CN105347946A - Growth-promoting edible fungus culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Growth-promoting edible fungus culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a growth-promoting edible fungus culture substrate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of edible fungi culture. The culture substrate is prepared by mixing broad-leaved tree wood dust, bran, rice bran, cottonseed hulls, grass carbon, corn flour, calcium superphosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferric sulfate, borax or boric acid and organic fermented feed; the organic fermented feed is prepared by taking livestock manure, grape processing waste materials, citrus processing waste materials and crop straw as the fermentation raw materials, adding with a fermentation preparation and conducting stacking and natural fermentation. Compared with the prior art, the shiitake culture substrate which is obtained through compounding according to the growth and fertilizer requirement characteristics of edible fungi and strictly according to the scientific formula is very suitable for culturing the edible fungi, the growth speed of the edible fungi can be increased, the edible fungus culture period can be shortened by 20 percent, and the disease resistance of the edible fungi can be enhanced; the preparation technology is simple, the production cost is low, and promotion is easy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix and preparation method thereof, belong to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Edible mushrooms refers to that sporophore is very large, gill fungus bacterium (macro fungi) that can be edible, is commonly referred to as mushroom.The known edible mushrooms of China has kind more than 350, wherein belongs to Basidiomycotina more, common are: mushroom, straw mushroom, mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae, white fungus, hedgehog hydnum, dictyophora phalloidea, Trichotoma matsutake (matsutake), dried mushroom, russule, glossy ganoderma, Chinese caterpillar fungus, truffle, lark and bolete etc.; Minority belongs to Ascomycotina, Qi Zhongyou: morel, saddle fungus, ferfas etc.
Edible mushrooms is not only delicious, and nutritious, is often called heath food by people.The protein content of mushroom class is generally fresh mushroom 1.5-6%, dry mushroom 15-35%, and higher than general vegetables, and its amino acid ratio of components is comparatively comprehensive, and most mushroom class contains eight seed amino acids of needed by human, and wherein in mushroom, straw mushroom, needle mushroom, lysine content enriches.And mushroom class contains multivitamin and the multiple mineral element with physiologically active, as VB1, VB12, Vc, Vk, VD and phosphorus, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron and many trace elements, the deficiency in other food can be supplemented.Edible mushrooms also has good pharmaceutical use simultaneously.In edible mushrooms containing biologically active substance as: macromolecule polysaccharide, β-glucose and RNA complex body, natural organic germanium, nucleic acid degradation product, cAMP and triterpene compound etc. to safeguarding that HUMAN HEALTH has important utility value, now often by businessman with its for raw material production prepare protective foods, nourishing drink, wine and medicine in a large number for medicinal and input health-product market.
The mode of edible fungus culturing is varied.Divide by culture material, have segment wood cultivated and substituting stuff cultivation; Divide by planting type, have ridge cultivation, bed to plant and case cultivation; Divide by cultivation place, have indoor cultivation, outdoor planting etc.Segment wood cultivated fewer and feweri, reason is because destroy forest tree resource.The substituting stuff cultivation of edible mushrooms comprises cultivation in raw material, grog cultivation and fermentation material cultivation.Cultivation in raw material refers to according to the method being directly used in edible fungus culturing after culture material poach of filling a prescription; Grog cultivation refers to according to the method inoculating culturing edible fungus after culture material poach, pack, sterilizing of filling a prescription; Fermentation material cultivation refer to by after culture material poach through fermentation with kill harmful miscellaneous bacteria and worm's ovum, and culture material is become thoroughly decomposed, then for the method for edible fungus culturing.The material such as cotton seed hulls for cultivation in raw material must be fresh, and do not lump, do not go mouldy, temperature is below 15 DEG C.Material for grog and fermentation material cultivation need not be fresh, high temperature, low temperature season.Flat mushroom can use cultivation in raw material; The available fermentation material cultivation such as Twospore Mushroom, Coprinus comatus, Brazilian mushroom, Pleurotus Citrinopileatus Sing; Glossy ganoderma, mushroom, needle mushroom etc. are cultivated with grog.The Conver-table such as Twospore Mushroom, Brazilian mushroom is planted, and the multiplex bag of other edible mushroomss is planted.
Cultivation matrix is the place of the various nutritive substances that edible mushrooms depends on for existence.When using kind identical with growing environment condition, use different, difference of filling a prescription, matrix the processing mode of matrix different, the difference all to some extent such as output, quality, local flavor of edible mushrooms.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix, the preparation method of this growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix is provided simultaneously.
Concrete, growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix of the present invention is obtained by the component mixed preparing comprising following parts by weight: hardwood sawdust 8-15 part, wheat bran 3-8 part, rice bran 3-8 part, cotton seed hulls 3-8 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 1-3 part, Semen Maydis powder 1-3 part, calcium superphosphate 0.1-0.5 part, magnesium sulfate 0.01-0.05 part, zinc sulfate 0.01-0.05 part, ferric sulfate 0.01-0.05 part, borax or boric acid 0.01-0.05 part and organic fermentation material 5-10 part; Described organic fermentation material processes dead meal, agricultural crop straw for fermentation raw material with feces of livestock and poultry, Grape processing dead meal, citrus, then adds fermenting agent, stacking, obtain through preparation in spontaneous fermentation 10-15 days; Described fermenting agent is the Rw organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum that Hebi City Ren Yuan biotech development company limited develops.
Further illustrate as of the present invention, each raw material weight number ratio of described fermentation raw material is: each raw material weight number ratio of described fermentation raw material is: feces of livestock and poultry 3-5 part, Grape processing dead meal 0.5-1.5 part, citrus processing dead meal 0.5-1.5 part, agricultural crop straw 1-3 part.
Further illustrate as of the present invention, described agricultural crop straw is comprise the one or more than one mixture in maize straw, rice straw, wheat stalk, cotton seed hulls, sugarcane leaf, the sugarcane tip, and length is 1-3 centimetre.
Further illustrate as of the present invention, You machine matter Han Liang≤30% of described organic fermentation material.
Further illustrate as of the present invention, described edible mushrooms comprises mushroom, bisporous mushroom, needle mushroom, Coprinus comatus, flat mushroom, Agaricus blazei, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers..
Deciduous tree refers generally to the trees of dicotyledoneae, and have flat, broader blade, vein reticulates, and leaf is evergreen or fall leaves, and general blade face is broad, the leaf perennial woody plant having various shape with seeds difference.What have is evergreen, and fallen leaves class comes off mostly on autumn and winter season Ye Congzhi.The forest be made up of deciduous tree, is called broad-leaf forest.The economic worth of deciduous tree is large, and be much important commerical tree species, wherein some is famous and precious timber, as camphor tree, nanmu etc.Various fruit is all deciduous tree.Deciduous tree is of a great variety, is referred to as hardwood.Hardwood sawdust is wooden softer comparatively speaking, contributes to decomposition and the absorption of mycelia.
The peat composed of rotten mosses has another name called " peat ", is the product in formation process of bog, by the residual body of marsh plant, under the anaerobic condition of many water, can not decompose accumulation completely and form.Containing large quantity of moisture with not by the plant residue, soil ulmin and a part of mineral substance that thoroughly decompose, it is the organic substance of pure natural, also be a kind of green matter of aseptic, nontoxic, nuisanceless, pollution-free, noresidue, there is the effect of improvement soil, be widely used in composting industry.
Grape processing dead meal is wine sediment remaining after adopting vinify, mainly comprise Semen Vitis viniferae, Pericarpium Vitis viniferae and stem of Fructus Vitis viniferae etc., containing nutritive ingredients such as rich in protein, fat, Mierocrystalline cellulose, amino acid, minerals and vitamins, can be widely used in and extract products such as manufacturing health care, beauty treatment, feed, fertilizer, chemical industry.
Citrus processing dead meal take citrus as the peel residue that Raw material processing becomes the whole fruit weight 40-50% in pact station produced when product orange juice, tangerine sheet and fresh product, containing nutritive ingredients such as rich in protein, fat, Mierocrystalline cellulose, amino acid, minerals and vitamins, can be used for Chinese medicine and producing essence oil, also can be used for feed and fertiliser production etc.
In the fermentation of feces of livestock and poultry, Grape processing dead meal, citrus processing dead meal, agricultural crop straw the like waste material recycling, fermenting agent is most important, decides the efficiency of fermentation and the quality of leavened prod.The fermenting agent that the present invention selects is high-tech microniological proudcts--the Rw organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum developed by Hebi City Ren Yuan biotech development company limited, this microbial inoculum is by multiple bacterial strains such as bacterium, actinomycetes, thread fungus, yeast and relevant enzymes is composite forms, aerobic fermentation, decomposition of cellulose, decomposing protein are very competent, can reach rapidly intensification, deodorizing, effect except disease and pest, weed seed and enrichment nutrient simultaneously.This technical target of the product meets QB/T003-2005, during use, the Rw organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum of 1 part of weight is mixed with the rice chaff of 8 parts of weight or Semen Maydis powder, then evenly mix in fermentation materials, the highest per kilogram Rw organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum can process fermentation materials 8 tons.Company and product information are understood by network address http://www.renyuanshengwu.com/index.html.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of described growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation of fermentation raw material: take fermentation raw material by following ratio of weight and number: feces of livestock and poultry 3-5 part, Grape processing dead meal 0.5-1.5 part, citrus processing dead meal 0.5-1.5 part, agricultural crop straw 1-3 part, agricultural crop straw hand hay cutter is as short as 1-3 centimetre, mix, obtain fermentation materials, control fermentation materials water content, to obtain final product at 20-30:1 in 45-60%, carbon-nitrogen ratio;
(2) preparation of organic fermentation material: by weight fermenting agent: fermenting agent evenly mixes in fermentation materials by fermentation materials=1:3000-8000, stacking, carries out the spontaneous fermentation of 10-15 days; After fermentation materials becomes thoroughly decomposed completely, carry out sterilizing, pulverize, sieve, then dehydrate to containing water amount≤10%, to obtain final product;
(3) preparation of growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix: take feed composition by following ratio of weight and number: hardwood sawdust 8-15 part, wheat bran 3-8 part, rice bran 3-8 part, cotton seed hulls 3-8 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 1-3 part, Semen Maydis powder 1-3 part, calcium superphosphate 0.1-0.5 part, magnesium sulfate 0.01-0.05 part, zinc sulfate 0.01-0.05 part, ferric sulfate 0.01-0.05 part, borax or boric acid 0.01-0.05 part and organic fermentation material 5-10 part, mix, to obtain final product.
Compared with prior art, the present invention according to the growth of edible mushrooms and uptake characters, in strict accordance with scientific formula, composite and mushroom cultivation substrate that is that obtain is very suitable for the cultivation of edible mushrooms, edible fungi growth speed can be accelerated, shorten the edible fungus culturing cycle 20%, strengthen edible mushrooms resistance against diseases; And preparation technology is simple, production cost is low, is easy to promote.
Embodiment
Be described in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, the present embodiment is only do clearer explanation to the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all drop within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix provided by the invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of fermentation raw material: take fermentation raw material by following ratio of weight and number: cow dung 4 parts, Grape processing dead meal 1 part, citrus processing dead meal 1 part, agricultural crop straw 2 parts, agricultural crop straw hand hay cutter is as short as 2 centimetres, mix, obtain fermentation materials, control fermentation materials water content 55%, carbon-nitrogen ratio at 20:1, to obtain final product;
(2) preparation of organic fermentation material: by weight fermenting agent: fermenting agent evenly mixes in fermentation materials by fermentation materials=1:4000, stacking, carries out the spontaneous fermentation of 12 days; After fermentation materials becomes thoroughly decomposed completely, carry out sterilizing, pulverize, sieve, then dehydrate to containing water amount≤10%, machine matter must be had containing organic fermentation material of amount≤30%;
(3) preparation of edible mushrooms (mushroom) cultivation matrix: take feed composition by following ratio of weight and number: hardwood sawdust 12 parts, 5 parts, wheat bran, 5 parts, rice bran, cotton seed hulls 5 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 2 parts, Semen Maydis powder 2 parts, calcium superphosphate 0.3 part, 0.03 part, magnesium sulfate, 0.03 part, zinc sulfate, 0.03 part, ferric sulfate, borax 0.03 part and organic fermentation material 8 parts, mix, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of edible fungus culturing matrix provided by the invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of fermentation raw material: take fermentation raw material by following ratio of weight and number: the processing of chicken manure 3 parts, Grape processing dead meal 1.5 parts, citrus dead meal 1.5 parts, agricultural crop straw 2 parts, agricultural crop straw hand hay cutter is as short as 3 centimetres, mix, obtain fermentation materials, control fermentation materials water content 60%, carbon-nitrogen ratio at 30:1, to obtain final product;
(2) preparation of organic fermentation material: by weight fermenting agent: fermenting agent evenly mixes in fermentation materials by fermentation materials=1:8000, stacking, carries out the spontaneous fermentation of 15 days; After fermentation materials becomes thoroughly decomposed completely, carry out sterilizing, pulverize, sieve, then dehydrate to containing water amount≤10%, machine matter must be had containing organic fermentation material of amount≤30%;
(3) preparation of edible mushrooms (bisporous mushroom) cultivation matrix: take feed composition by following ratio of weight and number: hardwood sawdust 8 parts, 8 parts, wheat bran, 8 parts, rice bran, cotton seed hulls 3 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 1 part, Semen Maydis powder 3 parts, calcium superphosphate 0.5 part, 0.01 part, magnesium sulfate, 0.05 part, zinc sulfate, 0.05 part, ferric sulfate, boric acid 0.01 part and organic fermentation material 5 parts, mix, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of edible fungus culturing matrix provided by the invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of fermentation raw material: take fermentation raw material by following ratio of weight and number: the processing of pig manure 5 parts, Grape processing dead meal 0.5 part, citrus dead meal 0.5 part, agricultural crop straw 2 parts, agricultural crop straw hand hay cutter is as short as 1 centimetre, mix, obtain fermentation materials, control fermentation materials water content 55%, carbon-nitrogen ratio at 25:1, to obtain final product;
(2) preparation of organic fermentation material: by weight fermenting agent: fermenting agent evenly mixes in fermentation materials by fermentation materials=1:5000, stacking, carries out the spontaneous fermentation of 12 days; After fermentation materials becomes thoroughly decomposed completely, carry out sterilizing, pulverize, sieve, then dehydrate to containing water amount≤10%, machine matter must be had containing organic fermentation material of amount≤30%;
(3) preparation of edible mushrooms (needle mushroom) cultivation matrix: take feed composition by following ratio of weight and number: hardwood sawdust 15 parts, 3 parts, wheat bran, 3 parts, rice bran, cotton seed hulls 8 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 3 parts, Semen Maydis powder 1 part, calcium superphosphate 0.1 part, 0.05 part, magnesium sulfate, 0.01 part, zinc sulfate, 0.01 part, ferric sulfate, borax 0.05 part and organic fermentation material 10 parts, mix, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of edible fungus culturing matrix provided by the invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of fermentation raw material: take fermentation raw material by following ratio of weight and number: the processing of chicken manure 4 parts, Grape processing dead meal 1 part, citrus dead meal 1 part, agricultural crop straw 3 parts, agricultural crop straw hand hay cutter is as short as 2 centimetres, mix, obtain fermentation materials, control fermentation materials water content 45%, carbon-nitrogen ratio at 22:1, to obtain final product;
(2) preparation of organic fermentation material: by weight fermenting agent: fermenting agent evenly mixes in fermentation materials by fermentation materials=1:3000, stacking, carries out the spontaneous fermentation of 10 days; After fermentation materials becomes thoroughly decomposed completely, carry out sterilizing, pulverize, sieve, then dehydrate to containing water amount≤10%, machine matter must be had containing organic fermentation material of amount≤30%;
(3) preparation of edible mushrooms (Coprinus comatus) cultivation matrix: take feed composition by following ratio of weight and number: hardwood sawdust 10 parts, 6 parts, wheat bran, 4 parts, rice bran, cotton seed hulls 6 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 1.5 parts, Semen Maydis powder 2.5 parts, calcium superphosphate 0.2 part, 0.03 part, magnesium sulfate, 0.03 part, zinc sulfate, 0.03 part, ferric sulfate, boric acid 0.03 part and organic fermentation material 8 parts, mix, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 5
The preparation method of edible fungus culturing matrix provided by the invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of fermentation raw material: take fermentation raw material by following ratio of weight and number: cow dung 4 parts, Grape processing dead meal 1 part, citrus processing dead meal 1 part, agricultural crop straw 1 part, agricultural crop straw hand hay cutter is as short as 1 centimetre, mix, obtain fermentation materials, control fermentation materials water content 50%, carbon-nitrogen ratio at 25:1, to obtain final product;
(2) preparation of organic fermentation material: by weight fermenting agent: fermenting agent evenly mixes in fermentation materials by fermentation materials=1:6000, stacking, carries out the spontaneous fermentation of 10 days; After fermentation materials becomes thoroughly decomposed completely, carry out sterilizing, pulverize, sieve, then dehydrate to containing water amount≤10%, machine matter must be had containing organic fermentation material of amount≤30%;
(3) preparation of edible mushrooms (flat mushroom) cultivation matrix: take feed composition by following ratio of weight and number: hardwood sawdust 12 parts, 4 parts, wheat bran, 6 parts, rice bran, cotton seed hulls 4 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 3 parts, Semen Maydis powder 2 parts, calcium superphosphate 0.4 part, 0.04 part, magnesium sulfate, 0.05 part, zinc sulfate, 0.05 part, ferric sulfate, borax 0.03 part and organic fermentation material 8 parts, mix, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 6
The preparation method of edible fungus culturing matrix provided by the invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of fermentation raw material: take fermentation raw material by following ratio of weight and number: cow dung 4 parts, Grape processing dead meal 1 part, citrus processing dead meal 1 part, agricultural crop straw 2 parts, agricultural crop straw hand hay cutter is as short as 2 centimetres, mix, obtain fermentation materials, control fermentation materials water content 55%, carbon-nitrogen ratio at 20:1, to obtain final product;
(2) preparation of organic fermentation material: by weight fermenting agent: fermenting agent evenly mixes in fermentation materials by fermentation materials=1:4500, stacking, carries out the spontaneous fermentation of 15 days; After fermentation materials becomes thoroughly decomposed completely, carry out sterilizing, pulverize, sieve, then dehydrate to containing water amount≤10%, machine matter must be had containing organic fermentation material of amount≤30%;
(3) preparation of edible mushrooms (Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers.) cultivation matrix: take feed composition by following ratio of weight and number: hardwood sawdust 10 parts, 6 parts, wheat bran, 6 parts, rice bran, cotton seed hulls 4 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 1.5 parts, Semen Maydis powder 2.5 parts, calcium superphosphate 0.4 part, 0.03 part, magnesium sulfate, 0.03 part, zinc sulfate, 0.02 part, ferric sulfate, boric acid 0.02 part and organic fermentation material 6 parts, mix, to obtain final product.
Claims (6)
1. a growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix, it is characterized in that, obtained by the component mixed preparing comprising following parts by weight: hardwood sawdust 8-15 part, wheat bran 3-8 part, rice bran 3-8 part, cotton seed hulls 3-8 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 1-3 part, Semen Maydis powder 1-3 part, calcium superphosphate 0.1-0.5 part, magnesium sulfate 0.01-0.05 part, zinc sulfate 0.01-0.05 part, ferric sulfate 0.01-0.05 part, borax or boric acid 0.01-0.05 part and organic fermentation material 5-10 part;
Described organic fermentation material processes dead meal, agricultural crop straw for fermentation raw material with feces of livestock and poultry, Grape processing dead meal, citrus, then adds fermenting agent, stacking, obtain through preparation in spontaneous fermentation 10-15 days; Described fermenting agent is the Rw organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum that Hebi City Ren Yuan biotech development company limited develops.
2. growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, each raw material weight number ratio of described fermentation raw material is: feces of livestock and poultry 3-5 part, Grape processing dead meal 0.5-1.5 part, citrus processing dead meal 0.5-1.5 part, agricultural crop straw 1-3 part.
3. growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described agricultural crop straw is comprise the one or more than one mixture in maize straw, rice straw, wheat stalk, cotton seed hulls, sugarcane leaf, the sugarcane tip, and length is 1-3 centimetre.
4. growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that, You machine matter Han Liang≤30% of described organic fermentation material.
5. growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described edible mushrooms comprises mushroom, bisporous mushroom, needle mushroom, Coprinus comatus, flat mushroom, Agaricus blazei, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers..
6., according to the preparation method of the arbitrary described growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation of fermentation raw material: take fermentation raw material by following ratio of weight and number: feces of livestock and poultry 3-5 part, Grape processing dead meal 0.5-1.5 part, citrus processing dead meal 0.5-1.5 part, agricultural crop straw 1-3 part, agricultural crop straw hand hay cutter is as short as 1-3 centimetre, mix, obtain fermentation materials, control fermentation materials water content, to obtain final product at 20-30:1 in 45-60%, carbon-nitrogen ratio;
(2) preparation of organic fermentation material: by weight fermenting agent: fermenting agent evenly mixes in fermentation materials by fermentation materials=1:3000-8000, stacking, carries out the spontaneous fermentation of 10-15 days; After fermentation materials becomes thoroughly decomposed completely, carry out sterilizing, pulverize, sieve, then dehydrate to containing water amount≤10%, to obtain final product;
(3) preparation of growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix: take feed composition by following ratio of weight and number: hardwood sawdust 8-15 part, wheat bran 3-8 part, rice bran 3-8 part, cotton seed hulls 3-8 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 1-3 part, Semen Maydis powder 1-3 part, calcium superphosphate 0.1-0.5 part, magnesium sulfate 0.01-0.05 part, zinc sulfate 0.01-0.05 part, ferric sulfate 0.01-0.05 part, borax or boric acid 0.01-0.05 part and organic fermentation material 5-10 part, mix, to obtain final product.
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| CN106278585A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 全椒县香妃农业专业合作社 | A kind of zinc-rich Lentinus Edodes collagen cultivation matrix |
| CN106431654A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-02-22 | 宋群库 | Culture medium of edible fungi containing agricultural wastes and preparation method of culture medium |
| CN106747807A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-31 | 黄之喜 | A kind of growth promotion edible fungus culturing matrix and preparation method thereof |
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