CN105377287A - 用于肿瘤成像的试剂盒 - Google Patents
用于肿瘤成像的试剂盒 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105377287A CN105377287A CN201480009211.XA CN201480009211A CN105377287A CN 105377287 A CN105377287 A CN 105377287A CN 201480009211 A CN201480009211 A CN 201480009211A CN 105377287 A CN105377287 A CN 105377287A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于肿瘤成像的试剂盒和使用组合物制备所述试剂盒的方法,所述组合物具有以下结构:His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-γAba-Lys(R)(SEQ?ID?NO:1),其中赖氨酸残基的γ-氨基与本申请中公开的螯合剂偶联。
Description
引言
本申请要求2013年2月15日提交的编号61/765312的美国临时申请的优先权,其内容作为整体通过引用并入本文中。
本发明是在国立卫生研究院(NationalInstitutesofHealth)授予的合同号CA109231之下由政府支持做出的。政府享有本发明中一定的权利。
背景技术
2011年在美国进行的约160万例乳腺活检中,诊断出约288130例乳腺癌(BC)(230480例扩散性和57650例原位)(DeSantis等人.(2011)CACancerJ.Clin.61:409-418;Elter等人.(2011)Med.Phys.2007,34(11):4164-4172),但超过130万例活检是良性诊断结果。虽然诊断这些癌症是关键的,但在此过程中呈现的大量良性活检产生了显著的患者发病率和潜在的不必要的医疗费用。检测乳腺癌的成像方法不断发展,包括数字乳房X线照相术、核磁共振成像(MRI)、计算机X线断层成像(CT)、超声(US)、F-18-FDG和Tc-99msestamibi,然而,所有这些方法都具有有限的特异性并且接着会产生许多假阳性和假阴性诊断(Uematsu等人.(2002)BreastCancer9:62-68;Berg等人.(2004)Radiology233:830-849;Ruibal等人.(2008)Med.Clin.130(9):332-333;Yang&Tse(2004)AJRAm.J.Roentgenol.182:101-110;Elmore等人.(2005)JAMA293:1245-1256;Ghai等人.(2005)AJRAm.J.Roentgenol.185:481-487;Chagpar等人.(2006)Ann.Surg.243:257-264;Xu等人.(2011)Nucl.Med.Comm.32:980-988;Xue等人.(2012)Eur.J.Surg.Oncol.38(5):375-381)。考虑到费用,不必要的良性活检意味着严重的医疗负担。这对将会减少不必要的良性活检数量同时还能发现恶性肿瘤的创新方法有迫切需求。
近期的药物发现方法集中于在分子水平上了解疾病的成因和控制疾病的生物医学途径。先前的研究已经证实VPAC1受体(结合血管活性肠肽和垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽)在乳腺癌细胞上以高密度过表达(Reubi等人.(2000)CancerRes.60(11):3105-3112)。VPAC1受体编码G蛋白,所述G蛋白参与乳腺癌细胞的细胞增殖、细胞分化以及存活。在基质、正常细胞和良性肿块上,只有少数VPAC1受体进行表达(Reubi等人.(2000)同上;Zia等人.(1996)CancerRes.56(15):3486-89;Leyton等人.(1999)BreastCanc.Res.Treat.56(2):177-186;Moody&GozesI(2007)Curr.Pharm.Des.13(11):1099-1104;Valdehita等人.(2010)Peptides31(11):2035-2045;Valdehita等人.(2012)Mol.CellEndocrinol.348(1):241-246)。
已经开发了对VPAC1受体具有高亲和性的放射性标记的生物分子,并且在临床前环境下进行分析(Chakder&Rattan(1993)J.Pharm.Expt.Therapeut.266:392-399;Thakur等人.(2000)J.Nucl.Med.41:107-110;Pallela等人.(1999)J.Nucl.Med.40(2):352-360;Kolan等人.(1997)J.Label.Comp.Radiopharmaceut.40:455-457;Thakur等人.(2004)J.Nucl.Med.45:1381-1389;Zhang等人.(2007)Reg.Peptides144:91-100;Thakur(2009)Semin.Nucl.Med.39:236-246;Thakur等人.(2010)J.Nucl.Med.51:106-111;Zhang等人.(2008)J.Nucl.Med.49:112-121;US6855308)。基于它们对VPAC1受体的高亲和性,生成了通过利用Tc99m(t1/2-6小时,γ-140keV)放射性标记进行修饰的肽构建物(peptideconstruct),并且对受体亲和性(Kd)、受体特异性、体内稳定性和组织分布进行了评价(Thakur等人.(2000)同上;Pallela等人.(1999)同上;Kolan等人.(1997)同上;Thakur等人.(2004)同上;Zhang等人.(2007)同上;Thakur(2009)同上;Thakur等人.(2010)同上;Zhang等人.(2008)同上)。另外,用发射β+(19%,656keV)的Cu-64(t1/2-12.8小时)对肽进行标记,以用于用N2S2作为螯合剂的正电子发射断层成像术(positronemissiontomography)(PET)。对Kd值、患有T47D人乳腺癌的无胸腺裸鼠的组织分布研究、受体阻断研究、受体亲和性和体内稳定性进行了检测(Thakur等人.(2004)同上;Zhang等人.(2007)同上;Thakur(2009)同上;Thakur等人.(2010)同上;Zhang等人.(2008)同上)。在所产生的化合物中,Cu-64-TP3805不仅成像了无胸腺裸鼠中所有的异种移植人乳腺癌(注射后24小时,肿瘤吸收6.35±1.28%ID/g),该化合物还定位转基因MMTVneu小鼠(n=9)中所有(n=8)自发生长的乳腺癌(可见的5例,不可见的1例,转移性的2例)病灶(Thakur等人.(2010)同上)。此外,对于具有可以忽略不计的VPAC1受体表达的两个病灶,Cu-64-TP3805PET图像是正常的。通过组织学(histology)和由RT-PCR确定的表达的VPAC1受体确认了所述8例恶性病灶(Thakur等人.(2010)同上)。
发明内容
本发明提供用于肿瘤成像的试剂盒。在一个实施方案中,本发明的试剂盒由冻干组合物组成,所述冻干组合物包含葡庚糖酸盐、甘氨酸缓冲液和具有以下结构的化合物:His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-γAba-Lys(R)(SEQIDNO:1),其中R是与赖氨酸残基的γ-氨基偶联的螯合剂,所述螯合剂为:
在一些实施方案中,将试剂盒贮存于4℃。在其他实施方案中,将试剂盒贮存于-20℃。在还另外的实施方案中,试剂盒包含20-250μg所述化合物、50至500μg葡庚糖酸盐和任选地64Cu、68Ga、89Zr或99mTc。还提供了一种制备所述试剂盒的方法。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的试剂盒由具有以下结构的化合物组成:His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-γAba-Lys(R)(SEQIDNO:1),其中R是与赖氨酸残基的γ-氨基偶联的螯合剂,并且其中所述化合物被固定在基质(substrate)上。
具体实施方式
现在已经表明Cu-64-TP3805能够成像人乳腺癌患者的原发性肿瘤。在20例分析的肿瘤中,所有病灶均为恶性的。另外,在全身正电子发射断层成像术(PET)/计算机断层扫描(CT)成像中,4例涉及前哨淋巴结(1名患者中有2个,另外2名患者每人1个),且轮廓清晰。在此研究中,观察到值得注意的另外两种现象。首先,Cu-64-TP3805摄取是快速的,即注射后15分钟。因此,还可以使用半衰期为68分钟、由发生器产生的Ga-68。Ga-68的正电子发射为88%,超过Cu-64的四倍。这就允许给予小于150MBq(~4mCi)的Ga-68而不会降低图像质量,因而显著减少了受试者的辐射积存量(radiationburden)。在任何一种情况下,在注射15分钟后就可以得到图像而不需要要求患者禁食或监测血糖水平。
第二,观察到注射后15分钟的正电子发射乳房x线造影术(PositronEmissionMammography,PEM)摄取值直到成像后5小时并没有变化。这表明,Cu-67-TP3805可用作治疗剂,而不需要改变其化学性质或制剂工艺(preparationprocedure)。铜-67是β-(100%)发射体,半衰期为2.44天,且被认为是治疗中重要的放射性核素(Knogler等人.(2007)Clin.CancerRes.13:603-611)。
因此,本发明提供了用于肿瘤成像的试剂盒和制备这种试剂盒的方法。根据本发明,用于肿瘤成像、特别是乳腺癌肿瘤成像的试剂盒包含由葡庚糖酸盐、甘氨酸缓冲液和具有以下结构的成像化合物的混合物组成的组合物:His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-γAba-Lys(R)(SEQIDNO:1),其中R是与赖氨酸残基的γ-氨基偶联的螯合剂,并且所述螯合剂为:
作为替代性方案,本发明中使用的其他合适的螯合剂包括直链、环状和支链的聚氨基-多元羧酸及其磷含氧酸等同物,例如乙二胺-N,N,N′,N′-四乙酸(EDTA);N,N,N′,N″,N″-二亚乙基-三胺五乙酸(DTPA);1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-N,N′,N″,N″′-四乙酸(DOTA);1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-N,N′,N″-三乙酸(DO3A);1-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂环十二烷-N,N′,N″-三乙酸(OTTA);反式(1,2)-环己烷二亚乙基-三胺-五乙酸(CDTPA);1-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂环十二烷三乙酸(DOXA);1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷三乙酸(NOTA);和1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷四乙酸(TETA)。
葡庚糖酸盐和甘氨酸缓冲液均可以从商业来源获得并且使用时不需要额外的纯化。在一些实施方案中,试剂盒进一步包含SnCl2·2H2O,例如20到1000μg之间的SnCl2·2H2O。在其它实施方案中,试剂盒包含25到500μg之间的SnCl2·2H2O或50到200μg之间的SnCl2·2H2O。在特定的实施方案中,试剂盒包含100μg的SnCl2·2H2O。类似地,在一些实施方案中,试剂盒包含10到500μg之间的葡庚糖酸盐,50到500μg之间的葡庚糖酸盐,或更具体地,100μg葡庚糖酸盐。可使用常规方法制备甘氨酸缓冲液并且优选pH为5至9,更优选6至9,或最优选7至9。
可如本文中所述使用常规的化学合成方法制备成像化合物。在一些实施方案中,试剂盒包含5到500μg之间的成像化合物。在其它实施方案中,试剂盒包含10到100μg之间的成像化合物。在特定的实施方案中,试剂盒包含20到250μg之间的成像化合物。
理想地,试剂盒组合物的成分是无菌的,在无菌条件下组合,并且在一个容器中提供(例如隔膜密封的药水瓶)。
在特定的实施方案中,试剂盒还包含放射性核素,例如正电子发射放射性核素。在一个实施方案中,放射性核素为64Cu。在另一实施方案中,放射性核素为68Ga。在其他实施方案中,放射性核素为89Zr或99mTc。
除了上述成分,试剂盒可以还任选地进一步包含额外的成分,诸如辐射防护剂、抗微生物性防腐剂、pH调节剂或填料。术语“辐射防护剂”是指通过俘获高活性自由基,例如由水的放射性裂解产生的含氧自由基,从而抑制降解反应(例如氧化还原过程)的化合物。术语“抗微生物性防腐剂”是指抑制潜在的有害微生物例如细菌、酵母或霉菌生长的试剂。取决于剂量,抗微生物性防腐剂可以还显示出一些杀菌特性。本发明中抗微生物性防腐剂的主要作用是抑制重建后的成像组合物即成像产物本身中任何这种微生物的生长。然而,抗微生物性防腐剂可以还任选地用来抑制在重建前的本发明试剂盒的一种或多种成分中潜在的有害微生物的生长。合适的抗微生物性防腐剂包括对羟基苯甲酸酯(例如,甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯或其混合物)、苄醇、苯酚、甲酚和溴棕三甲胺。术语“填料”是指在生产和冻干过程中可以使原料易于处理的填充剂。合适的填料包括无机盐例如氯化钠和水溶性糖或糖醇,例如蔗糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇或海藻糖。
在本发明的一个替代性实施方案中,试剂盒包含黏附、附加或固定到基质上的如本文所述的成像化合物,所述基质例如为皮氏培养皿、试验孔、微量滴定板、试管、样品垫、试纸条、珠子等。天然的、合成的或经过合成改性的天然存在的材料可以被用作基质,包括但不限于纤维素材料例如纸张、纤维素,和纤维素衍生物例如醋酸纤维素和硝酸纤维素;玻璃纤维;天然存在(例如棉花)和合成(例如尼龙)的织物;多孔凝胶,例如硅胶、琼脂糖、右旋糖苷和明胶;多孔纤维基质;淀粉类材料,例如SEPHADEX牌交联右旋糖苷链;陶瓷材料;聚氯乙烯薄膜和聚氯乙烯-二氧化硅组合物;由聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯、乳胶、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚碳酸酯、玻璃或类似材料构成的微球等。其它有用的基质为磁性或顺磁性微粒。
所述即用试剂盒(instantkit)的基质可衍生化以含有化学活性基团,所述化学活性基团可通过简单的化学反应例如通过常规二硫化物、硫醚或巯基-马来酰亚胺键或通过酰胺键经C端羧酸与成像化合物偶联。
基质不应干扰可检测信号的产生并且与被化验的生物学样品相容,所述生物学样品例如为血液、血浆、尿液、唾液、阴道液、吸气组织样本等。基质应具有合理的固有强度,或可以借助于补充支撑物提供强度。
基质的特定尺寸与便利性有关,其取决于待测试验样品的尺寸、试验方案、检测和测量信号的方法等。
本发明的试剂盒可以进一步包含关于以下一种或多种的说明书:重建包含显像剂的组合物,用放射性核素放射性标记成像化合物,将组合物施用于受试者以及解释结果。而且,试剂盒可包含具有或不具有癌症的组织的标记的照片实例。
可以例如通过如本文中例示地制备本发明的试剂盒:在一个容器中组合葡庚糖酸盐、甘氨酸缓冲液和成像化合物;冷冻试剂的组合物;使冷冻的组合物冻干,向容器中通入无菌氮气,将容器密封,并将容器贮存于4℃或更低的温度下。在一个实施方案中,将容器贮存于4℃。在另一实施例中,将容器贮存于-20℃。
在以下实施例中将对本发明进行进一步说明,所述实施例不限制权利要求中描述的本发明的范围。
实施例1:材料和方法
TP3805合成和试剂盒制备。简要地说,使用ABI341A肽合成器(AppliedBiosystems,FosterCity,CA)在王氏树脂(Wangresin)上合成具有C-末端二氨基二巯基化物(N2S2)螯合剂的垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽类似物(Thakur(2009)同上;Thakur等人.(2010)同上;Zhang等人.(2008)同上;Anderson等人.(2001)J.Nucl.Med.42(2):213-221;Lewis等人.(2001)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.98(3):1206-1211)。首先将Fmoc-Lys(ivDde)引入到肽的C-末端,然后是4-氨基丁酸(γ-Aba)。然后通过标准的9-芴甲氧羰基(Fmoc)与最终的组氨酰残基(作为t-Boc保护的His(Trt)衍生物)偶联组装27-氨基酸长度的PACAP序列。帽化的t-Boc功能是必要的,以确保N-末端氨基在随后的脱保护和在C-末端赖氨酸的γ-氨基上进行的偶联循环过程中仍然受到保护。随后用2%肼选择性地去除C-末端赖氨酸的ivDde基团,然后依次加入双-Fmoc-L-二氨基丙酸和S-苯甲酰巯基乙酸。使用三氟乙酸(TFA)∶水∶苯酚∶茴香硫醚/乙二硫醇(82.5∶5∶5∶5∶2.5)将所得经保护的含有双胺二硫酚(NS-苯甲酰)2的PACAP肽从树脂上切割下来并用乙醚沉淀。
通过反相高压液相色谱(HPLC)(Waters,Milford,MA)在VYDACC4柱(5μm,10mm×250mm)上将粗肽纯化至同质。通过电喷雾质谱法确定类似螯合剂构建物的质量。按照常规的合成方法,由AmericanPeptideCompany,Sunnyvale,CA对TP3805进行制备、纯化和表征。
在层流净化罩中无菌地制备试剂盒。包含10ml小玻璃瓶、橡胶盖和铝密封盖的所有试剂都是无菌的。所有试剂均为购自FisherScientific,Inc(FairLawn,NJ)并且使用时不用进一步纯化的分析纯级。添加的试剂为100μgSnCl2·2H2O(10mg/ml,0.05MHCl),含有100μg葡庚糖酸盐(50mg/ml,H2O),20μgTP3805(10mg/ml,0.1M乙酸钠缓冲液,pH-5)和200μl0.2M甘氨酸缓冲液pH-9。通过将小瓶放入丙酮/干冰浴中将混合物迅速冷冻。随后将小瓶冻干4小时,(GenevacSF50;Genevac,Berkshire,England)。冻干后,将无菌氮气引入容器中,并将小瓶密封,标记并贮存于4℃直至使用。通过HPLC检查试剂盒的稳定性和被Cu-64标记的能力。
Cu-64-TP3805的制备。制备的当天,将试剂盒小瓶移出并使其达到室温。将所需质量的Cu-64溶液(WashingtonUniversity,St.Louis,MO)添加到小瓶中(通常6mCi在<20μl的0.1MHCl中),然后添加200μl无菌水。然后将小瓶在50℃下温育90分钟。然后通过添加2ml无菌的0.9%NaCl将溶液稀释。
通过HPLC利用反相微键合柱(Varian,Inc)对反应混合物进行分析,所述柱用0.1%水性TFA中的10%乙腈到水性0.1%TFA中的90%乙腈的线性28分钟梯度进行洗脱。将95%以上的标记效率视作试剂盒稳定的标准。这使得Cu-64-TP3805的放射性比度达到44.4GBq(1.2Ci)/μmol。
无菌试验。从小瓶中将患者注射所需活性的溶液吸入无菌注射器中,并在校准的电离室CRC-15R(CapintecInc.,Ramsey,NJ)中进行测量。将约100μl溶液添加到10ml胰蛋白酶大豆培养基(TSB)中,并且在37℃下于潮湿的5%CO2培养箱中培养7天。在七天中每天观察测试管以检测浊度或微生物生长。
患者纳入、剂量和成像。参加的为高加索、西班牙、非洲裔美国人或亚洲的非妊娠妇女,年龄为18岁以上,患有新近诊断的、经组织学检验证实的乳腺癌。在这种成像过程之前,实施了2至6周的图像引导的经皮活检。每位患者签署了知情同意书。为了可行性研究,生物统计学家决定对6名患者进行PET研究且对13名患者进行PEM研究。该决定是基于假设Cu-64-TP3805将检测出80%的病灶且将有87%功效使用该试剂来诊断乳腺癌。
每名患者在注射F-18-FDG之前禁食六小时。注射F-18-FDG之前,对血糖进行监控。让糖水平低于250mg/DL的患者参加。然后通过静脉留置导管使每名患者接受370MBq(10mCi)的F-18-FDG并在1小时后进行PET或PEM扫描。使用Biograph-6PET/CT扫描仪(Siemens,Inc.Knoxville,TN),以仰卧位在床时间(bedtime)2分钟获得PET/CT图像。
对于Cu-64-TP3805成像,患者既不用禁食也不用进行血糖水平检测。两名患者接受111±10%MBq(3±10%mCi)Cu-64-TP3805,两名患者接受127.5±10%MBq(3.5mCi±10%MBq),其余两名患者接受148±10%MBq(4±10%mCi),其中在F-18-FDG扫描2至30天后静脉注射Cu-64-TP3805。对于Cu-64-TP3805全身扫描,在床时间为4分钟,且注射后2小时和4小时得到了图像。
对于PEM成像,每名患者通过静脉留置导管静脉接受148±10%MBq(4±10%mCi)CU-64-TP3805。在MLO和CC位置各观察10分钟,获得两个乳房的图像。在注射后15分钟、1小时、2小时和4小时至5小时处采集数据。在注射之前以及随后每30分钟直到注射后4小时,对每名PET/CT和PEM患者的生命体征进行监测。在注射结束时,用5ml0.9%NaCl对注射器和管进行冲洗,然后对剩余的放射性进行测量。在PEM研究的过程中,允许患者根据其意愿饮水或进食。
图像分析。全部图像都由2名专科核医学医生和1名专科胸部成像医生进行读取。由核医学研究员进行图像分析。对于PET/CT的6名患者,计算原发肿瘤部位和转移淋巴结的标准化摄取值(SUV),并与各自的放射性示踪剂相比较。使用50%等高线几何学方法计算代谢肿瘤体积以进行比较,因为与SUV相比,它是一个相对较好的参数。
对于用PEM扫描的13名患者,计算PEM摄取值(PUV)和代谢肿瘤体积以进行比较。PEM摄取值/背景强度(PUV/BGV)比值也用各自的放射性示踪剂进行计算并比较以进行评价。
实施例2:结果
Cu-64-TP3805、放射化学纯度和无菌性。对于所有的Cu-64-TP3805制剂,通过HPLC对放射化学纯度进行了测定且平均值为97±2%。没有进一步进行放射化学提纯。制剂的放射性比度平均为44.4GBq(1.2Ci)/μmol。所有制剂是无菌的。残留在注射器和静脉管中的总放射性小于5.5MBq(150μCi)。
患者群体。以所有患者同意的连续顺序招募了所有患者。所有患者都没接受过任何形式的乳腺癌治疗。6名PET/CT患者的平均年龄为48.7±6.2岁(范围是42-59岁)。13名PEM患者的平均年龄为54±14.2岁(范围是26-80岁)。总共19名患者中,2名患者有脸红感,在数分钟内未经任何药物治疗即消退。患者的人口统计学数据列于表1中,每个患者的关键结果列于表2中。
表1
IDC,浸润性导管癌;ILoC,浸润性小叶癌;IPaC,浸润性乳头癌;HGMC,高级别乳腺癌。
表2
BGV,背景值;PUV,PEM摄取值;SUV,标准摄取值;LN,淋巴节。
图像分析。在整体(wholebody)PET/CT组中,所有6名患者患有组织学证实的浸润性导管癌(IDC)。其中5个是ER+,1个ER-,5个PR+,1个PR-,以及2个HER2+和4个HER2-。每名患者的图像质量都是优异的,与他们接受Cu-64-TP3805的量无关。在这些患者中,总共有10个被F-18-FDG和Cu-64-TP3805都检测出的病灶。这10个病灶中,6个是原发性的(每名患者1个病灶),4个涉及淋巴结(1名患者有2个,另外2名每人1个)。
在13名患者的PEM组中,10名患者患有组织学证实的IDC,2名患有浸润性小叶癌(ILoC),1名患有浸润性乳头癌(IPaC)。其中,所有13人都是ER+而没有ER-。8名患者具有PR+病灶,5名具有PR-。其中2个HER2+,7个HER2-,且4个HER2状态不明确。1名ILoC患者具有2个不同的病灶(表1)。
如表2中所示,通过F-18-FDG扫描确定的6名患者的原发肿瘤体积范围为113mm3到6084mm3。由Cu-64-TP3805扫描确定的相应的肿瘤体积范围为113mm3到5323mm3。Cu-64-TP3805肿瘤体积为F-18-FDG的90.6±16.1%。4个结的F-18-FDG淋巴结体积范围为28mm3到509mm3,且Cu-64-TP3805的为28mm3到402mm3。由Cu-64-TP3805确定的结体积为由F-18-FDG扫描得到的86.2±9.2%。
所有6个原发性病灶和4个恶性淋巴结均被Cu-64-TP3805明确地检测到了。6个原发性病灶的F-18-FDGSUV(最大)值范围为1.75到12.8,且恶性淋巴结为1.8到11.0。原发性病灶的相应的Cu-64-TP3805值为1.9到11.8,且淋巴结的为2.4到4.9。原发性病灶的Cu-64-TP3805SUV(最大)值为F-18-FDGSUV(最大)值的92±26.4%。恶性淋巴结的Cu-64-TP3805SUV(最大)值为F-18-FDGSUV(最大)值的89.8±27%。
全身图像显示肝摄取了Cu-64-TP3805。未对其进行定量。尽管这种摄取的确切性质是未知的,但临床前数据表明,肝摄取为25.4±1.74%,其中近60%的活性具有与TP3805相同的分子量。临床前数据还显示7.5%的活性在注射后24小时内通过粪便排出(Thakur等人.(2010)同上)。
对于所述13名PEM患者,有14个全部都被Cu-64-TP3805明确地描绘出的原发性病灶(在1名患者中有2个)。由F-18-FDG扫描确定的肿瘤体积范围为141mm3到3818mm3。由Cu-64-TP3805计算出的肿瘤体积范围为98mm3到6912mm3。这是F-18-FDG值的113±37%。
在PEM成像中,将肿瘤摄取值确定为PEM摄取值(PUV)与PEM背景值的比率。F-18-FDG的这些比率范围为2.6到11.6,且Cu-64-TP3805的为2.7到11.8。这是F-18-FDG值的97.7±24.5%。
这些数据证实了Cu-64-TP3805探查(probe)对乳腺癌患者临床应用的效用。如在PEM成像中观察到的,Cu-64-TP3805肿瘤摄取是快速的。与注射后4小时到5小时的最终图像相比,由15分钟图像计算的PUV值保持稳定。通过设计,全部19名(6加13)患者接受的Cu-64-TP3805范围为107.3MBq到162.8MBq。考虑到Cu-64的正电子发射仅为19%,与F-18-FDG的97%相比,有效的Cu-64-TP3805剂量范围介于21MBq到33MBq之间,小于F-18-FDG的十分之一。尽管示踪剂的量如此少,但对于PET/CT图像和PEM图像两者来说,Cu64-TP3805图像质量是优异的。Cu-64-TP3805清楚地描绘了所有恶性病灶(n=20),包括恶性淋巴结(n=4)。
F-18-FDG的使用在质量上和数量上提供了Cu-64-TP3805有效性的直接比较。由于Cu-64-TP3805以VPAC1受体为目标,SUV或PUV不依赖于这些乳腺癌病灶的激素状态。
化学和放射毒性。Cu-64是一种快速出现(emerge)β+的放射性核素。它被用于人类PET成像(Anderson等人.(2001)同上;Lewis等人.(2001)同上;Pfeifer等人.(2012)J.Nucl.Med.53(8):1207-1215)。Cu-64具有12.8小时的半衰期,这足够长以在整个区域内发送,但时长不足以在成像后向患者递送过量的放射剂量。Cu-64在小的回转加速器上大量产生且其化学性质是公知的。在本文的PEM研究中,13名患者接受3.87±0.2%mCi并且全身接受2.52mSv且肝脏(靶器官)接受36.5mSv的估计剂量。下面的表3给出了其它乳腺癌(BC)显像剂的数据:Cu-64-TP3805、ACRIN研究(ACRIN6682,第II期临床试验,2012)和自1970年以来用于人类的Ga-67。数据表明,Cu-64-TP3805的放射毒性小于由公认的放射-示踪剂和ACRIN-改进的Cu-64-ATSM引起的放射毒性。
表3
已经证实在此使用大于Cu-64剂量6倍的金属离子是没有毒性的(Lewis等人(2008)同上)。此外,接受1000倍剂量(调整至体重)的衰减Cu64-TP3805的免子的数据没有显示出c-AMP升高、血液化学性质变化或肝脏酶的改变。在接受Cu-64-TP3805的19名患者中的任一个中均没有观察到毒性。
实施例3:冻干试剂盒的制备
试剂。通过将400ml去离子水放入500ml烧杯中,并用经0.2微米过滤的氮气充气5分钟,制备去氧和无菌的水。随后将水转移到干净、无菌的500ml玻璃瓶中,密封并高压灭菌。将水冷却至室温并在4℃下贮存。
通过将90ml去氧的水和10ml1NHCl混合并用经0.2微米过滤的氮气充气60分钟,制备去氧的0.1NHCl(用于稀释64Cu)。
通过将100ml去氧的水和900mgNaCl混合并用经0.2微米过滤的氮气充气60分钟,制备去氧的0.9%NaCl(用于示踪标记计算体积)。
通过将9ml去氧的水与1ml10NNaOH混合,制备NaOH(1.0N)。
通过将25.5ml0.2M乙酸溶液(1.155ml在100ml去氧的水中)与24.5ml0.2M乙酸钠溶液(2.72gC2H3O2Na·3H2O在100ml去氧的水中)混合,用去氧的水将混合物稀释至总量为100ml并用经0.2微米过滤的氮气将溶液充气60分钟,制备乙酸盐缓冲液(0.2M,pH4.6)。
二氯化锡·2H2O(98%)为ACS级,甘氨酸(98.5+%)为ACS级,葡萄糖酸(钠盐,99%)为ACS级。
用去离子水对所有的玻璃器皿进行清洗和冲洗并在100℃下在烘箱中烘烤2小时,随后用高压灭菌器灭菌。将甘氨酸(1.5014克)添加到100ml去氧水中并混合至溶解。将甘氨酸溶液转移到150毫升玻璃烧杯中并用1NNaOH(~1.5ml)将pH调整到9.0,得到0.2MpH9.0的甘氨酸缓冲液。用经0.2微米过滤的氮气将甘氨酸缓冲液充气20分钟,并用0.2微米的过滤器过滤。将200μl等份(aliquot)转移至小瓶中。
将50mg葡庚糖酸盐添加到1ml去氧水中。用经0.2微米过滤的氮气将溶液充气5分钟。将于400μl0.05M盐酸中的4mg二氯化锡·2H2O添加到400μl葡庚糖酸盐溶液中。用0.2微米的过滤器对混合物进行过滤,并将40μl等份转移到含甘氨酸缓冲液的小瓶中。
将5mg肽(TP3805)添加到1ml无菌的0.2MpH4.6的乙酸盐缓冲液中,使得浓度为5mg/ml。从该溶液中,将4μl(20μg)肽(TP3805)转移到含有甘氨酸缓冲液、氯化锡和乙酸盐缓冲液的小瓶中。
在干冰上将小瓶中的溶液快速冷冻,随后用冻干器干燥(~6-8小时)。最后,将氮气充入冻干器的空腔(chamber)中。将小瓶移出,封盖并贮存在-20℃。
实施例4:肽的放射性标记
使用无菌技术,将200μl无菌、无热原的去氧水(不含防腐剂)注入64Cu溶液中。将溶液混合并转移到含有肽的小瓶中。将小瓶震荡以确保粉末完全溶解。然后将溶液在50℃下温育90分钟,随后在使用之前使其在室温下静置。在某些实施方案中,可以在从室温至90℃的温度下培养溶液。
Claims (12)
1.一种包含冻干组合物的试剂盒,所述冻干组合物包含葡庚糖酸盐、甘氨酸缓冲液和具有以下结构的化合物:His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-γAba-Lys(R)(SEQIDNO:1),其中R是与赖氨酸残基的γ-氨基偶联的螯合剂,并且所述螯合剂为:
2.权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其中将所述试剂盒贮存在4℃。
3.权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其中将所述试剂盒贮存在-20℃。
4.权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其中所述试剂盒包含20μg到250μg的所述化合物。
5.权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其中所述试剂盒包含50μg到500μg葡庚糖酸盐。
6.权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其还包含64Cu、68Ga、89Zr或99mTc。
7.一种用于肿瘤成像的试剂盒的制备方法,所述方法包括:
(a)在容器中对葡庚糖酸盐、甘氨酸缓冲液和具有以下结构的化合物进行组合:His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-γAba-Lys(R)(SEQIDNO:1),其中R是与赖氨酸残基的γ-氨基偶联的螯合剂,并且所述螯合剂为:
(b)使(a)的组合物冷冻,
(c)使冷冻的组合物冻干,
(d)将无菌氮气引入容器中,和
(e)将容器密封。
8.权利要求7所述的方法,其中将所述容器贮存在4℃。
9.权利要求7所述的方法,其中将所述容器贮存在-20℃。
10.权利要求7所述的方法,其中(a)的组合物包含20μg到250μg的所述化合物。
11.权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述容器包含50μg到500μg葡庚糖酸盐。
12.一种试剂盒,所述试剂盒包含具有以下结构的化合物:His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-γAba-Lys(R)(SEQIDNO:1),其中R是与赖氨酸残基的γ-氨基偶联的螯合剂,并且所述螯合剂为:
其中所述化合物被固定在基质上。
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