CN105315766A - 用于电子应用的可印刷组合物及其相关方法 - Google Patents
用于电子应用的可印刷组合物及其相关方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105315766A CN105315766A CN201510266706.7A CN201510266706A CN105315766A CN 105315766 A CN105315766 A CN 105315766A CN 201510266706 A CN201510266706 A CN 201510266706A CN 105315766 A CN105315766 A CN 105315766A
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于电子应用的可印刷墨。所述墨包含至少一种非相互作用溶剂、粘结剂、任选地可为导电的、半导电的或非导电的一种或多种颗粒填料、任选地助溶剂以及任选地其他添加剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明的领域为用于电子类型应用,诸如用于将电极印刷到溶剂敏感性衬底上的可印刷组合物(例如,墨)。更具体地讲,本公开的可印刷组合物包含一种或多种溶剂,包括至少一种非相互作用溶剂、粘结树脂以及任选的导电粒子和/或其他填料。
背景技术
从广义上说,用于电子应用的可印刷墨是已知的。授予Kowalski等人的国际专利公布WO/2006076610(PCT/US2006/001298)涉及用于在可印刷电子特征形成期间控制墨迁移的工艺。仍然需要改进用于电子应用,特别是用于将精细而敏感的电子特征印刷到精细的衬底上的可印刷墨。例如,薄膜晶体管(“TFT”)衬底可能特别易受到对衬底的不期望的溶剂干扰或改性影响,其中所施加的墨(为了形成电子部件)具有一种或多种能够对敏感的TFT衬底造成损害的溶剂。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于电子类型应用的墨。该墨包括非相互作用溶剂、粘结剂、任选地可为导电的、半导电的或非导电的一种或多种颗粒填料、任选地助溶剂以及任选地其他添加剂。
具体实施方式
非相互作用溶剂组分
本公开的导电性墨包括非相互作用溶剂。非相互作用溶剂是指不会严重损害其上施加有该墨的衬底的溶剂。此类损害可通过如下方式检测:i.当在衬底表面淋上该溶剂并且随后溶剂缓慢(例如,经过大于至少十分钟的时间段)且完全地从衬底挥发掉时,使温和电流(诸如100毫安和100伏特)跨衬底的小(诸如,10cm×10cm面积×1毫米深度)样本并测量电阻率;ii.如果淋上该溶剂时电阻率改变小于10%,则出于本公开的目的,该溶剂相对于该特定衬底为非相互作用的;iii.如果淋上该溶剂时电阻率改变超过10%,但在溶剂缓慢(例如,经过大于十分钟的时间段)且完全地从衬底挥发掉后回到小于10%,则出于本公开的目的,该溶剂为非相互作用的;以及iv.如果在淋上溶剂后电阻率改变超过10%,并且在溶剂缓慢且完全地从衬底挥发掉后,电阻率改变保持高于10%,则该溶剂相对于该特定衬底不是非相互作用的。
本公开的非相互作用溶剂为直链、支化或环状的烷烃。在一个实施例中,非相互作用溶剂为闪点高于25℃的卤素取代或未取代的烷烃。在一个实施例中,本公开的非相互作用溶剂具有九个或更多个碳原子。在一个实施例中,非相互作用溶剂包括(或衍生自)下列中的一者或多者:
1.萘烷;
2.双环己烷;
3.癸烷;
4.十一烷、十二烷、芳族烃诸如甲苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯、苯甲醚、氯苯、二氯苯、三氯苯、三氟甲苯、二氯三氟甲苯和三氟甲基氯苯;它们的衍生物诸如氯取代产物和氟取代产物;萘衍生物诸如萘满和萘烷;以及
5.环醚化合物,诸如四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃和氧杂环丁烷。
上文列出的溶剂可适当地单独使用或作为包含两种或更多种上述溶剂的混合溶剂使用。
助溶剂
除了非相互作用溶剂外,助溶剂也可(任选地)基于非相互作用溶剂和助溶剂的总重量计,以在如下重量百分比的任两者之间并且任选地包括如下重量百分比的任两者的量使用:0、1、2、3、4、5、7、10、15、20、25、30、35、40和50重量%。助溶剂的例子包括:
i.醇,诸如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和异丁醇;
ii.酯,诸如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸异丙酯和乙酸丁酯;
iii.醚,诸如乙醚和二氧己环;酮,诸如丙酮、甲基乙基酮和甲基丁基乙基酮;
iv.二醇醚,诸如丙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单丁醚、乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇单甲醚和二乙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯;以及
v.脂环烃,诸如环己烷、甲基环己酮和
vi.环己醇;以及脂族烃,诸如正己烷和庚烷。
在一个实施例中,溶剂为非相互作用溶剂和助溶剂的混合物,其中一种溶剂具有低沸点(例如,100℃或更低),并且至少一种溶剂具有相对较高的沸点(例如,150℃或更高)。低沸溶剂通常用于改善初始流动性和薄膜均匀度。在初始薄膜形成后,可使低沸溶剂挥发掉,以增大涂层粘度并致使与衬底的粘附性增大。可根据墨的成分、印刷速度、印刷环境等调节低沸溶剂的量。然而,在本发明的一些实施例中,该(低沸)溶剂的量被适当调节为在墨组合物的溶剂总量的10%至90%的范围内。在一些实施例中,快干溶剂的优选例子包括烃溶剂,诸如环己烷;卤代烃溶剂,诸如二氯甲烷、四氯乙烯、氯仿、四氯化碳、二氯乙烷和三氯乙烷;以及环醚,诸如四氢呋喃、氧杂环丁烷和四氢吡喃。此外,其他例子包括醇,诸如甲醇、乙醇和丙醇;酯,诸如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯和乙酸异丙酯;酮,诸如丙酮和甲基乙基酮;以及脂族烃,诸如正己烷。这些助溶剂可单独使用或作为两种或更多种低沸溶剂的混合溶剂使用。从广义上说,任选的助溶剂的量被适当调节为在墨的溶剂总量的0%至50%的范围内。
树脂组分
树脂组分的选择涉及树脂在(墨)溶剂中的溶解度,其中溶解度越高越好,同时还提供与本发明的墨将用于涂布的各层或各种衬底中的材料间有限的相互作用或无相互作用。在一个实施例中,该树脂组分为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、卤化聚乙烯、卤化聚丙烯、卤化聚烯烃以及它们的任何组合的聚合物或共聚物,前提条件是至少50、60、70、80、85、90、92、94、96、98、99或100重量%的聚合物为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、卤化聚乙烯或卤化聚丙烯(或其他卤化聚烯烃)或它们的任何组合。
在一个实施例中,树脂组分包括聚α-烯烃,其中聚合物部分或全部衍生自的单体为碳-碳双键始于α-碳原子,即双键在单体中的#1碳和#2碳之间的烯烃。α-烯烃,诸如1-己烯或1-癸烯可用作共聚单体,从而得到烷基支化的聚合物以用作本公开的树脂组分。侧链烷基基团自身可形成多种构型,导致聚合物难以按有序方式将自身并列对齐。这导致分子间的接触表面积较低,并且降低了分子间的分子间相互作用,这继而往往会抑制结晶或固化;降低的结晶和/或固化往往根据α烯烃共聚物的选择和量,即使在低温下也将一定水平(在一些实施例中,相对少但是明显水平)的油状液体特征赋予树脂组分。
与少量α-烯烃(诸如1-己烯、1-辛烯或更长的烯烃)共聚的聚乙烯通常将比无支化的简单直链高密度聚乙烯更具柔性。根据所选的特定实施例,聚丙烯聚合物上的甲基支化基团根据本发明可为可用的。
在一个实施例中,树脂组分包括卤代烷(也称为卤代烃或烷基卤化物,其为具有一个或多个卤素部分的烷烃)或至少一个重复单元为卤代烷的共聚物。卤代烷可为伯、仲或叔卤代烷(或它们的任何组合)。卤素部分可包括氯、溴、氟或碘。在一个实施例中,卤素为氯。卤素部分往往会提高树脂的耐热性,即沸点、熔点、易燃性等方面,这根据所选或所需的特定实施例可能可用或者可能没有用。卤代烷往往比非卤代烷极性更强并且往往与多种常用聚合物材料(从广义上说)更容易混溶,从而根据所选的特定实施例可为可用的。树脂组分中卤代烷的量的范围可在如下重量百分比的任两者之间并且任选地包括如下重量百分比的任两者:0、2、5、10、12、15、20、25、30、35、40、50、60、70、80、90、95、98和100重量%。在一个实施例中,树脂组分包括纤维素,诸如乙基纤维素,或它们的衍生物。此类树脂的例子包括工业中通常表示为N50和T10的乙基纤维素。其他可用的树脂包括丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯,诸如聚丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯或它们的任何组合或衍生物。
根据本发明,其他树脂组合物也是可用的,前提条件是树脂组合物可溶于墨并且前提条件是树脂组合物不会损害或换句话讲干扰墨用于涂布的材料。
填料组分
根据所选的特定实施例,填料组分包括可为导电的、半导电的或非导电的一种或多种材料。可用的导电粒子包括金属粒子,诸如银、金、铂或钯。另选地或除此之外,导电填料可包括导电的有机材料,诸如,聚乙 炔、聚呲咯、聚苯胺、它们的共聚物和PEDOT/PSS。PEDOT/PSS是指聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)/聚磺苯乙烯。PEDOT/PSS是两种离聚物的聚合物混合物。一种组分为聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,其为磺化聚苯乙烯,其磺酰基基团的部分被去质子化而携带负电荷。其他组分聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)或PEDOT为共轭聚合物并携带正电荷,并且基于聚噻吩。带电荷的大分子一起形成大分子盐。根据本公开可用的其他导电填料包括碳、石墨、石墨烯、银纳米线、银涂布的基底金属等。其他材料诸如氧化铟锡(ITO)和氧化锑锡(ATO)以及复合材料诸如ITO涂层云母也可根据所选的特定实施例用于本发明。
根据所选的特定实施例,其他可用的填料可以为陶瓷,包括氮化物、氧化物、硼化物、碳化物等,例如氮化铝、氮化硼、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、滑石、工业金刚石和氧化铝。
其他可能的填料物质包括氧化物、硒化物、碲化物、硫化物和砷化物填料物质,诸如氧化锌、硒化镉、碲化锌、硫化镉和砷化铟也可用于本发明。
填料组分的粒径可在从几微米下至几纳米的范围内,具体取决于所采用的用于合成或改性填料粒子的制造方法和所需的最终应用。对于一些应用,在将本发明的材料沉积在非常薄的敏感材料层上的情况下,填料粒子的粒径可为至关重要的。粒径过大的粒子往往会对下面的层造成损坏,并且可能形成短路。在一个实施例中,粒子在一个维度上的平均粒径的范围在以下任两者之间并且任选地包括以下任两者(单位为微米):0.005、0.010、0,0.015、0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05、0.06、0.07、0.08、0.09、0.10、0.20、0.30、0.40、0.50、0.60、0.70、0.80、0.90、1.0、2.0、5.0、10、20、25、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100微米。
实例
实例1
通过将27.75g聚乙烯粉末(mw为大约35000)添加到222.25g双环己烷溶剂中来制备溶液聚合物。然后将所得的混合物加热至60℃的温度,直至树脂完全溶解。然后在使用之前将所得的溶液冷却至室温。
实例2
将27.00g实例1中所述的溶液聚合物与108.00g银粉(表面积为0.6-1.0m2/g)混合。然后将所得的混合物辗压三次以产生平滑均匀的墨。所得的墨在150℃下的固体含量为82.7重量%并且在10rpm下的粘度为73Pa-s。
实例3
将214.75g实例1中所述的溶液聚合物与2.5g双环己烷溶剂、16.38g造粒炭黑粉末(表面积为大约254m2/g)和16.38g石墨(粒径为8-15微米)混合。然后将所得的混合物辗压三次以产生平滑均匀的墨。所得的墨在150℃下的固体含量为22.7重量%并且在10rpm下的粘度为71Pa-s。
实例4
通过将20.00g氯化聚烯烃树脂粉末(氯含量为18-23重量%)添加到80.00g双环己烷溶剂中来制备溶液聚合物。然后将所得的混合物加热至60℃的温度,直至树脂完全溶解。然后在使用之前将所得的溶液冷却至室温。在制备下文所述的各种墨的过程中,多次重新制备该组合物。
实例5
将98.60g实例4中所述的溶液聚合物与13.46g造粒炭黑粉末(表面积为大约254m2/g)和13.46g石墨粉(粒径为8-15微米)混合。然后将所得的混合物辗压三次以产生平滑均匀的墨。所得的墨在150℃下的固体含量为36.4重量%并且在10rpm下的粘度为193Pa-s。
实例6
将85.85g实例4中所述的溶液聚合物与7.68g造粒炭黑粉末(表面积为大约254m2/g)和20.47g石墨(粒径为8-15微米)混合。然后将所得的混合物碾压三次以产生平滑均匀的在10rpm下的粘度为124Pa-s的墨。然后添加足够的双环己烷溶剂以将固体和粘度降低至可接受的范围。所得的墨在150℃下的固体含量为38.0重量%并且在10rpm下的粘度为111Pa-s。
实例7
将95.25g实例4中所述的溶液聚合物与3.75g双环己烷溶剂和26.0g石墨粉(粒径为8-15微米)混合。然后将所得的混合物辗压三次以产生平滑均匀的墨。所得的墨在150℃下的固体含量为36.5重量%并且在10rpm下的粘度为26.9Pa-s。
实例8
将95.25g实例4中所述的溶液聚合物与26.0g造粒炭黑粉末(表面积为大约254m2/g)混合。然后将所得的混合物碾压三次以产生平滑均匀的在10rpm下的粘度为569Pa-s的墨。然后添加足够的双环己烷溶剂以将固体和粘度降低至可接受的范围。所得的墨在150℃下的固体含量为32.2重量%并且在10rpm下的粘度为140Pa-s。
实例9
将107.31g实例4中所述的溶液聚合物与25.59g造粒炭黑粉末(表面积为大约254m2/g)和9.60g石墨(粒径为8-15微米)混合。然后将所得的混合物碾压三次以产生平滑均匀的在10rpm下的粘度为658Pa.s的墨。然后添加足够的双环己烷溶剂以将固体和粘度降低至可接受的范围。所得的墨在150℃下的固体含量为33.0重量%并且在10rpm下的粘度为157Pa-s。
实例10
将59.4g实例4中所述的溶液聚合物与4.05g造粒炭黑粉末(表面积为大约254m2/g)、4.05g石墨(粒径为8-15微米)和78.00g银粉(表面积为0.6-1.0m2/g)混合。然后将所得的混合物碾压三次以产生平滑均匀的在10rpm下的粘度为245Pa-s的墨。然后添加足够的双环己烷溶剂以将固体和粘度降低至可接受的范围。所得的墨在150℃下的固体含量为61.3重量%并且在10rpm下的粘度为109Pa-s。
实例11
将102.12g实例4中所述的溶液聚合物与29.37g造粒炭黑粉末(表面积为大约254m2/g)和11.01g石墨(粒径为8-15微米)混合。然后将所得的混合物碾压三次以产生平滑均匀的在10rpm下的粘度为766Pa-s的墨。然后添加足够的双环己烷溶剂以将固体和粘度降低至可接受的范围。所得的墨在150℃下的固体含量为34.1重量%并且在10rpm下的粘度为116Pa-s。
实例12
将112.50g实例4中所述的溶液聚合物与21.81g造粒炭黑粉末(表面积为大约254m2/g)和8.19g石墨(粒径为8-15微米)混合。然后将所得的混合物碾压三次以产生平滑均匀的在10rpm下的粘度为241Pa-s的墨。然后添加足够的双环己烷溶剂以将固体和粘度降低至可接受的范围。所得的墨在150℃下的固体含量为32.4重量%并且在10rpm下的粘度为103Pa.s。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于制备电子设备的可印刷墨,所述可印刷墨包含:
a.一种或多种非相互作用溶剂;
b.粘结树脂,所述粘结树脂溶于所述非相互作用溶剂;以及
c.填料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可印刷墨,其中所述粘结树脂为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、卤化聚乙烯、卤化聚丙烯、卤化聚烯烃以及它们的任何组合的聚合物或共聚物,前提条件是至少50重量%的所述聚合物为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、卤化聚乙烯或卤化聚丙烯或它们的任何组合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的可印刷墨,其中所述粘结树脂为包含α烯烃的共聚物,其中侧链烷基基团具有多于一个碳原子。
4.根据权利要求2所述的可印刷墨,其中所述粘结树脂包括卤代烷或至少一个重复单元为卤代烷的共聚物。
5.根据权利要求2所述的可印刷墨,其中所述粘结树脂包括纤维素、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或它们的组合。
6.一种将电极印刷在溶剂敏感性衬底上的方法,所述方法包括将可印刷墨放置在所述衬底上的步骤,其中所述墨组合物为根据权利要求2所述的墨。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可印刷墨,其中所述填料包括下列中的一者或多者:碳、石墨、石墨烯、银、金、铂和银涂布的基底金属。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可印刷墨,其中所述填料包括下列中的一者或多者:氮化铝、氮化硼、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、滑石、工业金刚石、氧化铝。
9.根据权利要求1所述的可印刷墨,其中所述非相互作用溶剂包括下列中的一者或多者:萘烷、双环己烷、癸烷、十一烷和十二烷。
10.根据权利要求1所述的可印刷墨,其中所述粘结树脂选自下列中的一者或多者:聚乙烯、聚丙烯、卤化聚烯烃、以及它们的共聚物和衍生物。
11.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述溶剂敏感性衬底为由以下项组成的组的成员:聚合物OLED衬底层、无定形二氧化硅基太阳能电池衬底层、聚碳酸酯以及它们的组合。
12.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述墨的所述放置通过丝网印刷、柔性版印刷、凹版涂布、制版、喷墨或喷涂来完成。
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CN106398396A (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-02-15 | 宁波墨西科技有限公司 | 一种石墨烯导电油墨 |
CN106739597A (zh) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-31 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种全印刷多功能透明薄膜及其制备方法 |
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