CN105352694B - A kind of impact test for simulating impact body power consumption is with dropping hammer - Google Patents
A kind of impact test for simulating impact body power consumption is with dropping hammer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105352694B CN105352694B CN201510690177.3A CN201510690177A CN105352694B CN 105352694 B CN105352694 B CN 105352694B CN 201510690177 A CN201510690177 A CN 201510690177A CN 105352694 B CN105352694 B CN 105352694B
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- depression bar
- impact
- sleeve
- movable depression
- head
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of impact test for simulating impact body power consumption with dropping hammer.It is described to drop hammer including being vertically arranged the impact head being sequentially connected, movable depression bar and movable depression bar head, the sleeve being sleeved on outside movable depression bar top and movable depression bar head, it is arranged on and is used for the energy storing structure for storing elastic potential energy caused by drop impact between sleeve and impact head, and is fixed on the counterweight at the top of sleeve.The counterweight is sleeved on guide rail, and can be moved up and down with sleeve, impact head, movable depression bar and first of movable depression bar along guide rail；The sleeve is equipped with card-bit part, and the card-bit part is used to movable depression bar head is locked on into sleeve when movable depression bar head relative sleeve is moved up to top dead centre, so as to maintain the compressive state of energy-stored spring.The present invention is compressed by energy-stored spring to be absorbed impact body itself in simulation of potential energy impact process and consumes energy, and the deficiency of impact body itself energy dissipation behavior during real impact can not be simulated by solving the rigidity generally used in current impact test and dropping hammer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to it is a kind of simulate impact body power consumption impact test with dropping hammer, be particularly suitable for use in civil engineering structure with
The impact test of component, influence of impact body itself power consumption to the impact mechanical performance for the structural elements that is hit can be simulated.
Background technology
At present, impact mechanical performance experimental study is carried out to civil engineering structure component, more uses free fall type
Drop hammer or pendulum impact test system, as impact body drop hammer or pendulum is the rigid original paper that is made using steel, impact
During drop hammer in elastic stage, rigidity is big, and deformation is small, and it is small to can ignore to absorb energy.
And from practical experience, in the impact event of reality, impact body may occur larger expendable
Plastic deformation（Larger plastic deformation can occur during such as automobile, ship collision civil engineering structure）, this plastic deformation suction
Substantial amounts of collision energy has been received, has reduced the shock input energy for the structural elements that is hit, and has extended the time of impact process.
The impact energy and shock duration of input are an important factor for influenceing structural elements impact mechanical performance.
Applicant has found that the rigidity generally used in the impact test of civil engineering structure component at present falls after studying for a long period of time
Hammer and pendulum can not react the characteristics of impact body itself plasticity consumes energy in real impact event, and then influence to real impact event
The research of the impact mechanical performance of middle structural elements.The present invention provides a kind of impact test for simulating impact body itself power consumption with falling
Hammer.
The content of the invention
Actual punching can not be reflected with pendulum by being dropped hammer for the rigidity used in existing civil engineering structure component impact test
Hit impact body itself in event and plasticity energy dissipation behavior this technical deficiency be present, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of simulation impact
The impact test of body power consumption with dropping hammer, this drop hammer can truly in simulation impact process the power consumption of impact body itself plasticity spy
Property, so as to provide guidance for the research of the impact mechanical performance of structural elements in real impact event.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
With dropping hammer, it is structurally characterized in that a kind of impact test for simulating impact body power consumption, including
- it is vertically arranged the impact head being sequentially connected, movable depression bar and movable depression bar head；
- sleeve, it is sleeved on outside movable depression bar top and movable depression bar head；
- energy storing structure, for storing elastic potential energy caused by drop impact；And
- counterweight, be fixed at the top of sleeve, the counterweight is sleeved on guide rail, and can with sleeve, impact head, movable depression bar and
Movable first of depression bar moves up and down along guide rail；It is equipped with the sleeve in movable depression bar head can be locked at the top of sleeve
Card-bit part.
Thus, energy storing structure stores elastic potential energy under impact force action, when movable depression bar is moved at the top of sleeve（It is upper to stop
Point）When, card-bit part locking activity depression bar head, the release of energy storing structure elastic potential energy is prevented, simulated by the elastic potential energy of reserve real
The power consumption that impact body itself plastic deformation occurs in the impact event of border.
According to an embodiment of the invention, further optimization can also be made to the present invention, below the skill to be formed after optimization
Art scheme：
Impact body during for the ease of understanding impact in real time stores up to the impulsive force size and impact body itself of impacting target
The size of the elastic potential energy of energy structure storage, is provided with the piezoelectric forces in preloading condition between the impact head and movable depression bar
Sensor, the sleeve bottom are equipped with laser displacement sensor.The impact head center, which is provided with, lays piezoelectric force transducer
Cylindrical hole, cylindrical hole size are designed adjustment according to piezoelectric force transducer size.The piezoelectric force transducer is being tested
It is preceding to be in preloading condition, therefore piezoelectric forces are sensed by tightening the connecting bolt between impact head and movable depression bar during assembling
Device applies pretightning force.
As a kind of specific structure type, the card-bit part includes card-bit part guide rod, is sleeved on card-bit part guide rod
Back-moving spring and the screens end being connected with card-bit part guide rod through threaded；Fixed mount, the back-moving spring are housed on the sleeve
Between sleeve outer wall and fixed mount, the screens end mounting hole passed through for screens end is provided with the wall of the sleeve, it is described
Fixed mount is provided with card-bit part guide rod installing hole；The inner at the screens end has ramp structure or curved-surface structure, the activity
The relatively movable depression bar of depression bar head has coordinates the screens platform fixed with screens end.Preferably, square hole is provided with sleeve wall, on sleeve
Fixed mount be provided with circular hole, square hole aligns with center of circular hole, and screens end has the convex of similar pin effect in the part of cartridge exterior
Rise, screens end is the curved surface for having certain radian in sleeve inner.Card-bit part is arranged on the position of square hole and circular hole.Preferably,
Card-bit part guide rod is connected through a screw thread with screens end.
In the present invention, the back-moving spring length of selection ensures there is certain initial compression deformation after installing, so as to
There is initial pressure effect to screens end.It is preferred that screens end has in the part of cartridge exterior, the cross of similar pin effect is raised,
For preventing screens end from excessively stretching into sleeve inner under return spring pressure.
Preferably, the screens end and movable depression bar head are the curved surfaces for having certain radian, both energy smooth engagements, when
When movable depression bar head moves upwards, screens end is moved under the active force of movable depression bar head to outside sleeve, when movable depression bar head bottom
When screens end is crossed in face, screens end by back-moving spring pressure and movable depression bar is blocked in resilience, energy-stored spring is fixed on compression
State.
As a kind of specific structure type of locking activity depression bar head, the side surface of the movable depression bar head is with one
Determine the curved surface of radian, and the radius of a circle of curved surface down increases successively from top surface, thus, activity depression bar capitiform wedgewise during impact
Structure, card-bit part is extruded by force, when movable depression bar head is moved up to top dead centre, card-bit part is located at movable depression bar head bottom and by multiple
Position spring-return power effect resilience, so as to which movable depression bar head is locked on sleeve.It is preferred that movable depression bar leads to movable depression bar head
Cross threaded connection.
Preferably, the energy storing structure is the energy-stored spring for being sleeved on movable depression bar bottom, and the energy-stored spring is positioned at described
Between sleeve bottom end and the boss of movable depression bar bottom.Thus, energy-stored spring is arranged between movable depression bar and sleeve, plays storage
Deposit the effect of potential energy.The movable depression bar is freely slidable in sleeve inner, and energy storage bullet is set between movable depression bar and sleeve
Spring, the power effect activity depression bar that is hit during impact toward energy-stored spring compression reserve elastic potential energy while sleeve top movements, when
When movable depression bar is moved at the top of sleeve, card-bit part locking activity depression bar head, energy-stored spring resilience is prevented, storeed by spring
The power consumption that impact body itself plastic deformation occurs in simulation of potential energy real impact event.
Preferably, the energy-stored spring can use different rigidity in different tests, according to the power consumption of spring and rigidity
It is directly proportional, simulate different amounts of impact body power consumption by changing spring rate.Its length value ensures that each part assembling is completed
Spring has certain initial compression amount afterwards.
For the ease of being oriented to and reducing resistance, linear bearing is provided between the movable depression bar and sleeve；The counterweight with
Guide rail also is provided with linear bearing.Thus, movable depression bar passes through the linear bearing being placed in sleeve can move freely.
The counterweight includes the counterweight base being fixedly connected with sleeve, and at least one piece be fixed in counterweight base is matched somebody with somebody
Pouring weight.The balancing weight can according to actual tests needs, increase or decrease quantity or without using.Preferably, the balancing weight top
Grapple can be housed at the top of portion or counterweight base, can be connected with the elevating mechanism to drop hammer.
The outside wall surface of the sleeve and the bottom outside wall surface of movable depression bar are equipped with boss, and the boss of the sleeve and activity are pressed
It is provided between the boss of bar and loads and unloads connector by what the boss of the boss of sleeve and movable depression bar linked together.Preferably,
The connector is connecting screw, and the connecting screw of the movable depression bar and sleeve is not installed when carrying out impact test, the spiral shell
Bar only uses in recovery device original state after component assembly and experiment.During component assembly formula, if energy-stored spring rigidity
It is larger, it has not been convenient to when being compressed installation, compression stress can be applied by the connecting screw of movable depression bar and sleeve.Experiment finishes
Afterwards, smoothly to take out card-bit part, each screw rod is equably first tightened, is come from what card-bit part was born caused by energy-stored spring compression
Power is transferred to screw rod, after card-bit part to be removed, then uniformly loosens each screw rod pulling force, makes energy-stored spring steadily recover to test preceding shape
State.
In experiment in use, reflective film is posted on the opposite of the laser displacement sensor, in order to which laser displacement senses
Device measures the compression of energy-stored spring.
Preferably, the card-bit part correspond to sleeve wall on installation square hole distance from top sleeve top inner surface away from
From the height equal to movable depression bar head boss.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention can be to impulsive force time-histories and the energy storing structure that drops hammer
The elastic potential energy time-histories of absorption measures, and the parameter by changing energy-stored spring can simulate different impact body energy consumptions,
Available for studying under different impact mass and impact velocity, the different degrees of plasticity of impact body itself consumes energy to the structure that is hit
The influence of the impact mechanical performance of component, obtain the more real dynamic response of Members Under Impact Loading.
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is further elaborated.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a are the structure principle charts of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 1 b are Fig. 1 a vertical section schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 a are the top view of impact head of the present invention；
Fig. 2 b are Fig. 2 a A-A profiles；
Fig. 3 a are the structural representation of sleeve of the present invention；
Fig. 3 b are Fig. 3 a vertical section schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the installation diagram of card-bit part of the present invention and sleeve；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of card-bit part of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the installation diagram of movable depression bar of the present invention and depression bar head；
Fig. 7 is the state diagram of energy-stored spring and movable depression bar in impact process.
In figure
1- impact heads；2- activity depression bars；3- piezoelectric force transducers；4- energy-stored springs；5- sleeves；6- linear bearings；7-
Movable depression bar head；8- card-bit parts；9- laser displacement sensors；10- screw rods；11- counterweight bases；12- balancing weights；13- grapples；
14- guide rails；15,24- force snesor wire outlets；16- screens end mounting hole；17- guide rod installing holes；18- fixed mounts；19- is straight
Line bearing (setting) plate installation screw；20- linear bearing installation sites；21- card-bit part guide rods；22- back-moving springs；23- screens end；
25- spring washers；26- linear bearing fixed plates；27- inner ring screws.
Embodiment
A kind of impact test for simulating impact body power consumption is with dropping hammer, and as shown in Fig. 1~Fig. 7, bottom is impact head 1, impact
There is piezoelectric force transducer 3 between first 1 and movable depression bar 2, impact head 1 is attached with movable depression bar 2 by bolt, during installation
Pretightning force is applied to piezoelectric force transducer by tightening bolt, force snesor wire passes in and out from hole 15 and hole 24, energy-stored spring 4
Between movable depression bar 2 and sleeve 5, movable depression bar 2 pass through be placed on linear bearing 6 in sleeve 5 can piston activity, activity
Depression bar first 7 is connected by screw thread with motion bar 2, and depression bar card-bit part 8 is penetrated in barrel from sleeve wall by screens end mounting hole 16
Portion, laser displacement sensor 9 are installed on sleeve bottom, and screw rod 10 can connect motion bar 2 and sleeve 5, counterweight base 11 and sleeve 5
It is bolted, is bolted between counterweight base 11, balancing weight 12 and hook 13, guide rail 14 and counterweight base 11
Between set linear bearing 6.
As shown in Fig. 3~Fig. 5, card-bit part is arranged on sleeve.Card-bit part is made up of three parts（Fig. 5）, including card-bit part
Guide rod 21, back-moving spring 22 and screens end 23.Card-bit part guide rod 21 and screens end 23 are connected through a screw thread.When card-bit part is installed,
The screens end mounting hole 16 that first screens end 23 is stretched on sleeve 5, then card-bit part guide rod 21 is passed through into the guide rod on fixed mount 18
Mounting hole 17, back-moving spring 22 is then through card-bit part guide rod 21, card-bit part guide rod 21 and screens end 23 are finally passed through into spiral shell
Line is tightened.
In Fig. 6 before first 7 assembling of movable depression bar 2, movable depression bar, first movable depression bar 2 is put with the screw rod that impact head 1 is connected
It is in the inner ring screw 27 for entering movable depression bar, movable depression bar 2 is good by bolts assemblies with impact head 1, then spring washer is put successively
25（Fig. 7）, energy-stored spring 4, linear bearing fixed plate 26（Fig. 7）, linear bearing 6, finally by movable depression bar first 7 and movable depression bar
2 are threadedly coupled.After carrying out foregoing assembling, then movable depression bar 2 and movable depression bar first 7 stretched into sleeve 5, make linear bearing
6 are arranged on position 20 in Fig. 3 b, and bearing lower end is concordant with the bottom surface of sleeve 5, then with bolt by the screw 19 in Fig. 3 by Fig. 7
In linear bearing fixed plate 26 be connected with sleeve 2, prevent sleeve from gliding.
The big cylindrical hole in the middle part of impact head 1 can be put into piezoelectric force transducer 3 in Fig. 2, then pass through spiral shell with movable depression bar 2 again
Bolt is fixed.As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 6, notice that the hole 15 on impact head 1 aligns with the hole 24 on movable depression bar during assembling, side
Just sensor conductor passes in and out.
Screw rod 10 in Fig. 1 is in impact test without installation.State such as Fig. 7 during experiment, screw rod 10 is fitted without, stored up
Can spring 4 compressed, while movable depression bar 2 and movable depression bar first 7 are toward the top movements of sleeve 5（As shown in Figure 1）, after reaching top
Being engaged by card-bit part 8 maintains energy-stored spring to be in compressive state.After impact test, screw rod 10 is installed, applied by nut
Pretightning force resists the pressure of compression spring, the power suffered by card-bit part 8 is offloaded into zero, and take out card-bit part（By card-bit part guide rod
21 back-out, and further take out back-moving spring 22 and screens end 23）.Then surrounding uniformly loosens nut again, energy-stored spring is steadily replied
Original state before to experiment.
During experiment, the opposite of laser displacement sensor 9 need to paste reflective film, with ensure to energy-stored spring compression when
Journey measures.
It is attached in Fig. 1 between counterweight base 11 and sleeve 5 by bolt, counterweight base passes through double end with balancing weight 12
Screw rod is clamped together, and according to the needs of impact mass, balancing weight, the polylith balancing weight of different quality can be used to carry out group
Close.Together with grapple 13 is fastened by bolts with the balancing weight of top, dropped hammer for lifting by crane.Between counterweight base 11 and guide rail
Linear bearing 6 is laid, to reduce the resistance in the dropping process that drops hammer.
Present invention is mainly used for the impact test of civil engineering structure and component, energy-stored spring compresses during experiment, activity pressure
Bar is to sleeve tip motions, movable depression bar multiple depression bar card-bit part fixation movable depression bars when outreaching, and prevents spring in spring
The lower resilience of power effect.Compressed by energy-stored spring and absorb impact body itself plasticity power consumption in simulation of potential energy impact process, solved
The rigidity generally used in impact test at present, which is dropped hammer, can not simulate impact body itself plasticity energy dissipation behavior during real impact
Deficiency.
The content that above-described embodiment illustrates should be understood to that these embodiments are only used for being illustrated more clearly that the present invention, without
For limiting the scope of the present invention, after the present invention has been read, the various equivalent form of values of the those skilled in the art to the present invention
Modification each fall within the application appended claims limited range.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of impact test for simulating impact body power consumption is with dropping hammer, it is characterised in that including
- it is vertically arranged the impact head being sequentially connected（1）, movable depression bar（2）With movable depression bar head（7）；
- sleeve（5）, it is sleeved on movable depression bar（2）Top and movable depression bar head（7）Outside；
- energy storing structure, for storing impact head（1）Elastic potential energy caused by impact；And
- counterweight, is fixed on sleeve（5）Top, the counterweight are sleeved on guide rail（14）On, and can be with sleeve（5）, impact head（1）、
Movable depression bar（2）With movable depression bar head（7）Together along guide rail（14）Move up and down；
The sleeve（5）It is upper that card-bit part is housed（8）, the card-bit part（8）For in movable depression bar head（7）Relative sleeve（5）Move up
To during top dead centre by movable depression bar head（7）It is locked on sleeve（5）On；
The card-bit part（8）Including card-bit part guide rod（21）, be sleeved on card-bit part guide rod（21）On back-moving spring（22）With with
Card-bit part guide rod（21）The screens end being connected by screw thread（23）；The sleeve（5）It is upper that fixed mount is housed（18）, the reset bullet
Spring（22）Positioned at sleeve（5）Outer wall and fixed mount（18）Between, the sleeve（5）Wall on be provided with for screens end（23）Pass through
Screens end mounting hole（16）, the fixed mount（18）It is provided with card-bit part guide rod installing hole（17）；The screens end（23）'s
The inner has ramp structure or curved-surface structure, the movable depression bar head（7）Relatively movable depression bar（2）With with screens end（23）Match somebody with somebody
Close the screens platform fixed；
The sleeve（5）Outside wall surface and movable depression bar（2）Bottom outside wall surface be equipped with boss, the sleeve（5）Boss and
Movable depression bar（2）Boss between be provided with sleeve（5）Boss and movable depression bar（2）Loading and unloading of linking together of boss
Connector.
2. the impact test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 is with dropping hammer, it is characterised in that the impact head
（1）With movable depression bar（2）Between be provided with preloading condition piezoelectric force transducer（3）, the sleeve（5）Bottom is equipped with sharp
Optical displacement sensor（9）.
3. the impact test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 is with dropping hammer, it is characterised in that the activity is pressed
Head（7）Side surface be the curved surface with certain radian, and the radius of a circle of curved surface down increases successively from top surface.
4. the impact test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 is with dropping hammer, it is characterised in that the energy storage knot
Structure is to be sleeved on movable depression bar（2）The energy-stored spring of bottom（4）, the energy-stored spring（4）Positioned at the sleeve（5）Bottom and activity
Depression bar（2）Between the boss of bottom.
5. the impact test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 is with dropping hammer, it is characterised in that the activity is pressed
Bar（2）With sleeve（5）Between be provided with linear bearing（6）；The counterweight and guide rail（14）It also is provided with linear bearing.
6. the impact test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 1 is with dropping hammer, it is characterised in that the counterweight bag
Include and sleeve（5）The counterweight base being fixedly connected（11）, and it is fixed on counterweight base（11）On at least one piece of balancing weight
（12）.
7. the impact test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 6 is with dropping hammer, it is characterised in that the balancing weight
（12）Top is equipped with grapple（13）.
8. the impact test of simulation impact body power consumption according to claim 2 is with dropping hammer, it is characterised in that the laser position
Displacement sensor（9）Opposite post reflective film.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510690177.3A CN105352694B (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2015-10-22 | A kind of impact test for simulating impact body power consumption is with dropping hammer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510690177.3A CN105352694B (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2015-10-22 | A kind of impact test for simulating impact body power consumption is with dropping hammer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105352694A CN105352694A (en) | 2016-02-24 |
| CN105352694B true CN105352694B (en) | 2018-03-09 |
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| CN201510690177.3A Expired - Fee Related CN105352694B (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2015-10-22 | A kind of impact test for simulating impact body power consumption is with dropping hammer |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111829911A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-27 | 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Performance measuring device for filling leveling layer on floating ground |
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| CN106198227B (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2023-01-24 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Energy storage drop hammer type dynamic and static combined loading test device |
| CN106226018A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-14 | 西安交通大学 | One is dropped hammer release system and the method for releasing that drops hammer |
| CN107884289B (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2020-10-27 | 百奥森（江苏）食品安全科技有限公司 | Impact detection device |
| CN108593237A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 西南交通大学 | The impact test jump bit of impact head and its composition |
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| CN111879605B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2023-02-24 | 长安大学 | Impact loading device with adjustable contact rigidity and contact rigidity adjusting method thereof |
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| CH468010A (en) * | 1965-12-31 | 1969-01-31 | Akad Gorniczo Hutnicza | Device for monitoring the shocks on vibration machines |
| CN201212869Y (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2009-03-25 | 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 | Impact test device |
| CN201293709Y (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2009-08-19 | 苏州试验仪器总厂 | Shock test machine with energy-adding device |
| CN102507983B (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2013-04-17 | 西安交通大学 | Simple high-g (gravity) acceleration shock testing machine |
| CN202693249U (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-01-23 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司杭州分公司 | Sliding table collision test device |
| CN103407584B (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2016-08-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of controlled tripper of card slot type |
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| CN111829911A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-27 | 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Performance measuring device for filling leveling layer on floating ground |
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