CN105317464B - 用于生产增压装置的转子的方法 - Google Patents

用于生产增压装置的转子的方法 Download PDF

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CN105317464B
CN105317464B CN201510404148.6A CN201510404148A CN105317464B CN 105317464 B CN105317464 B CN 105317464B CN 201510404148 A CN201510404148 A CN 201510404148A CN 105317464 B CN105317464 B CN 105317464B
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rotor
bearing surface
turbine
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CN105317464A (zh
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马哈尔·克卢萨切克
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Boma Tech Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P13/00Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P13/02Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass in which only the machining operations are important
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/006Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine wheels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/027Arrangements for balancing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/06Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple disc type; Details thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections
    • F01D5/063Welded rotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/40Application in turbochargers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/61Assembly methods using limited numbers of standard modules which can be adapted by machining
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/20Rotors
    • F05D2240/24Rotors for turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/50Bearings
    • F05D2240/54Radial bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/55Seals
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于生产增压装置的转子(1)的方法,尤其排气涡轮增压器,具有至少一个压缩轮(2)、涡轮(4)和轴承段,其中,所述轴承段在每个情况下设置在纵向端部,所述轴承段具有用于将所述转子(1)安装在轴承壳体中的径向轴承表面(5、5')。本发明重要的是在该情况下:将至少所述径向轴承表面(5、5')组装成具有径向尺寸裕度,将所述压缩轮(2)和所述涡轮(4)和所述轴承段组装以形成所述转子(1),完全组装的转子(1)的至少所述径向轴承表面(5、5')随后被机加工,尤其转动或者打磨,直到所述径向轴承表面(5、5')是旋转对称的。结果,能够以便宜简单的方式生产旋转对称的转子(1)。

Description

用于生产增压装置的转子的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于生产增压装置的转子的方法,尤其排气涡轮增压器,具有压缩轮以及涡轮。本发明还涉及根据该方法生产的转子,以及具有该类型转子的增压装置。
背景技术
用于排气涡轮增压器或者用于增压装置的转子一般通常由多个部件组成,例如涡轮、轴以及压缩轮。在该情况下各部件是单独组装的,具有旋转对称的端部轮廓。在组装之后,预平衡的各部件(例如压缩轮和涡轮)被安装以形成转子。在最终安装之后,转子被再次平衡。
但是,公知组装方法的劣势在于,此处,各转子部分必须单独进行平衡,并且在安装之后,尽管不是总是,但是转子上存在未精确旋转对称的表面。
本发明因此关注的问题是提供用于通用类型方法的改善或者至少可替换的实施例,依靠该实施例,能够实现相对简单的高精确生产的具有旋转对称表面的平衡转子。
发明内容
本发明是基于这样的总体构思:以径向尺寸裕度组装转子的各部分,例如涡轮以及压缩轮或者轴承段,随后它们被组装以形成转子并且被机加工,例如转动或者磨削处于最终组装状态的这些部件,直到其是旋转对称的。根据本发明的方法的优势在于这样的事实,各转子部分(即例如,压缩轮或者涡轮或者轴承段)无需单独进行平衡,此外,所有重要的表面是通过一次夹紧组装的,也即是说在一个夹紧作业步骤中,结果是,能够确保最大共心度能够,同时成本最小。
在根据本发明的方法的有利发展中,所述涡轮经由迷宫密封件连接至所述压缩轮,其中,用于将转子安装在增压装置的轴承壳体中的轴承段在每个情况下设置在纵向端部。随后,由轴承段、涡轮、迷宫密封件以及压缩轮组成的完全组装的转子被机加工,尤其转动或者打磨,例如在车床中或以非中心方式机加工,直到其是旋转对称的。此处能够不仅旋转对称地机加工涡轮和压缩轮,而且还旋转对称地机加工迷宫密封件或者两个轴承段。
所述转子的至少两个部件有利地焊接、钎焊、螺接或者粘着结合至彼此,例如是压缩轮、涡轮、轴承段或者迷宫密封件。甚至该非排他列出的使得能够推断出哪个歧管能够连接转子的各部分,使得各部分能够例如以非积极配合、积极配合和/或材料连接的方式彼此连接。
根据本发明方案的进一步有利实施例,所述轴承段的轴向端面依靠侵蚀处理或者依靠磨削处理被机加工。转子的转动在该情况下能够尤其在轴承段的轴向端面上执行,直到达到定心孔,结果,当转子夹紧至定心孔区域的车床主轴时,不能在进行机加工。定心的非加工区域因此无法“通过一次夹紧”被机加工,因此在从机床移除转子之后对其进行侵蚀或再打磨。因而,使用根据本发明的方法,能够机加工转子的所有表面区域直至定心孔,结果是,能够优化地生产旋转对称的转子,这当然对特定情况下可能存在的非平衡具有正面效果。由此也能简化将转子安装至增压装置中。
根据本发明方案的进一步有利实施例,轴向空气轴承蚀刻或者侵蚀至所述轴向端面。该类型的空气轴承提供了尤其低的摩擦,同时提供了无磨损的轴承,其中,依靠刻蚀或者侵蚀处理或者依靠激光处理能够低成本地生产为此所需的空气引导凹槽,但是仍然是高精度的。
本发明的进一步重要的特征及优势结果见于从属权利要求、附图以及与附图关联的说明。
应该理解的是,先前提到的特征和以下还提到的特征能够不仅以指出的组合使用,而且可以以其他组合使用或者单独使用,这并不超出所述本发明的内容。
附图说明
本发明的优选示范实施例图示于附图并且更详细地描述在以下说明中,其中,相同附图标记指代相同或者类似或者功能相同的部件。
在图中,在每个情况下示意地,
图1示出了根据本发明的转子的侧视图,
图2示出了具有轴向空气轴承的转子的轴承段的前视图。
具体实施方式
由图1所示的根据本发明增压装置(未示出)生产的转子1,具有压缩轮2、迷宫密封件3以及涡轮4。另一轴承段具有径向轴承表面5或者5',此外在每个情况下布置于压缩轮2或者涡轮4上的纵向端部。转子1的各部件(即例如涡轮2、迷宫密封件3、压缩轮4、还有轴承段)能够在该情况下以非积极性配合、材料连接的方式或积极性配合彼此连接,尤其是粘着结合、螺接、焊接或者钎焊至彼此。
除了外径向轴承表面5、5',外径向轴承表面5、5'优选构建为径向空气轴承并且径向安装在转子1上,在轴承段的区域中能够布置轴向空气轴承,使得整个转子1优选在径向方向上以及在轴向方向上是气隙安装的。
根据本发明、转子1然后生产为:至少径向轴承表面5、5'组装成具有径向尺寸裕度,并且随后与压缩轮2和涡轮4彼此连接以形成转子1。优选地,压缩轮2和涡轮4和迷宫密封件3同样组装成具有径向尺寸裕度。在该情况下,代替迷宫密封件3,当然能够提供一轴,该轴将压缩轮2连接至涡轮4。随后,完全组装的转子1被夹紧在机床上进行机加工,尤其是转动或者打磨,直到其是旋转对称的。术语“机床”在该情况下应该代表用于机加工装备的位置保持件,其不仅能够转动而且还可磨削或者一些方式机加工转子1的表面使其优化的旋转对称。
尤其,代替将其夹紧至机床,还能够进行非中心机加工。此处,作业件不被夹紧在头部和尾部之间,而是被引导在磨削轮以及调整轮之间,在该情况下依靠轨道被保持在下方。切入磨削与连续磨削不同。后者能够实现非常高的产量。非中心鞋磨削机是特定的版本,用钢鞋代替了支承轨道以及调整轮。因而,在一个作业步骤中能够打磨特定几何形状。
在图1示出的转子的视图中,转子1的所有部件,因此即具有径向轴承表面5的轴承段、压缩轮2、迷宫密封件3、涡轮4、还有具有径向轴承表面5'的轴承段,它们初始彼此连接以形成转子1,随后夹紧至机床中尤其处于最终组装状态,在机床中被进行后机加工。利用在“一次夹紧”中的后机加工,实现了优化转子1的各部件的所有表面的共心度,这降低了不平衡并且简化了将转子1安装在增压装置中。可替换地,不是夹紧至机床,还能够进行非中心机加工,其中,作业件不是夹紧在头部和尾部之间,而是被引导在磨削轮以及调整轮之间,在该情况下依靠轨道被保持在下方。转子1的在根据本发明的方法中被后机加工的可能表面在图1中用线6标出。因此能够实际上后机加工整个转子1,除了定心孔7区域中的小区域之外,在该处理中优化了转子的旋转对称。但是,还能够在一次夹紧中机加工转子1的外径向轴承表面5、5'。
定心孔7周围的区域不能够在机床中进行机加工,使得这些区域在不夹紧转子1之后被打磨或者侵蚀。压缩轮叶片的前边缘和涡轮叶片的后边缘同样在一次夹紧中不被机加工。
轴承段在该情况下用来将转子1径向安装在增压装置的轴承壳体中,其中,在机床中机加工转子1之后,通过激光成型机加工轴向空气轴承9的轴向端面8、8'(比较图2)。当然,在该情况下能够以另一方式生产凹槽10,例如依靠刻蚀或者侵蚀或者依靠切割方法,凹槽10以螺旋状方式布置并且形成了各个轴向空气轴承9。
因此利用根据本发明的方法能够不再单独地平衡各转子部件,例如轴承段、压缩轮2、迷宫密封件3和涡轮4,结果是,能够显著降低生产成本。此外,利用根据本发明的方法,所有重要的表面由“一次夹紧”生产,结果是,能够实现最大集中以及最大旋转对称,同时最小化成本。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于生产增压装置的转子(1)的方法,所述增压装置具有至少一个压缩轮(2)、涡轮(4)和轴承段,其中,所述轴承段在每个情况下设置在纵向端部,所述轴承段具有用于将所述转子(1)安装在轴承壳体中的径向轴承表面(5、5'),
其特征在于,
-将至少所述径向轴承表面(5、5')组装成具有径向尺寸裕度,
-将所述压缩轮(2)和所述涡轮(4)和所述轴承段组装以形成所述转子(1),
-完全组装的转子(1)的至少所述径向轴承表面(5、5')随后被机加工,所述机加工包括转动或者打磨,直到所述径向轴承表面(5、5')是旋转对称的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
-所述涡轮(4)经由迷宫密封件(3)连接至所述压缩轮(2),
-由轴承段、涡轮(4)、迷宫密封件(3)和压缩轮(2)组成的完全组装的转子(1)随后被机加工,所述机加工包括转动或者打磨,直到其是旋转对称的。
3.根据权利要求1或者2所述的方法,
其特征在于,
所述转子(1)的至少两个部件焊接、钎焊、粘着结合或者螺接至彼此,所述至少两个部件包括所述压缩轮(2)、迷宫密封件(3)和/或所述涡轮(4)。
4.根据权利要求1或者2所述的方法,其特征在于,
-将所述轴承段的轴向端面(8、8')组装成具有径向尺寸裕度,
-将所述压缩轮(2)和所述涡轮(4)和所述轴承段组装以形成所述转子(1),
-完全组装的转子(1)的至少所述径向轴承表面(5、5')和端面(8、8')随后被机加工,所述机加工包括转动或者打磨,直到所述径向轴承表面(5、5')是旋转对称的以及所述端面(8、8')垂直于所述径向轴承表面(5、5')。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,
轴向空气轴承(9)蚀刻或者侵蚀至所述轴向端面(8、8')中或者依靠激光成型被机加工。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,
在引入所述轴向空气轴承(9)之后平衡所述转子(1)。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,
完全组装的转子(1)的至少所述径向轴承表面(5、5')和所述轴承段的轴向端面(8、8')被在车床中或以非中心方式机加工,所述机加工包括转动或者打磨,直到所述径向轴承表面(5、5')是旋转对称的并且所述端面(8、8')垂直于所述径向轴承表面(5、5')。
8.一种转子(1),其是根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法生产的。
9.一种增压装置,具有根据权利要求8所述的转子(1)。
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