CN105352694A - Drop hammer for impact test for simulating energy consumption of impact body - Google Patents
Drop hammer for impact test for simulating energy consumption of impact body Download PDFInfo
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- CN105352694A CN105352694A CN201510690177.3A CN201510690177A CN105352694A CN 105352694 A CN105352694 A CN 105352694A CN 201510690177 A CN201510690177 A CN 201510690177A CN 105352694 A CN105352694 A CN 105352694A
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- sleeve
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- movable depression
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a drop hammer for an impact test for simulating energy consumption of an impact body. The drop hammer comprises an impact head, a movable pressure rod, and a movable pressure rod head, wherein the impact head, the movable pressure rod and the movable pressure rod head are connected sequentially. The drop hammer also comprises a sleeve which sleeves the upper part of the movable pressure rod and the exterior of the movable pressure rod head, an energy storage structure which is disposed between the sleeve and an impact head and used for storing elastic potential energy generated during the impact of the drop hammer, and a balance weight fixed at the top of the sleeve. The balance weight is disposed on a guide rail in a sleeving manner, and can move up and down along the guide rail along with the sleeve, the impact head, the movable pressure rod and the movable pressure rod head. The sleeve is provided with a clamping part, and the clamping part is used for clamping the movable pressure rod head on the sleeve when the movable pressure rod head moves to an upper stopping point relative to the sleeve, thereby maintaining the compression state of an energy storage spring. The drop hammer employs the energy storage spring for compression and potential energy absorption, so as to simulate the energy consumption of the impact body in an impact process, thereby iron out a defect that a rigid drop hammer commonly employed in a current impact test cannot simulate the energy consumption characteristics of the impact body in an actual impact process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of impulse test simulating impact body power consumption with dropping hammer, being particularly useful for the impulse test of civil engineering structure and component, the impact of impact body self power consumption on the impact mechanical performance of the structural elements that is hit can be simulated.
Background technology
At present, impact mechanical performance experimental study is carried out to civil engineering structure component, more employing free fall type drops hammer or pendulum impact test system, as impact body drop hammer or pendulum be all adopt steel make rigidity original paper, drop hammer in impact process and be in elastic stage, rigidity is large, is out of shape little, absorbs energy small in ignoring.
And from practical experience, in the impact event of reality, larger expendable plastic yield (larger plastic yield can occur as during the collision such as automobile, boats and ships civil engineering structure) may be there is in impact body, this plastic yield absorbs a large amount of collision energies, decrease the shock input energy of the structural elements that is hit, and extend the time of impact process.Impact energy and the shock duration of input are all the key factors affecting structural elements impact mechanical performance.
Applicant finds after studying for a long period of time, the rigidity generally adopted in the impulse test of current civil engineering structure component is dropped hammer and pendulum can not react the feature that in real impact event, impact body self plasticity consumes energy, and then the research of impact to the impact mechanical performance of structural elements in real impact event.The invention provides a kind of simulate impact body self power consumption impulse test with dropping hammer.
Summary of the invention
For the rigidity adopted in existing civil engineering structure component impulse test drop hammer and pendulum can not reflect that in real impact event, impact body self exists this technical deficiency of plasticity energy dissipation behavior, the present invention aim to provide a kind of simulate impact body power consumption impulse test with dropping hammer, this drops hammer and can simulate the characteristic of the power consumption of impact body self plasticity in impact process truly, thus provides guidance for the research of the impact mechanical performance of structural elements in real impact event.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of simulate impact body power consumption impulse test with dropping hammer, its design feature comprises
Impact head, movable depression bar and movable depression bar head that-vertical layout connects successively;
-sleeve, it is sleeved on outside movable depression bar top and movable depression bar head;
-energy storing structure, the elastic potential energy produced during for storing drop impact; And
--counterweight, is fixed on sleeve top, and this counterweight is sleeved on guide rail, and can move up and down along guide rail with first of sleeve, impact head, movable depression bar and movable depression bar; The card-bit part that movable depression bar head can be locked in sleeve top described sleeve is equipped with.
Thus, under impact force action, energy storing structure stocks elastic potential energy, when movable depression bar moves to sleeve top (top dead centre), card-bit part locking activity depression bar head, stop the release of energy storing structure elastic potential energy, simulate by the elastic potential energy of stocking the power consumption that in real impact event, impact body self plastic yield occurs.
According to embodiments of the invention, further optimization can also be done to the present invention, below for optimizing the rear technical scheme formed:
For the ease of impact body when understanding impact in real time to the size of the elastic potential energy that the impulsive force size of target assault target and impact body self energy storing structure store, be provided with the piezoelectric force transducer being in preloading condition between described impact head and movable depression bar, described sleeve bottom is equipped with laser displacement sensor.Described impact head central authorities are provided with the cylindrical hole laying piezoelectric force transducer, and cylindrical hole size carries out design modifying according to piezoelectric force transducer size.Described piezoelectric force transducer needs to be in preloading condition before the test, therefore applies pretightning force by the coupling bolt tightened between impact head and movable depression bar to piezoelectric force transducer during assembling.
As a kind of concrete version, the screens end that described card-bit part comprises card-bit part guide rod, is sleeved on the back-moving spring on card-bit part guide rod and is connected with card-bit part guide rod through threaded; Described sleeve is equipped with fixed mount, and described back-moving spring is between sleeve outer wall and fixed mount, and the wall of described sleeve has the screens end mounting hole passed through for screens end, described fixed mount is provided with card-bit part guide rod mounting hole; The inner of described screens end has ramp structure or curved-surface structure, and described movable depression bar head relative motion depression bar has the screens platform coordinating with screens end and fix.Preferably, sleeve wall has square hole, the fixed mount on sleeve has circular hole, and square hole and center of circular hole align, and screens end has the projection of similar pin effect in the part of sleeve outside, and screens end is the curved surface with certain radian in sleeve inner.Card-bit part is arranged on the position of square hole and circular hole.Preferably, card-bit part guide rod and screens end are threaded connection.
In the present invention, there is certain initial compression distortion after the back-moving spring length of selection ensures to install, thus have original pressure effect to screens end.Preferred screens end has the cruciform of similar pin effect protruding in the part of sleeve outside, too much stretches into sleeve inner for stoping screens end under return spring pressure.
Preferably, described screens end and movable depression bar head are all the curved surfaces with certain radian, both energy smooth engagement, when movable depression bar head moves upward, screens end moves under the acting force of movable depression bar head outside sleeve, when screens end is crossed in movable depression bar head bottom surface, screens end by the pressure of back-moving spring resilience block movable depression bar, make energy-stored spring be fixed on compressive state.
As a kind of concrete version of locking activity depression bar head, the side surface of described movable depression bar head is the curved surface with certain radian, and the radius of a circle of curved surface down increases successively from end face, thus, during impact, movable depression bar capitiform wedgewise structure, extrudes card-bit part, by force when movable depression bar head moves to top dead centre, card-bit part is positioned at movable depression bar head bottom and is subject to back-moving spring restoring force effect resilience, thus is locked on sleeve by movable depression bar head.Preferred movable depression bar and movable depression bar head are threaded connection.
Preferably, described energy storing structure is the energy-stored spring being sleeved on movable depression bar bottom, and this energy-stored spring is between described sleeve bottom end and the boss of movable depression bar bottom.Thus, energy-stored spring is arranged between movable depression bar and sleeve, plays the effect of storage of potential energy.Described movable depression bar can be free to slide in sleeve inner, between movable depression bar and sleeve, energy-stored spring is set, the power that is hit during impact effect activity depression bar stocks elastic potential energy toward energy-stored spring compression while sleeve top movements, when movable depression bar moves to sleeve top, card-bit part locking activity depression bar head, stop energy-stored spring resilience, the power consumption that in the simulation of potential energy real impact event of being stocked by spring, impact body self plastic yield occurs.
Preferably, described energy-stored spring can adopt different rigidity in different tests, and the power consumption according to spring is directly proportional to rigidity, by changing the impact body power consumption of the different amount of spring rate simulation.Its length value ensures that each parts have assembled rear spring and had certain initial compression amount.
For the ease of guiding and minimizing resistance, between described movable depression bar and sleeve, be provided with linear bearing; Described counterweight and guide rail are also provided with linear bearing.Thus, movable depression bar can move freely through the linear bearing be placed in sleeve.
Described counterweight comprises the counterweight base be fixedly connected with sleeve, and is fixed at least one piece of balancing weight in counterweight base.Described balancing weight according to actual tests needs, can increase or reduce quantity or do not use.Preferably, grapple can be equipped with in described balancing weight top or counterweight base top, can be connected with the elevating mechanism dropped hammer.
The outside wall surface of described sleeve and the bottom outside wall surface of movable depression bar are equipped with boss, are provided with the loaded and unloaded web member linked together by the boss of the boss of sleeve and movable depression bar between the boss of this sleeve and the boss of movable depression bar.Preferably, described web member is connecting screw rod, and the connecting screw rod of described movable depression bar and sleeve is not installed when carrying out impulse test, and this screw rod only uses during recovery device original state after Assembly of the parts and test.During Assembly of the parts formula, if energy-stored spring rigidity is comparatively large, when being inconvenient to carry out compression installation, force of compression can be applied by the connecting screw rod of movable depression bar and sleeve.After test, for taking out card-bit part smoothly, first tighten each screw rod equably, the power coming from energy-stored spring compression generation of being born by card-bit part transfers to screw rod, after card-bit part to be removed, then loosen each screw rod pulling force uniformly, make energy-stored spring steadily recover to test front state.
When testing use, reflective film is posted on the opposite of described laser displacement sensor, so that laser displacement sensor measures the compression deformation of energy-stored spring.
Preferably, the distance that described card-bit part corresponds to the square hole distance from top sleeve top inner surface that sleeve wall is installed equals the height of movable depression bar head boss.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention can measure the elastic potential energy time-histories that impulsive force time-histories and the energy storing structure that drops hammer absorb, different impact body energy consumptions can be simulated by the parameter changing energy-stored spring, under can be used for the different impact mass of research and impact velocity, impact body self impact of plasticity power consumption on the impact mechanical performance of the structural elements that is hit in various degree, obtains the more real dynamic response of Members Under Impact Loading.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 a is the structure principle chart of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 1 b is the longitudinal profile schematic diagram of Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 2 a is the vertical view of impact head of the present invention;
Fig. 2 b is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 2 a;
Fig. 3 a is the structural representation of sleeve of the present invention;
Fig. 3 b is the longitudinal profile schematic diagram of Fig. 3 a;
Fig. 4 is the wiring layout of card-bit part of the present invention and sleeve;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of card-bit part of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the wiring layout of movable depression bar of the present invention and depression bar head;
Fig. 7 is the constitutional diagram of energy-stored spring and movable depression bar in impact process.
In the drawings
1-impact head; The movable depression bar of 2-; 3-piezoelectric force transducer; 4-energy-stored spring; 5-sleeve; 6-linear bearing; The movable depression bar head of 7-; 8-card-bit part; 9-laser displacement sensor; 10-screw rod; 11-counterweight base; 12-balancing weight; 13-grapple; 14-guide rail; 15,24-force snesor wire outlet; 16-screens end mounting hole; 17-guide rod mounting hole; 18-fixed mount; 19-linear bearing fixed head installation screw; 20-linear bearing installation site; 21-card-bit part guide rod; 22-back-moving spring; 23-screens end; 25-spring washer; 26-linear bearing fixed head; 27-inner ring screw.
Embodiment
A kind of simulate impact body power consumption impulse test with dropping hammer, as shown in Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 7, bottom is impact head 1, piezoelectric force transducer 3 is had between impact head 1 and movable depression bar 2, impact head 1 is connected by bolt with movable depression bar 2, by tighting a bolt to piezoelectric force transducer applying pretightning force during installation, force snesor wire passes in and out from hole 15 and hole 24, energy-stored spring 4 is between movable depression bar 2 and sleeve 5, movable depression bar 2 through the linear bearing 6 be placed in sleeve 5 can piston movable, movable depression bar head 7 is connected with motion bar 2 by screw thread, depression bar card-bit part 8 penetrates wall inner portion from sleeve wall by screens end mounting hole 16, laser displacement sensor 9 is installed on sleeve bottom, screw rod 10 can connect motion bar 2 and sleeve 5, counterweight base 11 and sleeve 5 are bolted, counterweight base 11, all be bolted between balancing weight 12 and hook 13, linear bearing 6 is set between guide rail 14 and counterweight base 11.
As shown in Fig. 3 ~ Fig. 5, card-bit part is arranged on sleeve.Card-bit part is made up of (Fig. 5) three parts, comprises card-bit part guide rod 21, back-moving spring 22 and screens end 23.Card-bit part guide rod 21 and screens end 23 are threaded connection.When card-bit part is installed, first screens end 23 is stretched into the screens end mounting hole 16 on sleeve 5, again card-bit part guide rod 21 is passed the guide rod mounting hole 17 on fixed mount 18, then back-moving spring 22 is through card-bit part guide rod 21, finally card-bit part guide rod 21 and screens end 23 is passed through screwed tight.
In Fig. 6 before movable depression bar 2, the assembling of movable depression bar head 7, first the screw rod that movable depression bar 2 is connected with impact head 1 is put into the inner ring screw 27 of movable depression bar, by good by bolts assemblies with impact head 1 for movable depression bar 2, put spring washer 25(Fig. 7 more successively), energy-stored spring 4, linear bearing fixed head 26(Fig. 7), linear bearing 6, finally movable depression bar head 7 is threaded with movable depression bar 2.After carrying out aforementioned assembling, again movable depression bar 2 and movable depression bar head 7 are stretched in sleeve 5, linear bearing 6 is made to be arranged on position 20 in Fig. 3 b, bearing lower end is concordant with sleeve 5 bottom surface, then by the screw 19 in Fig. 3, the linear bearing fixed head 26 in Fig. 7 is connected and fixed with sleeve 2 with bolt, prevents sleeve from gliding.
In Fig. 2, in the middle part of impact head 1, great circle post holes can put into piezoelectric force transducer 3, and then is bolted with movable depression bar 2.As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 6, notice during assembling that the hole 15 on impact head 1 aligns with the hole 24 on movable depression bar, facilitate sensor conductor to pass in and out.
Screw rod 10 in Fig. 1 is not installed when impulse test.During test, state is as Fig. 7, does not install screw rod 10, and energy-stored spring 4 is compressed, and movable depression bar 2 and movable depression bar head 7 are toward sleeve 5 top movements (as shown in Figure 1) simultaneously, is engaged maintenance energy-stored spring be in compressive state after arriving top by card-bit part 8.After impulse test, screw rod 10 is installed, is applied the pressure of pretightning force opposing Compress Spring by nut, the power suffered by card-bit part 8 is offloaded to zero, and takes out card-bit part (back-outed by card-bit part guide rod 21, then take out back-moving spring 22 and screens end 23).And then the even loosen nut of surrounding, make energy-stored spring steadily be returned to the front original state of test.
During test, reflective film need be pasted in the opposite of laser displacement sensor 9, to ensure to measure the time-histories of energy-stored spring compression deformation.
Be connected by bolt between counterweight base 11 with sleeve 5 in Fig. 1, counterweight base and balancing weight 12 are clamped together by double threaded screw, according to the needs of impact mass, can adopt the balancing weight of different quality, polylith balancing weight combines.Grapple 13 drops hammer for lifting together with being fastened by bolts with the balancing weight of most top layer.Linear bearing 6 is laid, to reduce the resistance dropped hammer in dropping process between counterweight base 11 and guide rail.
The present invention is mainly used in the impulse test of civil engineering structure and component, and energy-stored spring compression during test, movable depression bar is to sleeve tip motions, and when movable depression bar outreaches, multiple depression bar card-bit part fixes movable depression bar, stops spring resilience under spring force.Absorb impact body self plasticity power consumption in simulation of potential energy impact process by energy-stored spring compression, solve the rigidity generally adopted in current impulse test and drop hammer and can not simulate the deficiency of impact body self plasticity energy dissipation behavior in real impact process.
The content that above-described embodiment is illustrated should be understood to these embodiments only for being illustrated more clearly in the present invention, and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen into the application's claims limited range.
Claims (10)
1. the impulse test simulating impact body power consumption is with dropping hammer, and it is characterized in that, comprises
Impact head (1), movable depression bar (2) and movable depression bar head (7) that-vertical layout connects successively;
-sleeve (5), it is sleeved on movable depression bar (2) top and movable depression bar head (7) outward;
-energy storing structure, for storing the elastic potential energy produced when impact head (1) impacts; And
--counterweight, is fixed on sleeve (5) top, and this counterweight is sleeved on guide rail (14), and can move up and down along guide rail (14) with sleeve (5), impact head (1), movable depression bar (2) and movable depression bar head (7);
Described sleeve (5) being equipped with card-bit part (8), when this card-bit part (8) for moving to top dead centre on movable depression bar head (7) relative sleeve (5), movable depression bar head (7) being locked on sleeve (5).
2. the impulse test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 is with dropping hammer, it is characterized in that, be provided with the piezoelectric force transducer (3) being in preloading condition between described impact head (1) and movable depression bar (2), laser displacement sensor (9) is equipped with in described sleeve (5) bottom.
3. the impulse test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 is with dropping hammer, it is characterized in that, the screens end (23) that described card-bit part (8) is comprised card-bit part guide rod (21), is sleeved on the back-moving spring (22) on card-bit part guide rod (21) and is connected by screw thread with card-bit part guide rod (21); Fixed mount (18) described sleeve (5) is equipped with, described back-moving spring (22) is positioned between sleeve (5) outer wall and fixed mount (18), the wall of described sleeve (5) has the screens end mounting hole (16) passed through for screens end (23), described fixed mount (18) is provided with card-bit part guide rod mounting hole (17); The inner of described screens end (23) has ramp structure or curved-surface structure, and described movable depression bar head (7) relative motion depression bar (2) has and coordinates with screens end (23) the screens platform fixed.
4. the impulse test of the simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 or 3 is with dropping hammer, and it is characterized in that, the side surface of described movable depression bar head (7) is the curved surface with certain radian, and the radius of a circle of curved surface down increases successively from end face.
5. the impulse test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 is with dropping hammer, it is characterized in that, described energy storing structure is for being sleeved on the energy-stored spring (4) of movable depression bar (2) bottom, and this energy-stored spring (4) is positioned between the boss of described sleeve (5) bottom and movable depression bar (2) bottom.
6. the impulse test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 is with dropping hammer, and it is characterized in that, is provided with linear bearing (6) between described movable depression bar (2) and sleeve (5); Described counterweight and guide rail (14) are also provided with linear bearing.
7. the impulse test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 is with dropping hammer, it is characterized in that, described counterweight comprises the counterweight base (11) be fixedly connected with sleeve (5), and is fixed at least one piece of balancing weight (12) in counterweight base (11).
8. the impulse test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 7 is with dropping hammer, and it is characterized in that, grapple (13) is equipped with at described balancing weight (12) top.
9. the impulse test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 is with dropping hammer, it is characterized in that, the outside wall surface of described sleeve (5) and the bottom outside wall surface of movable depression bar (2) are equipped with boss, are provided with the loaded and unloaded web member linked together by the boss of the boss of sleeve (5) and movable depression bar (2) between the boss of this sleeve (5) and the boss of movable depression bar (2).
10. the impulse test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 is with dropping hammer, and it is characterized in that, reflective film is posted on the opposite of described laser displacement sensor (9).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510690177.3A CN105352694B (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2015-10-22 | A kind of impact test for simulating impact body power consumption is with dropping hammer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510690177.3A CN105352694B (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2015-10-22 | A kind of impact test for simulating impact body power consumption is with dropping hammer |
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| CN105352694B CN105352694B (en) | 2018-03-09 |
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Cited By (11)
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| CN106198227A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Accumulation of energy drop hammer type coupled static-dynamic loadingi assay device |
| CN106226018A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-14 | 西安交通大学 | One is dropped hammer release system and the method for releasing that drops hammer |
| CN107884289A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-06 | 百奥森（江苏）食品安全科技有限公司 | A kind of shock testing device |
| CN108593237A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 西南交通大学 | The impact test jump bit of impact head and its composition |
| CN108593238A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-28 | 中北大学 | Long pulsewidth amplitude Pneumatic immpacting and weather synthetic chemistry laboratory experimental rig |
| CN109187017A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-11 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of new-type rolling bearing radial loading device and its application method |
| CN109238618A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of cutter impact property test device |
| CN109489895A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-03-19 | 深圳和而泰数据资源与云技术有限公司 | A kind of pressure-sensitivity test method and device |
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| CN111879605A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-11-03 | 长安大学 | Impact loading device with adjustable contact rigidity and contact rigidity adjusting method thereof |
| CN113607362A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-11-05 | 东莞市恒宇仪器有限公司 | Multifunctional shoe shock absorption all-in-one machine |
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| CN106226018A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-14 | 西安交通大学 | One is dropped hammer release system and the method for releasing that drops hammer |
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| CN108593237A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 西南交通大学 | The impact test jump bit of impact head and its composition |
| CN108593238A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-28 | 中北大学 | Long pulsewidth amplitude Pneumatic immpacting and weather synthetic chemistry laboratory experimental rig |
| CN109238618A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of cutter impact property test device |
| CN109238618B (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-12-25 | 中南大学 | Cutter impact resistance characteristic testing arrangement |
| CN109187017A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-11 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of new-type rolling bearing radial loading device and its application method |
| CN109489895A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-03-19 | 深圳和而泰数据资源与云技术有限公司 | A kind of pressure-sensitivity test method and device |
| CN111829911A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-27 | 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Performance measuring device for filling leveling layer on floating ground |
| CN111829911B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2021-11-26 | 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Performance measuring device for filling leveling layer on floating ground |
| CN111879605A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-11-03 | 长安大学 | Impact loading device with adjustable contact rigidity and contact rigidity adjusting method thereof |
| CN111879605B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2023-02-24 | 长安大学 | Impact loading device with adjustable contact rigidity and contact rigidity adjusting method thereof |
| CN113607362A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-11-05 | 东莞市恒宇仪器有限公司 | Multifunctional shoe shock absorption all-in-one machine |
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