CN105358203A - 用于麻醉的头盔 - Google Patents

用于麻醉的头盔 Download PDF

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CN105358203A
CN105358203A CN201480033988.XA CN201480033988A CN105358203A CN 105358203 A CN105358203 A CN 105358203A CN 201480033988 A CN201480033988 A CN 201480033988A CN 105358203 A CN105358203 A CN 105358203A
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P·基利安洛迪
A·维托
A·沃格勒
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University of Illinois
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/04—Gas helmets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G13/00—Operating tables; Auxiliary appliances therefor
    • A61G13/10—Parts, details or accessories
    • A61G13/12—Rests specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of patient-supporting surfaces
    • A61G13/1205—Rests specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of patient-supporting surfaces for specific parts of the body
    • A61G13/121—Head or neck
    • A61G13/1215—Head or neck with patient airway positioning devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0087—Environmental safety or protection means, e.g. preventing explosion
    • A61M16/009—Removing used or expired gases or anaesthetic vapours
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0402—Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for
    • A61M16/0409—Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for with mean for closing the oesophagus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A61M16/0605—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient
    • A61M16/0627—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with sealing means on a part of the body other than the face, e.g. helmets, hoods or domes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/08—Component parts for gas-masks or gas-helmets, e.g. windows, straps, speech transmitters, signal-devices
    • A62B18/10—Valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/01—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes specially adapted for anaesthetising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02—Gases
    • A61M2202/0208—Oxygen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02—Gases
    • A61M2202/0241—Anaesthetics; Analgesics

Abstract

描述了一种麻醉头盔，其适用于将麻醉气体保持局限并将麻醉气体以非侵入的方式给予躺在手术台上的患者，从而在紧急时允许通过管道和快速入口为患者的头部提供氧气和/或麻醉气体。头盔具有下半壳体和上半壳体，下半壳体在解剖学上形状做成接收和支撑躺着的患者的颈背和颈部，上半壳体和下半壳体具有相互固定的紧固装置，并且所述上半壳体和所述下半壳体配置成相互装配并装配到所述患者的颈部或躯干，从而形成围住患者头部的实质上气密封包围空间，在所述下半壳体和/或所述上半壳体上限定有用来供应气体的至少一个入口端口和用来排出气体的至少一个出口端口。

Description

用于麻醉的头盔
相关申请交叉引用
本申请要求2013年6月13提交的美国临时申请61/834510的优先权，该申请以全文引用的方式纳入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种躺在手术台上的患者佩戴的麻醉头盔。
背景技术
气管插管是在手术患者的麻醉中使用的医疗步骤，其在防止麻醉气体泄漏到手术室的同时与肺部进行通气，泄漏到手术室的麻醉气体可能会对工作人员造成影响。然而，气管插管是侵入性的并且患者会很不舒服。
为了解决这个问题，已经有文献提出用于人工呼吸的头盔。PCT公布WO2007/128571公开了一种头盔，其具有用于气密性应用到颈部的颈圈装置。PCT公布WO03/097145公开了一种在没有气管导管帮助下用于人工呼吸的头盔，其具有气密性应用到患者颈部的由刚性环制成的颈圈。美国专利2742900公开了一种用于儿童的太空头盔式的麻醉进料器，包括围绕患者头部和颈部的圆筒体以及位于头盔底部的多个凹槽，该多个凹槽与患者的肩部的大致轮廓松配合。
当然也可能使用面具，但如果面具未压紧患者面部的话，与其相关的是麻醉气体可能穿过面具泄漏到室内。这可通过在待手术的患者的头部环绕弹性件来解决。不幸的是，如果患者的头部或颈部遭受外伤，则其将不能移动。因此，利用上述现有文献中公开的头盔是不可能的，以及当麻醉施加在面具上时，助理要致力于将面具保持在患者脸上并轻柔地将面具压在患者脸上。肺部的有效通气也可能由水肿、患者舌头转动、以及气体泄漏(其降低通气压力)而受到负面影响。
存在未满足的技术需求以安全和舒适地向经受外科手术的患者施用麻醉气体，并同时防止气体逃逸到手术室。
发明内容
发现了一种麻醉头盔，其适用于将麻醉气体保持局限并将麻醉气体以非侵入的方式给予躺在手术台上的患者。根据本发明的一实施例，该头盔允许在急救时通过管道和快速入口为患者的头部提供氧气和/或麻醉气体，因为该头盔具有下半壳体和上半壳体。下半壳体在解剖学上形状做成接收和支撑躺着的患者的颈背和颈部，上半壳体和下半壳体具有相互紧固的紧固装置，并且所述上半壳体和所述下半壳体配置成相互装配并装配到所述患者的颈部或躯干，从而形成围住患者头部的实质上气密封包围空间，在所述下半壳体和/或所述上半壳体上限定有用来供应气体的至少一个入口端口和用来排出气体的至少一个出口端口。
在一个实施例中，所述下半壳体和所述上半壳体相互铰接。
根据本公开的一个实施例，手术台包括上文限定的头盔和用来将所述头盔的下半壳体以可移除的方式固定到手术台的平躺面的装置。
所提交的权利要求是本说明书的组成部分，并且通过引用纳入本文。
附图简要说明
图1示出根据一实施例的头盔，其下半壳体被固定到手术台上以支撑躺下的患者的颈背和颈部。
图2示出根据本公开一实施例的佩戴头盔在麻醉下的患者，该头盔围住患者的头部。
图3是图1的头盔的局剖图，其示出喉罩，该喉罩安装于在头盔的上半壳体内形成的孔中并通过环绕该孔的环形壁引导。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出本公开的麻醉头盔的一个实施例。该头盔主要包括下半壳体804、上半壳体802以及用来通过入口管816供应气体的至少一个入口和用来通过出口管818排出气体的至少一个出口，下半壳体804在解剖学上形状做成来接纳和支撑躺下的患者的颈背和颈部，上半壳体802设计成装配到下半壳体804以及患者的颈部或躯干。
在所示的实施例中，入口和出口被限定在下半壳体804上，但是将其限定在上半壳体802上也是可能的。
根据本公开的一个实施例，当头盔打开时，患者的头容纳于头盔的下半壳体804内，以及上半壳体802在下半壳体804上方关闭从而围住患者的头部。根据本公开的一个实施例，在不移动头部或颈部的情况下，患者的头可以利用头盔围住以麻醉或自由通气，这在治疗创伤大的患者时是非常值得推荐的。
头盔可以由不透气的透明材料制成。当头盔打开时，上半壳体802和下半壳体804匹配形成一个实质上气密封，从而防止麻醉气体逸出。这可以通过多种装置来完成，例如通过上半壳体和下半壳体的接触边缘的气密形状配合，或通过在上半壳体和下半壳体之一或上半壳体和下半壳体两者的接触边缘上涂覆适于形成气密封的材料，诸如橡胶O密封形圈，或如图1所示，通过将密封圈812安装到上半壳体(或下半壳体)。
在一个实施例中，头盔具有大致球形形状，以及上半壳体802和下半壳体804环绕球状周界并在与手术台实质上平行的平面上相互装配。
在一个实施例中，头盔还包括用来将下半壳体固定到手术台的装置814。例如这种装置可以包括带件或任何各种紧固件，诸如卡扣、钩和环形(VelcroTM)紧固件等。作为一种选择，头盔的下半壳体804可构成手术台的头枕，以便将待手术的患者放置于该头枕上。
在一个实施例中，头盔具有解剖学形状部分，其设计来与患者的颈部或躯体形成气密封。这可以通过例如将气密封帽边806环绕患者的颈部密封的方式来完成。作为替代，头盔也可以密封到围住患者躯干的覆盖物。一个适合的覆盖物例如在美国未决临时专利申请61/834506中所公开的，其以全文引用并的方式纳入本文。
头盔的上半壳体和下半壳体可以通过任意各种紧固件、铰链或其组合相互紧固。这些紧固件被设计成方便地允许在紧急情况下快速开启头盔，而无需移动患者的头部。
在一个实施例中，上半壳体802通过铰链811以及任选的一个或多个紧固件(图未示)来接合到下半壳体804。如果需要的话，上半壳体802还可以包括手柄810以使容易开启和移除头盔。
如图所示，头盔的下半壳体804可以包括用于引入麻醉气体的一个或多个入口端口以及用于排出气体的一个或多个出口端口。这些端口被设计来固定将气体引入头盔或从头盔吸出气体的软管。例如，端口可包括简单的包括密封帽边或垫圈的开口，可以通过该开口将软管插入头盔。
作为替代方案，端口可以包括位于头盔外表面上的喷嘴，软管可以通过夹具来装配到喷嘴和可选地固定到喷嘴。
在一个实施例中，入口端口和/或出口端口也可以进一步包括用来控制麻醉气体供应和吸出的阀门(或多个阀门)。阀门(或多个阀门)可手动或自动打开和关闭。在一个实施例中，在头盔被打开时，用来引入麻醉气体的阀门(或多个阀门)是自动关闭的。
如图1和图3的局剖图所示，在头盔的上半壳体802上形成孔。该孔通过柔性膜820关闭从而保持头盔密封性。环绕该孔形成环形壁822，环形壁822可用来安装和引导喉罩，喉罩用于图3所示意性示出的患者插管。如图3所示，在插入喉罩时，阀820被打开以及罩826由诸如824A和824B的环形壁引导。头盔的密封由阀820和罩826之间的接触来保证。
应当理解，前面的详细描述只是说明性的，其不应用来限制本公开的实施例的范围，本公开的实施例的范围仅由所附的权利要求及其等同来限定。所公开的实施例的各种改变和修改对本领域的技术人员将是显而易见的。
实施例
1.一种在手术期间供躺在手术台上的患者佩戴的透明头盔，包括：
a)上半壳体；以及
b)下半壳体，所述下半壳体包括一个或多个气体供给端口以及一个或多个气体排出端口，
其中所述上半壳体和所述下半壳体相互装配并装配到患者的颈部或躯干，从而形成围住患者头部的实质上气密封包围空间，以及所述上半壳体和所述下半壳体通过一个或多个固定件相互紧固。
2.实施例1的头盔还包括位于所述上半壳体和所述下半壳体之间的气密密封圈。
3.实施例2的头盔实质上呈球形。
4.实施例3的头盔，其中所述头盔的上半壳体和下半壳体环绕球状周界并在与手术台实质上平行的平面上相互装配。
5.实施例1的头盔，所述头盔的上半壳体和下半壳体通过铰链连接。
6.实施例5的头盔，所述上半壳体还包括手柄。
7.实施例1的头盔，所述端口还包括阀。
8.实施例7的头盔，所述气体供给端口上的所述阀还包括当头盔开启时用来自动关闭所述阀的装置。
9.实施例1的头盔，还包括用来将所述下半壳体固定到所述手术台的装置。

Claims (11)

1.一种适于躺在手术台上的患者佩戴的头盔，其特征在于，所述头盔包括：
下半壳体和上半壳体；以及
所述下半壳体在解剖学上形状做成接纳和支撑躺着的患者的颈背和颈部，
其中所述上半壳体和所述下半壳体具有相互紧固的紧固装置，并且所述上半壳体和所述下半壳体配置成相互装配并装配到所述患者的颈部或躯干，从而形成围住患者头部的实质上气密封包围空间；以及
其中在所述下半壳体和/或所述上半壳体上限定有用来供应气体的至少一个入口端口和用来排出气体的至少一个出口端口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的头盔，其特征在于，所述下半壳体和所述上半壳体相互铰接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的头盔，其特征在于，所述头盔还包括用来将所述下半壳体固定到所述手术台的装置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的头盔，其特征在于，所述头盔还包括密封垫圈，所述密封垫圈安装于所述下半壳体和上半壳体上，从而在所述上半壳体关闭到所述下半壳体上时环绕患者的颈部或躯干。
5.根据权利要求1所述的头盔，其特征在于，所述至少一个入口端口限定在所述下半壳体上并设置有入口阀。
6.根据权利要求5所述的头盔，其特征在于，所述头盔还包括用来在所述头盔通过抬起所述上半壳体打开时关闭所述入口阀的装置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的头盔，其特征在于，所述上半壳体包括手柄。
8.根据权利要求1所述的头盔，其特征在于，所述头盔由透明硬质材料制成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的头盔，其特征在于，所述上半壳体具有通过柔性膜关闭的孔，所述孔和所述柔性膜配置成允许插入喉罩，该喉罩用于患者插管。
10.一种手术台，所述手术台包括适于躺在所述手术台上的患者佩戴的头盔，其特征在于，所述头盔包括下半壳体和上半壳体，所述下半壳体在解剖学上形状做成接纳和支撑躺着的患者的颈背和颈部，所述上半壳体和所述下半壳体相互装配以及装配到所述患者的颈部或躯干，从而形成围住患者头部的实质上气密封包围空间，所述头盔还包括用来以可移除的方式将所述下半壳体固定到所述手术台的平躺用平面的装置，以及限定在所述下半壳体和/或所述上半壳体上的用来供应气体的至少一个入口端口和用来排出气体的至少一个出口端口。
11.根据权利要求10所述的手术台，其特征在于，所述至少一个入口端口限定在所述下半壳体上并设置有入口阀，以及所述头盔的所述下半壳体包括用来在所述头盔通过升高所述上半壳体开启时关闭所述入口阀的装置。
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