压存储器(11)用于所述载体流体的存储。
13.如权利要求6-12中任意一项所述的设备,其特征在于,包括组件(12)用于所述载体流体气流的热调节。
14.如权利要求6-13中任意一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述热调节组件能够在-20℃到+100℃之间调节所述载体流体气流的温度。
15.如权利要求6-14中任意一项所述的设备,其特征在于,包括控制面板(9),所述控制面板用于选择由电离单元引起的在载体流体气流中的电荷是阳性的或者阴性的符号或者中性状态。
16.如权利要求6-15中任意一项所述的设备,其特征在于,包括混合器(13),其中经改良的空气的所述气流和所述的附加氧气流汇合,并且所述载体流体气流从中排出。
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IT000132A ITFI20130132A1 (it) | 2013-06-03 | 2013-06-03 | Metodo e apparato per la verniciatura elettrostatica mediante fluido vettore arricchito in ossigeno |
ITFI2013A000132 | 2013-06-03 | ||
PCT/IT2014/000113 WO2014195983A1 (en) | 2013-06-03 | 2014-04-23 | Method and apparatus for electrostatic painting using oxygen-enriched carrier fluid |
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CN (1) | CN105377441A (zh) |
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CA (1) | CA2913721A1 (zh) |
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ITFI20120205A1 (it) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-04-11 | Eurosider Sas Di Milli Ottavio & C | Metodo e apparato per la verniciatura elettrostatica |
ITUB20160041A1 (it) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-02 | Eurosider Sas Di Milli Ottavio & C | Apparato e metodo per il pretrattamento elettrostatico e disidratante di manufatti sottoposti a verniciatura a polvere o liquido |
RU2660147C2 (ru) * | 2016-05-19 | 2018-07-05 | Александр Валентинович Емельянов | Способ окрашивания неметаллических плит порошковой краской |
IT201800002157A1 (it) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-07-30 | Chiara Lippi | Dispositivo di trattamento superficiale a spruzzo |
EP3517214A1 (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-07-31 | Chiara Lippi | A spray surface treatment device |
IT201800002156A1 (it) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-07-30 | Chiara Lippi | Dispositivo di trattamento superficiale a spruzzo |
IT201900012357A1 (it) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-19 | Pentris S R L | Metodo ed apparecchiatura per il miglioramento dell'efficienza di trasferimento e della qualità del processo di verniciatura |
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- 2014-04-23 EP EP14739954.7A patent/EP3003570A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-04-23 RU RU2015151258A patent/RU2015151258A/ru unknown
- 2014-04-23 CN CN201480030971.9A patent/CN105377441A/zh active Pending
- 2014-04-23 BR BR112015030157A patent/BR112015030157A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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WO2014195983A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
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RU2015151258A (ru) | 2017-07-13 |
MX2015016705A (es) | 2016-05-09 |
CA2913721A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
EP3003570A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
TW201501809A (zh) | 2015-01-16 |
US20140356545A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
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