CN105307383B - A kind of PCB and PCB layout method - Google Patents

A kind of PCB and PCB layout method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105307383B
CN105307383B CN201510566223.9A CN201510566223A CN105307383B CN 105307383 B CN105307383 B CN 105307383B CN 201510566223 A CN201510566223 A CN 201510566223A CN 105307383 B CN105307383 B CN 105307383B
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mrow
protective wire
differential
signal transmission
msub
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CN105307383A (en
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关盈
柯华英
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Anhui Wave Sincere Information Technology Co Ltd
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Inspur Group Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02Details
    • H05K1/0213Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
    • H05K1/0216Reduction of cross-talk, noise or electromagnetic interference
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/0005Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits for designing circuits by computer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/09Shape and layout
    • H05K2201/09209Shape and layout details of conductors
    • H05K2201/09218Conductive traces
    • H05K2201/09236Parallel layout

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of PCB and PCB layout method, wherein, the PCB includes:At least two differential lines pair;The protective wire being arranged between two neighboring differential lines pair, for when two neighboring differential lines are to transmission signal, producing induced-current;At least one via being arranged on the protective wire, for connecting the protective wire and stratum, when two neighboring differential lines are to transmission signal, the induced-current on the protective wire is imported into stratum.By technical scheme, protective wire is set between differential lines pair, when differential lines are to transmission signal, induced-current is produced on protective wire, differential lines as interference source can be weakened to acting on the intensity of the crosstalk signal of adjacent differential line pair.

Description

A kind of PCB and PCB layout method
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of the present invention relates to PCB (Printed Circuit Bord, printed circuit board) technical field PCB and PCB layout method.
Background technology
Crosstalk refers on PCB, believes when a signal transmits on transport channels because of electromagnetic coupled in adjacent transmission Certain coupled voltages and couple current are produced on road.
At present, the mode of generally use difference cabling suppresses the crosstalk between adjacent signal transmission channel, as shown in Figure 1 A kind of PCB using differential lines to transmission signal, including the differential lines as signal channel are to 101 and differential lines pair 102, differential lines are to 101 and differential lines to including two bars transmission lines, the signal transmission of each differential lines centering in 102 respectively Wire rod matter is identical, length is identical, line width is identical, in close proximity to and into parallel cabling, wherein, differential lines are to 101 and differential lines pair The line width of signal transmssion line in 102 includes 8mil, and differential lines include to 101 and differential lines to the line spacing b between 102 40mil;When differential lines to 101 and differential lines to 102 transmission signal when, differential lines are to 102 because electromagnetic coupled can be in differential lines pair Equal in magnitude and polarity identical couple current and coupled voltages are superimposed on two bars transmission lines in 101, i.e., in difference Line is identical to caused crosstalk signal on two bars transmission lines in 101;Due to the mode transmission signal using difference cabling When, the response signal of corresponding signal receiving end is the difference of the transmission signal of two bars transmission lines, in differential lines are to 101 The response letter that identical crosstalk signal receives to differential lines to signal receiving end corresponding to 101 is superimposed on two bars transmission lines It is number smaller;Differential lines are identical to 101 operation principle with foregoing differential lines to 102.
But in above-mentioned technical proposal, when the line spacing of two differential lines pair is smaller, still deposited between adjacent differential line pair In stronger crosstalk signal;Such as differential lines to 101 and differential lines to the line spacing between 102 is 30mil when, differential lines are to 101 It is larger to the crosstalk signal difference on 102 two bars transmission lines to be respectively acting on differential lines, differential lines are believed corresponding in 102 The response signal that number receiving terminal receives can be a greater impact.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of PCB, can weaken between adjacent differential line pair caused by crosstalk signal it is strong Degree.
In a first aspect, the invention provides PCB, including:
At least two differential lines pair;
The protective wire being arranged between two neighboring differential lines pair, for when two neighboring differential lines are to transmission signal, Produce induced-current;
At least one via being arranged on the protective wire, for connecting the protective wire and stratum, when two neighboring When differential lines are to transmission signal, the induced-current on the protective wire is imported into stratum.
Further,
The protective wire is identical with the line width for each differential signal transmission that the differential lines centering includes.
Further,
The line width a of differential signal transmission span includes:No more than 8mil.
Further,
The impedance for each differential signal transmission that the impedance of each via includes with the differential lines centering It is identical.
Further,
The external diameter size of each via is identical;
The span of the external diameter of the via includes:More than 0, less than a, wherein, a represents the line of the signal transmssion line It is wide.
Further, the impedance Z of each via is calculated by following formulav
Zv=(r+jwl) h;
Wherein, r be the resistance of each via unit length, j be imaginary number, ω in complex representation be angular frequency, l be Unit length inductance, the h of each via are PCB substrate thickness;
Wherein, the unit length inductance l of each via is calculated by following formula:
Wherein, μ 0 be space permeability, h be PCB substrate thickness, rvFor the via outer shroud radius;
Wherein, as via outer shroud radius rvDuring less than skin depth δ, the resistance r of the unit length of each via Calculated by following formula:
Wherein, as via outer shroud radius rvDuring not less than skin depth δ, the resistance r of each via unit length Calculated by following formula:
Wherein, δ be the skin depth of via, σ be electrical conductivity.
Further,
The number m of the via is calculated by following formula:
V(z)=Zm-1I(z)
Wherein, V(z)For terminal induced voltage corresponding with the protective wire adjacent differential signal transmission line, I(z)For with guarantor It is impedance corresponding to every differential signal transmission to protect terminal response electric current, Z corresponding to the adjacent differential signal transmission of line.
Second aspect, the invention provides a kind of PCB wiring method, including:
Protective wire is set between PCB adjacent differential line pair;
Via is set on the protective wire, so that the via connects the protective wire and stratum.
Further, after protective wire being set between the adjacent differential line pair on pcb board, further comprise:
The parameter information of differential lines pair is obtained, determines to need the number of vias that sets and described according to the parameter information The external diameter of via, wherein, the parameter information includes:The impedance of differential signal transmission, the response electricity of differential signal transmission Pressure, the response current of differential signal transmission.
Further, determined to need the external diameter of the number of vias and via set, bag according to the parameter information Include:
The number m of the via is calculated by following formula:
V(z)=Zm-1I(z)
Wherein, V(z)For terminal induced voltage corresponding with the protective wire adjacent differential signal transmission line, I(z)For with guarantor It is impedance corresponding to every differential signal transmission to protect terminal response electric current, Z corresponding to the adjacent differential signal transmission of line.
By a kind of PCB provided by the invention and PCB layout method, protection is set between two neighboring differential lines pair Line, when two neighboring differential lines are to transmission signal, according to electromagnetic induction principle, the differential lines as interference source are to that can protect Induced-current is produced on line, the sense of current of the faradic direction and interference source is on the contrary, when protective wire produces induced-current When, the electric field and magnetic field intensity of the differential lines pair as interference source can be weakened, and then weaken the crosstalk letter between adjacent differential line pair Number intensity.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are the present invention Some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also basis These accompanying drawings obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is to use structural representation of the differential lines to the PCB of transmission signal in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation for PCB that one embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 3 is a kind of wiring method flow chart for PCB that one embodiment of the invention provides.
Embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is Part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments, based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art The every other embodiment obtained on the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in Fig. 2 the embodiments of the invention provide a kind of PCB, can include:
At least two differential lines are to 201;
The protective wire 202 being arranged between two neighboring differential lines pair, for when two neighboring differential lines are to transmission signal When, produce induced-current;
At least one via 203 being arranged on the protective wire, for connecting the protective wire and stratum, when adjacent two When individual differential lines are to transmission signal, the induced-current on the protective wire is imported into stratum.
By a kind of PCB provided by the invention, protective wire is set between two neighboring differential lines pair, when two neighboring difference When separated time is to transmission signal, according to electromagnetic induction principle, the differential lines as interference source on protective wire to that can produce induced electricity The sense of current of stream, the faradic direction and interference source can weaken as dry on the contrary, when protective wire produces induced-current The electric field and magnetic field intensity of the differential lines pair in source are disturbed, and then weakens the crosstalk signal intensity of adjacent differential line pair.
Specifically, after protective wire being set between differential lines pair, when differential lines are to transmission signal, the difference as interference source The differential signal transmission of line centering produces one because of electromagnetic induction in the differential signal transmission in adjacent differential lines pair The induced-current and induced voltage opposite with the sense of current in the differential signal transmission as interference source, meanwhile, protecting Shield line on can also produce an induced-current opposite with the sense of current in the differential signal transmission as interference source and Induced voltage;Induced-current on protective wire is also because electromagnetic induction produces in differential signal transmission in adjacent differential lines pair A raw induced-current opposite with the inductive current direction on protective wire;At this moment, the differential signal in adjacent differential line pair On transmission line, induced electricity caused by the inductive current direction caused by the differential signal transmission as interference source and protective wire Stream is in opposite direction, and therefore, induced-current caused by protective wire can offset a part and draw as the differential signal transmission of interference source The induced-current risen, that is, weaken and act on adjacent differential line to upper crosstalk signal as the differential signal transmission of interference source.
It should also be noted that, it can avoid protecting by setting via that caused electric current on protective wire is imported into stratum here Electric charge on shield line is gathered in certain on protective wire because protective wire does not form path, triggers other counter productives.
Further, in order to ensure after setting a protective wire between adjacent differential line pair, adjacent differential line centering The situation of impedance mismatching will not occur for differential signal transmission, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the protective wire with it is described The line width for each differential signal transmission that differential lines centering includes is identical.
Further, the technological progress due to electronic product and the requirement of ever-increasing complexity so that circuit design is close Spend more and more higher, in order to limited wiring space improve PCB can integrated level, it is described in a preferred embodiment of the invention The line width a of differential signal transmission span includes:No more than 8mil.
It should be noted that meeting that PCB should can as far as possible use the less difference of line width on the premise of manufacturing condition Signal transmssion line and protective wire, such as, when needs carry out PCB in limited wiring space closely to be connected up, meeting PCB can be under manufacturing condition, and the line width of differential signal transmission and protective wire can include 4mil;Certainly, without the concern for cloth On the premise of space of lines, the line width of differential signal transmission and protective wire can also be more than or equal to 8mil.
Further, in order to ensure after being provided with the via of ground connection between two neighboring differential lines pair, adjacent differential The situation of impedance mismatching will not occur for the differential signal transmission of line centering, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, each institute The impedance for stating via is identical with the impedance for each differential signal transmission that the differential lines centering includes.
Further, in order to facilitate manufacturer production PCB, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, each via External diameter size is identical;Specifically, the span of the external diameter of the via includes:More than 0, less than a, wherein, a represent described in The line width of signal transmssion line.
It should be noted that in the present embodiment, as long as meeting each of the impedance of each via and differential lines centering The impedance identical condition of differential signal transmission, the parameters of each via, such as external diameter size, internal diameter size Can also rationally it be set in the case where meeting aforementioned condition etc. specific parameter.
Specifically, the impedance Z of each via can be calculated by following formula (1)v,
Zv=(r+jwl) h; (1)
Wherein, r be the resistance of each via unit length, j be imaginary number, ω in complex representation be angular frequency, l be Unit length inductance, the h of each via are PCB substrate thickness;
Wherein, the unit length inductance l of each via is calculated by following formula (2),
Wherein, μ 0 be space permeability, h be PCB substrate thickness, rvFor the via outer shroud radius;
Wherein, as via outer shroud radius rvDuring less than skin depth δ, the resistance r of the unit length of each via Calculated by following formula (3),
Wherein, as via outer shroud radius rvDuring not less than skin depth δ, the resistance r of each via unit length Calculated by following formula (4),
Further, the impedance identical premise of the differential signal transmission in each via and differential lines pair is met Under, and the external diameter for working as each via is identical, i.e. when the outer shroud radius of each via is identical, it is necessary in two neighboring differential lines The number m of the via set between can be calculated by following formula (5),
V(z)=Zm-1I(z); (5)
Wherein, V(z)For terminal induced voltage corresponding with the protective wire adjacent differential signal transmission line, I(z)For with guarantor It is impedance corresponding to every differential signal transmission to protect terminal response electric current, Z corresponding to the adjacent differential signal transmission of line.
As shown in figure 3, the embodiments of the invention provide a kind of PCB wiring method, this method may comprise steps of:
Step 301, protective wire is set between adjacent differential line pair.
Here, in order to ensure after setting protective wire between differential lines pair, each that differential lines centering includes is not interfered with The continuity of the impedance of differential signal transmission, the line width of protective wire should be identical with the line width of differential signal transmission, certainly, Do not influence differential signal transmission it is successional under the premise of, the protective wire of other line widths and material can also be used.
The setting of protective wire should design initial stage in PCB circuits and complete, and specifically, can pass through the PCB design software such as Protel To complete the design of PCB circuits.
Step 302, the parameter information of differential lines pair is obtained, is determined to need the number of vias set according to the parameter information And the external diameter of the via.
Here, parameter information includes but is not limited to the impedance of differential signal transmission, the response of differential signal transmission electricity Pressure, the response current of differential signal transmission.
Step 303, via is set, and each via connects protective wire and stratum respectively.
Here, each via is arranged on protective wire, for connecting protective wire and stratum, when two neighboring differential lines During to transmission signal, the induced-current on the protective wire is imported into stratum.
Specifically, in step 303 and step 302, it is necessary to difference described in obtaining step 301 before via is set The parameters information of separated time pair, the response current of including but not limited to each differential signal transmission, each difference letter The impedance of the line width of number transmission line, PCB substrate thickness and each differential signal transmission;After determining above-mentioned parameter, it can lead to Cross the formula (1) described in said apparatus embodiment, formula (2), formula (3), formula (4) and formula (5) and determine that needs are set The quantity for the via put and the size of via external diameter etc.;And then by the PCB design software design patterns via such as Protel to complete PCB design.
It should be noted that during PCB design, differential signal transmission can be calculated by softwares such as txline Impedance and the impedance of via etc..
The present invention is that strength at least has the advantages that:
1st, protective wire is set between two neighboring differential lines pair, when two neighboring differential lines are to transmission signal, according to Electromagnetic induction principle, as interference source differential lines to can induced-current is produced on protective wire, the faradic direction with The sense of current of interference source can weaken the electric field of the differential lines pair as interference source on the contrary, when protective wire produces induced-current And magnetic field intensity, and then weaken the crosstalk signal intensity between adjacent differential line pair.
2nd, by being provided with protective wire between differential lines pair to weaken the crosstalk between two neighboring differential lines pair, due to The wire spacing of the two neighboring differential lines pair of the intensity of crosstalk signal is relevant between two neighboring differential lines pair, in the prior art, Make the line spacing between two differential lines pair in differential signal transmission line spacing more than 5 times are generally may require that, are protected by setting Protect after line, due to reducing the crosstalk signal intensity between adjacent differential line pair, therefore, in PCB layout, adjacent two can be reduced Line spacing between individual differential lines pair, save wiring space, and then improve PCB high speed cablings can integrated level.
It should be noted that herein, such as first and second etc relational terms are used merely to an entity Or operation makes a distinction with another entity or operation, and not necessarily require or imply and exist between these entities or operation Any this actual relation or order.Moreover, term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant be intended to it is non- It is exclusive to include, so that process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only include those key elements, But also the other element including being not expressly set out, or also include solid by this process, method, article or equipment Some key elements.In the absence of more restrictions, the key element limited by sentence " including one ", is not arranged Except other identical factor in the process including the key element, method, article or equipment being also present.
It is last it should be noted that:Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is merely to illustrate the skill of the present invention Art scheme, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Any modification for being made within the spirit and principles of the invention, Equivalent substitution, improvement etc., are all contained in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

  1. A kind of 1. printing board PCB, it is characterised in that including:
    At least two differential lines pair;
    The protective wire being arranged between two neighboring differential lines pair, for when two neighboring differential lines are to transmission signal, producing Induced-current;
    At least one via being arranged on the protective wire, for connecting the protective wire and stratum, when two neighboring difference When line is to transmission signal, the induced-current on the protective wire is imported into stratum;
    The protective wire is identical with the line width for each differential signal transmission that the differential lines centering includes;
    The line width a of differential signal transmission span includes:No more than 8mil;
    The impedance of each via is identical with the impedance for each differential signal transmission that the differential lines centering includes;
    The external diameter size of each via is identical;
    The span of the external diameter of the via includes:More than 0, less than a, wherein, a represents the line width of the signal transmssion line;
    Described PCB calculates the impedance Z of each via by following formulav
    Zv=(r+jwl) h;
    Wherein, r be the resistance of each via unit length, j be imaginary number, ω in complex representation be angular frequency, l be each Unit length inductance, the h of the individual via are PCB substrate thickness;
    Wherein, the unit length inductance l of each via is calculated by following formula:
    <mrow> <mi>l</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
    Wherein, μ 0 be space permeability, h be PCB substrate thickness, rvFor the via outer shroud radius;
    Wherein, as via outer shroud radius rvDuring less than skin depth δ, the resistance r of the unit length of each via is under Formula calculates:
    <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>&amp;sigma;</mi> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
    Wherein, as via outer shroud radius rvDuring not less than skin depth δ, the resistance r of each via unit length is under Formula calculates:
    <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>&amp;sigma;</mi> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> <mi>&amp;delta;</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>v</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>&amp;delta;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
    Wherein, δ be the skin depth of via, σ be electrical conductivity;
    Described PCB, it is characterised in that
    The number m of the via is calculated by following formula:
    V(z)=Zm-1I(z)
    Wherein, V(z)For terminal induced voltage corresponding with the protective wire adjacent differential signal transmission line, I(z)For with protective wire Terminal response electric current, Z are impedance corresponding to every differential signal transmission corresponding to adjacent differential signal transmission.
  2. A kind of 2. PCB wiring method, it is characterised in that including:
    Protective wire is set between PCB adjacent differential line pair;
    Via is set on the protective wire, so that the via connects the protective wire and stratum;
    After protective wire is set between adjacent differential line pair on pcb board, further comprise:
    The parameter information of differential lines pair is obtained, the number of vias set according to parameter information determination needs and the via External diameter, wherein, the parameter information includes:The impedance of differential signal transmission, the response voltage of differential signal transmission, difference The response current of sub-signal transmission line;
    Determined to need the external diameter of the number of vias and via set according to the parameter information, including:
    The number m of the via is calculated by following formula:
    V(z)=Zm-1I(z)
    Wherein, V(z)For terminal induced voltage corresponding with the protective wire adjacent differential signal transmission line, I(z)For with protective wire Terminal response electric current, Z are impedance corresponding to every differential signal transmission corresponding to adjacent differential signal transmission.
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CN113033129B (en) * 2021-03-03 2024-01-16 加弘科技咨询(上海)有限公司 Method, system, equipment and printed circuit board for reducing signal crosstalk of high-speed circuit

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On The Problem of Using Guard Traces for High Frequency Differential Lines Crosstalk Reduction;Felix D. Mbairi et al;《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES》;20070331;正文第68页第II部分、图2、表1 *

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