CN105359839A - Substitute cultivation method for ganoderma applanatum - Google Patents
Substitute cultivation method for ganoderma applanatum Download PDFInfo
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- CN105359839A CN105359839A CN201510981992.5A CN201510981992A CN105359839A CN 105359839 A CN105359839 A CN 105359839A CN 201510981992 A CN201510981992 A CN 201510981992A CN 105359839 A CN105359839 A CN 105359839A
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- nutrient solution
- ganoderma
- sesame
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention discloses a substitute cultivation method for ganoderma applanatum. The method comprises the following steps: processing of saw dust in an earlier stage; material preparation, mixing and stacking for fermentation: preparing materials according to a formula of a culture medium, firstly, mixing the saw dust, auxiliary materials, gypsum and sugar to form dried materials, then adding a nutrient solution, and fully and uniformly stirring to form a culture medium substrate, and after completion of material mixing, stacking for fermentation so as to enable the culture solution to be fully absorbed by the culture medium substrate, and then bagging; sterilization; inoculation; management in a fruiting period; harvesting: harvesting timely when ganoderma lucidum antler is mature. The specially-prepared nutrient solution is adopted to control the water proportion, so that the obtained ganoderma lucidum antler is high in nutritional value, and the polysaccharide content of the obtained ganoderma lucidum antler is increased greatly in comparison with that in the prior art. The used nutrient solution, particularly, the used plant raw material ingredients are subjected to steam explosion, distillation, treatment of a high-shear homogenizer to obtain nanoemulsion-shaped plant oil component which is well compatible to other ingredients in the formula of the culture medium, so that proliferation of multiple cells is stimulated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of edible fungus culture, particularly relate to a kind of ganoderma applanatum substituting stuff cultivation method.
Background technology
Glossy ganoderma (formal name used at school: GanodermaLucidumKarst), also known as polyporus lucidus, celestial grass, have another name called red sesame, red sesame, Ganoderma Lucidum, Ganoderma, 10000 years gill fungus, polyporus lucidus, and being the complete stool of the red sesame of Polyporaceae plant or purple sesame, is the fruit body of On Polyporaceae glossy ganoderma.Profile is umbrella, cap kidney shape, semicircle or subcircular.Glossy ganoderma, as the Chinese tradition valuable ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine having thousands of years medicinal histories, has invigorating qi for tranquilization, relieving cough and asthma effect, and for dizzy egersis, palpitation, consumptive disease is coughed and breathed heavily.Glossy ganoderma possesses very high medical value, and the modern pharmacology research through scientific research institution's many decades confirms, glossy ganoderma, for enhancing body immunity, regulates blood sugar, controls blood pressure, adjuvant therapy chemicotherapy, liver protecting, promotes that the aspects such as sleep all have significant curative effect.GL-B is one of principle active component of glossy ganoderma medicinal function; mainly be present in glossy ganoderma cell wall inwall; major part is beta glucan; its monose composition is except containing except a large amount of glucose; also containing a small amount of arabinose, wood sugar, fucose; rhamnose; galactose and mannose etc.; they are connected with glycosidic bonds such as (1-6) mainly with (1-3), (1-4) greatly; there is biologically active widely, as develop immunitypty, remove human free radical, protect cardiovascular, radioresistance, protection liver, the effect such as antitumor.Triterpenes is also one of active ingredient of glossy ganoderma, and triterpenes contained by glossy ganoderma not lower over one hundred kind, wherein based on tetracyclic triterpenes, the bitter taste of glossy ganoderma is relevant with contained triterpenes, to human hepatoma cell, there is cytotoxicity, also can suppress the release of histamine, have and protect the liver and the effects such as antiallergy.
Ancient Times in China is familiar with to some extent to the medical value of wild ganoderma applanatum for a long time.Just there is the record of " having bacterium sesame person on rotten earth " in B.C. Zhou Dynasty in 11st century " row " book, wherein think: boil the white smell that boils fragrant clearly, the order of drink is bright, brain is clear, calm, kidney is hard, and its treasure also.Be classified as top grade by wild ganoderma applanatum in the Shennong's Herbal of the Eastern Han Dynasty, think there is the effect such as " the beneficial motive ", " peace is frightened ", " tonifying liver benefit gas ", " hard muscles and bones ", " good color ", clothes can " not prolonged life " always for a long time.In " embrace flutter sub-elixir " of Eastern Jin Dynasty Ge Hong, wild ganoderma applanatum is divided into " five sesames ", and specifically describes the ecological habit of " five sesames ", collection and medical value thereof.Its literary composition is said " five sesame persons, have fungid, have wooden sesame, and careless sesame has meat sesame, has bacterium sesame, respectively have hundred to be permitted to plant also ".Ming Dynasty's Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.), in Compendium of Material Medica, inherits the achievement in research of forefathers, simultaneously to forefathers about the mythical viewpoint of wild ganoderma applanatum has made criticism, also more deep to the research of wild ganoderma applanatum.He records and lists the pharmaceutical characteristic of " blue or green sesame, red sesame, Bai Zhi, Huang Zhi, black sesame, purple sesame " six kinds of wild ganoderma applanatums in book, his research and be summarized as the research of descendant to wild ganoderma applanatum and established solid foundation.
From the viewpoint of modern Chinese medicine, wild ganoderma applanatum has three large features: one be avirulence, have no side effect; Two is not specific effective in cure to a certain organ; Three is to impel whole organ function normalization.Along with updating of research means, many scholars have carried out intensive analysis and research to the active chemical of wild ganoderma applanatum, and develop many products, by clinical practice, confirm that he has remarkable result in preventing and curing diseases.
Wild ganoderma applanatum polysaccharide is one of the most effective composition in wild ganoderma applanatum, therefore the attention of extremely medical personal.Refuse to submit, wild ganoderma applanatum polysaccharide has the characteristic of stimulation of host non-specific resistance, immune idiosyncrasy and suppression transplantation tumor physiologically active.Polysaccharide molecular weight shows high inhibition tumor promotion when being greater than 10000, active strong and weak also relevant with the quantity of hydroxyl in the degree of polysaccharide chain bifurcated and side chain.But wild ganoderma applanatum not easily obtains, and carries out artificial cultivation necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of Ganoderma lucidum substituting stuff cultivation medium of with low cost, successful is provided.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution:
A kind of ganoderma applanatum substituting stuff cultivation method, comprises the steps:
1) wood chip processing in early stage: pulverize after the trunk of trees after felling and branch peeling, dry for subsequent use;
2) batching, spice, windrow fermentation: prepare burden according to the formula of medium, first wood chip, auxiliary material, gypsum, sugar mixing are formed siccative, then Ensure Liquid liquid fully mixes formation medium matrix thoroughly, after spice terminates, windrow ferments, nutrient solution is fully absorbed by medium matrix, can pack;
3) sterilizing: will install Bag Material bag and put into sterilizing installation, high pressure steam sterilization or normal-pressure sterilization, moves into cooling chamber by material bag after sterilizing terminates, treats that temperature is down to less than 30 DEG C, can inoculate;
4) inoculate: by Ganoderma lucidum strain inoculation in medium, then postvaccinal bacterium bag is put into culturing room and cultivate, treat that mycelia covers with bacterium bag, proceed to fertility room after surperficial mycelia kink variable color and carry out sesame period management;
5) sesame period management is gone out: control indoor temperature, humidity, CO
2concentration, intensity of illumination, pH value;
6) flower bud period management is dredged: in the young flower bud phase, manually remove small and weak sesame body, leave and take sturdy sesame body;
7) gather: gather in time when Ganoderma lucidum is ripe;
Step 1) described in medium, be made up of the raw material of following weight parts: wood chip 35-70 part, auxiliary material 25-60 part, gypsum 0.5-1.5 part, sugared 0.1-1 part, with nutrient solution control material-water ratio be 1:1.3-1.5;
Described nutrient solution is made up of following part by weight composition:
PH is adjusted to be 6.0 with phosphate buffer;
Described promoter adopts following methods preparation:
1. Feedstock treating: Centipeda minima is clean, drying, pulverizing;
2. Steam explosion treatment: steam blasting tank put into by material step 1. obtained, burst pressure 3.5Mpa, the dwell time maintains 200s;
3. process is distilled: distiller put into by material step 2. obtained, bottom distiller, heating flame or pass into steam, when hot steam is filled in distiller, steam, by condenser pipe, is introduced in condenser, then by oil water separator, collects essential oil;
4. high-shear homogenizing machine process: essential oil step 3. obtained is by high-shear homogenizing machine process, and linear velocity 30m/s, time 5min, makes nano-emulsion, and obtains with filtering with microporous membrane is degerming.
Step 1 of the present invention) described in pulverizing, it is 0.5-1.0cm that preferred powder is broken to particle diameter; Described medium is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: wood chip 42 parts, auxiliary material 53 parts, 1 part, gypsum, sugar 1 part, with nutrient solution control material-water ratio be 1:1.3-1.5; Described wood chip preferably derives from maple and vertebra wood; Described auxiliary material is one or more compositions in cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, when used as a mixture, can be arbitrary proportion.
Step 2) described in windrow fermentation, preferred control fermentation heap internal temperature is 65-70 DEG C, fermentation time is 1-2h, described pack, preferred 17X35X0.05 grade polypropylene plastics fruiting bag, feeds about 400 grams, charging should not be expired very much, material bag two tying, sack is noted cleaning, and prevents later stage living contaminants;
Step 3) described in high pressure steam sterilization, preferably 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1.5-2 hour, normal-pressure sterilization, preferably 100 DEG C of sterilizing 10-12 hour.
Step 4) described in inoculation, preferably according to the inoculum concentration of 1-3% (w/w), described culturing room require clean, clean, ventilate, between bacterium bag, temperature remains between 22-25 DEG C, relative air humidity remains on 55-60, cultivates, generally cultivate 30-40d under non-illuminated conditions.
Step 5) described in go out sesame period management, preferably control indoor temperature 24-28 DEG C, humidity 75-85%, CO
2concentration 0.5-0.9, adopt fixed light source, intensity of illumination 300-4001x, pH value is 5.3-6.7.
Step 6) described in thin flower bud period management, preferably leave and take sturdy sesame body 1-2.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, in prior art, the substituting stuff cultivation medium of preparation glossy ganoderma, controls material-water ratio, generally adopt running water or pure water, the present invention adopts special nutrient solution to control material-water ratio, and being of high nutritive value of the Ganoderma lucidum obtained, polyoses content significantly increases than prior art.Infrared spectrum shows, the GL-B structure obtained of the present invention is mainly the pyranoid form glucan that β-glycosidic bond connects, the principal monosaccharides component of its polysaccharide is glucose, content is about 95% (prior art obtains GL-B about 89%), and containing other a small amount of monosaccharide component D-R, D-wood sugar, D-MANNOSE, D-galactoses, its polysaccharide is mainly with all sugared, and polysaccharide is amorphous structure, and molecular weight is mainly distributed in 8 × 10
4u-2 × 10
5between u, molecular mass is mainly 2 × 10
5the large biological molecule of u.
2, the nutrient solution that the present invention is used, by adding trace metal ion and plant promoting agent, can stimulate the propagation of various kinds of cell.The plant material composition particularly used have passed through steam blasting, distillation, high-shear homogenizing machine process, obtains the plant oil components of nanometer emulsus, and in medium, the compatibility of other formulas is good, and ultimate output increases by more than 16%.
Embodiment
With embodiment, the invention will be further described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Embodiment 1-3:
A kind of ganoderma applanatum substituting stuff cultivation method, comprises the steps:
1) wood chip processing in early stage: being crushed to particle diameter after the trunk of trees after felling and branch being removed the peel is 0.5-1.0cm, dries for subsequent use;
2) batching, spice, windrow fermentation: prepare burden according to the formula of medium, first wood chip, auxiliary material, gypsum, sugar mixing are formed siccative, then Ensure Liquid liquid fully mixes formation medium matrix thoroughly, after spice terminates, windrow ferments, and controlling fermentation heap internal temperature is 65-70 DEG C, and fermentation time is 1-2h, nutrient solution is fully absorbed by medium matrix, can pack;
3) sterilizing: will install Bag Material bag and put into sterilizing installation, high pressure steam sterilization or normal-pressure sterilization, moves into cooling chamber by material bag after sterilizing terminates, treats that temperature is down to less than 30 DEG C, can inoculate;
4) inoculate: Ganoderma lucidum bacterial classification is inoculated in medium according to the inoculum concentration of 1-3% (w/w), then postvaccinal bacterium bag is put into culturing room to cultivate, culturing room requires clean, clean, ventilation, between bacterium bag, temperature remains between 22-25 DEG C, relative air humidity remains on 55-60, cultivates, generally cultivate 30-40d under non-illuminated conditions, treat that mycelia covers with bacterium bag, proceed to fertility room after surperficial mycelia kink variable color and carry out sesame period management;
5) sesame period management is gone out: control indoor temperature 24-28 DEG C, humidity 75-85%, CO
2concentration 0.5-0.9, adopt fixed light source, intensity of illumination 300-4001x, pH value is 5.3-6.7;
6) dredge flower bud period management: in the young flower bud phase, manually remove small and weak sesame body, leave and take sturdy sesame body 1-2;
7) gather: gather in time when Ganoderma lucidum is ripe;
Step 1) described in medium, be made up of the raw material of following weight parts: wood chip 35-70 part, auxiliary material 25-60 part, gypsum 0.5-1.5 part, sugared 0.1-1 part, with nutrient solution control material-water ratio be 1:1.3-1.5;
Described nutrient solution is made up of following part by weight composition:
PH is adjusted to be 6.0 with phosphate buffer;
Described promoter adopts following methods preparation:
1. Feedstock treating: Centipeda minima is clean, drying, pulverizing;
2. Steam explosion treatment: steam blasting tank put into by material step 1. obtained, burst pressure 3.5Mpa, the dwell time maintains 200s;
3. process is distilled: distiller put into by material step 2. obtained, bottom distiller, heating flame or pass into steam, when hot steam is filled in distiller, steam, by condenser pipe, is introduced in condenser, then by oil water separator, collects essential oil;
4. high-shear homogenizing machine process: essential oil step 3. obtained is by high-shear homogenizing machine process, and linear velocity 30m/s, time 5min, makes nano-emulsion, and obtains with filtering with microporous membrane is degerming.
The cultivation method reference example of comparative example.
The constituent analysis of the Ganoderma lucidum adopting embodiment and comparative example to obtain:
Result shows, the Ganoderma lucidum polyoses content that the embodiment of the present invention obtains is significantly higher than comparative example.
Claims (4)
1. a ganoderma applanatum substituting stuff cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) wood chip processing in early stage: pulverize after the trunk of trees after felling and branch peeling, dry for subsequent use;
2) batching, spice, windrow fermentation: prepare burden according to the formula of medium, first wood chip, auxiliary material, gypsum, sugar mixing are formed siccative, then Ensure Liquid liquid fully mixes formation medium matrix thoroughly, after spice terminates, windrow ferments, nutrient solution is fully absorbed by medium matrix, can pack;
3) sterilizing: will install Bag Material bag and put into sterilizing installation, high pressure steam sterilization or normal-pressure sterilization, moves into cooling chamber by material bag after sterilizing terminates, treats that temperature is down to less than 30 DEG C, can inoculate;
4) inoculate: by Ganoderma lucidum strain inoculation in medium, then postvaccinal bacterium bag is put into culturing room and cultivate, treat that mycelia covers with bacterium bag, proceed to fertility room after surperficial mycelia kink variable color and carry out sesame period management;
5) sesame period management is gone out: control indoor temperature, humidity, CO
2concentration, intensity of illumination, pH value;
6) flower bud period management is dredged: in the young flower bud phase, manually remove small and weak sesame body, leave and take sturdy sesame body;
7) gather: gather in time when Ganoderma lucidum is ripe;
Step 1) described in medium, be made up of the raw material of following weight parts: wood chip 35-70 part, auxiliary material 25-60 part, gypsum 0.5-1.5 part, sugared 0.1-1 part, with nutrient solution control material-water ratio be 1:1.3-1.5;
Described nutrient solution is made up of following part by weight composition:
PH is adjusted to be 6.0 with phosphate buffer;
Described promoter adopts following methods preparation:
1. Feedstock treating: Centipeda minima is clean, drying, pulverizing;
2. Steam explosion treatment: steam blasting tank put into by material step 1. obtained, burst pressure 3.5Mpa, the dwell time maintains 200s;
3. process is distilled: distiller put into by material step 2. obtained, bottom distiller, heating flame or pass into steam, when hot steam is filled in distiller, steam, by condenser pipe, is introduced in condenser, then by oil water separator, collects essential oil;
4. high-shear homogenizing machine process: essential oil step 3. obtained is by high-shear homogenizing machine process, and linear velocity 30m/s, time 5min, makes nano-emulsion, and obtains with filtering with microporous membrane is degerming.
2. a kind of ganoderma applanatum substituting stuff cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1) described in medium be made up of the raw material of following weight parts: wood chip 42 parts, auxiliary material 53 parts, 1 part, gypsum, sugar 1 part, with nutrient solution control material-water ratio be 1:1.3-1.5.
3. a kind of ganoderma applanatum substituting stuff cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1) described in wood chip derive from maple and vertebra wood.
4. a kind of ganoderma applanatum substituting stuff cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 5) described in go out sesame period management, control indoor temperature 24-28 DEG C, humidity 75-85%, CO
2concentration 0.5-0.9, adopt fixed light source, intensity of illumination 300-4001x, pH value is 5.3-6.7.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN103650899A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-26 | 天津市星河系科技有限公司 | Method enabling lucid ganoderma and conidial powder of lucid ganoderma to be rich in microelements |
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- 2015-12-24 CN CN201510981992.5A patent/CN105359839A/en active Pending
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