CN105306247B - 用于部署最小成本ccn拓扑的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于部署最小成本ccn拓扑的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN105306247B
CN105306247B CN201510295945.5A CN201510295945A CN105306247B CN 105306247 B CN105306247 B CN 105306247B CN 201510295945 A CN201510295945 A CN 201510295945A CN 105306247 B CN105306247 B CN 105306247B
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P·马哈德万
A·昆雷尔哈克
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Cisco Technology Inc
Vihana Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/12—Discovery or management of network topologies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/14—Network analysis or design
    • H04L41/145—Network analysis or design involving simulating, designing, planning or modelling of a network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/50—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements
    • H04L41/508—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements based on type of value added network service under agreement
    • H04L41/5096—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements based on type of value added network service under agreement wherein the managed service relates to distributed or central networked applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/1097—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for distributed storage of data in networks, e.g. transport arrangements for network file system [NFS], storage area networks [SAN] or network attached storage [NAS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/14—Network analysis or design
    • H04L41/142—Network analysis or design using statistical or mathematical methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
    • H04L45/126—Shortest path evaluation minimising geographical or physical path length
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
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Abstract

一种CCN部署系统可以跨越CCN节点的集合或跨越现有计算机网络设计和部署内容中心网络(CCN)拓扑。在操作期间，系统分析N个网络节点的计算机网络以确定物理网络拓扑。所述系统还确定物理网络上的数目k的网络节点以覆盖内容中心网络(CCN)。所述系统随后确定实现所述CCN覆盖网络的最佳性能指标的平均连接度和连接度分布。所述系统生成满足所述平均连接度并且满足所述连接度分布的k个网络节点的网络拓扑。所述系统可以跨越所述底层物理网络的k个节点部署所述内容中心网络拓扑。

Description

用于部署最小成本CCN拓扑的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及计算机网络。更确切地说，本发明涉及跨越互联网协议网络部署覆盖内容中心网络。
背景技术
近期研究工作是产生内容中心网络连接(CCN)以关于内容重新架构整个网络堆栈。在CCN中，包通常并不含有用于包的来源和目的地的网络地址。实际上，客户发出用于内容对象的请求，并且路由器跨越网络直接穿过网络将这些请求路由到储存内容的拷贝的最近网络节点，所述网络节点返回包含请求内容对象的包以响应于所述请求。
CCN可以使用受控制的溢流作为将所述请求路由到适当的内容提供商的机制，这消除了必须对所有可能的内容提供商配置显式路由的负担。然而，通过此机制产生的益处的代价在于网络中对象请求流量的增大开销。更糟糕的是，CCN节点彼此连接的方式对出现于网络中的兴趣的量具有主要影响，这使得难以无需减弱的开销来部署CCN网络。举例来说，次优的CCN拓扑可能使得兴趣经由不需要地大量的链路流动，并且可以在某些CCN节点处产生网络拥塞。此次优拓扑可以引起CCN节点处的不必要的处理开销，并且可以增大这些兴趣所访问的内容的输送时间。
发明内容
一个实施例提供跨越CCN节点的集合或跨越作为覆盖的现有互联网协议(IP)网络设计和部署内容中心网络(CCN)拓扑的系统。在操作期间，系统分析N个网络节点的计算机网络以确定物理网络拓扑。系统还确定物理网络上的数目k的网络节点以覆盖内容中心网络(CCN)。系统随后确定拓扑特定的特性，例如，实现CCN覆盖网络的最佳性能指标的平均连接度以及连接度分布。系统生成满足平均连接度并且满足连接度分布(或任何其它替代或额外要求)的k个网络节点的网络拓扑。系统可以跨越底层物理网络的k个节点部署内容中心网络拓扑。
在一些实施例中，覆盖CCN网络可以使用基于IP的物理网络基于数据段的名称转发兴趣消息。在CCN中，每一内容段分别地得到命名，且每一数据段结合到独特名称，所述独特名称区分所述数据与任何其它数据段，例如，相同数据的其它版本或来自其它来源的数据。此独特名称允许网络装置通过散播指示所述独特名称的请求或兴趣来请求数据，且可独立于数据的存储位置、网络位置、应用程序及运送手段而获得数据。以下术语描述CCN架构的元素：
内容对象：单个命名数据段，其结合到独特名称。内容对象是“持久性的”，这意味着独特名称和数据经由密码编译签名结合。内容对象可以在计算装置内来回移动，或跨越不同计算装置移动，但是并不发生变化。如果内容对象的任何组成部分发生变化，那么形成变化的实体产生包含更新内容的新内容对象，并且经由新密码编译签名将新内容对象结合到新独特名称。
独特名称：CCN中的名称通常是独立于位置的并且独特地识别内容对象。数据转发装置可使用名称或名称前缀朝向生成或储存内容对象的网络节点转发包，而无需所述内容对象的网络地址或物理位置。在一些实施例中，名称可为阶层结构可变长度识别符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可划分成若干阶层组成部分，其可以不同方式构造。举例来说，个体名称组成部分parc、home、ndn及test.txt可以左向前缀为主方式(eft-oriented prefix-majorfashion)构造以形成名称“/parc/home/ndn/test.txt”。因此，名称“/parc/home/ndn”可为“/parc/home/ndn/.txt”的“亲代(parent)”或“前缀”。额外组成部分可以用于区分内容项的不同版本，例如协作文档。
在一些实施例中，名称可包含非阶层式识别符，例如从内容对象的数据(例如，校验和值)和/或从内容对象的名称的元素导出的杂凑值。基于杂凑的名称的说明描述于第13/847,814号美国专利申请案(标题为“用于基于名称的包转发的有序元素命名(ORDERED-ELEMENT NAMING FOR NAME-BASED PACKET FORWARDING)”，发明人为Ignacio Solis，2013年3月20日递交)中。名称还可以为平面标记(flat label)。下文中，“名称”用于指名称数据网络中的数据段的任何名称，例如阶层名称或名称前缀、平面名称、固定长度名称、任意长度名称或标记(例如，多协议标记交换(MPLS)标记)。
兴趣：包，其指示对于数据段的请求，且包含所述数据段的名称(或名称前缀)。数据消费者可跨越内容中心网络散布请求或兴趣，CCN路由器可朝向可提供所请求数据以满足所述请求或兴趣的存储装置(例如，缓存服务器)或数据产生者传播所述请求或兴趣。
在一些实施例中，本文中所揭示的方法还适用于其它信息为中心的组网(ICN)架构，例如，一个名称为数据网络(NDN)的。CCN架构的说明描述于第12/338,175号美国专利申请案(标题为“在内容中心网络中控制兴趣和内容的传播(CONTROLLING THE SPREAD OFINTERESTS AND CONTENT IN A CONTENT CENTRIC NETWORK)”，发明人为Van L.Jacobson和Diana K.Smetters，2008年12月18日递交)中。
在一些实施例中，性能指标包含以下各项中的至少一者：兴趣开销、多个兴趣重新传输；可供使用的网络带宽、网络利用率；以及兴趣到内容对象环路时延。
在一些实施例中，在确定平均连接度时，系统对一或多个值进行迭代用于平均连接度以产生用于每个平均连接度的k个网络节点的网络拓扑。系统计算用于每个网络拓扑的性能指标，并且选择具有最高性能指标的平均连接度。
在一些实施例中，在确定连接度分布时，系统基于幂律分布、基于高斯分布或与所述分布相关联的参数确定最佳分布。系统还可以基于现在已知的或稍后研发的任何其它概率分布和/或通过与所述分布相关联的参数确定最佳分布。
在一些实施例中，在确定连接度分布时，系统在一或多个分布函数上迭代以基于对应的分布函数生成满足平均连接度的k个网络节点的网络拓扑。系统随后计算用于每个网络拓扑的性能指标，并且选择具有最高性能指标的连接度分布。
在一些实施例中，在确定连接度分布时，系统针对分布函数在一或多个参数上迭代以基于每个分布函数产生满足平均连接度的k个网络节点的网络拓扑。系统随后针对每个网络拓扑计算性能指标，并且选择具有最高性能指标的网络参数。
在一些实施例中，在确定连接度分布时，系统确定规定针对每一对连接度的发生值的最佳度分布矩阵。度分布矩阵实现用于k个网络节点的网络拓扑的满足平均连接度的最佳性能指标。
附图说明
图1说明根据一个实施例跨越IP网络覆盖的示例性内容中心网络。
图2呈现说明根据一个实施例用于跨越IP网络部署覆盖内容中心网络的方法的流程图。
图3A说明根据一个实施例的示例性连接度分布。
图3B说明根据一个实施例的示例性度分布矩阵。
图4呈现说明根据一个实施例用于确定优化性能指标的平均连接度的方法的流程图。
图5呈现说明根据一个实施例用于确定优化性能指标的分布函数和函数参数的方法的流程图。
图6说明根据一个实施例促进跨越IP网络部署覆盖内容中心网络的示例性设备。
图7说明根据一个实施例促进跨越IP网络部署覆盖内容中心网络的示例性计算机系统。
在诸图中，相同参考标号指代相同图式元件。
具体实施方式
呈现以下描述以使所属领域的技术人员能够制备并且使用实施例，并且在特定应用以及其要求的背景下提供以下描述。所属领域的技术人员将易于了解对所揭示的实施例的各种修改，并且在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，本文中所定义的一般原理可应用于其它实施例以及应用。因此，本发明不限于所示出的实施例，而是应符合与本文中所揭示的原理以及特征一致的最广范围。
概述
本发明的实施例提供解决确定用于内容中心网络(CCN)的最佳网络拓扑的问题的CCN部署系统，例如，当在其中每个节点具有CCN能力的网络上部署CCN网络时，或当在互联网或任何物理网络上部署CCN覆盖时。举例来说，物理网络可包含一组路由器、服务器和客户端装置，其中的每一个都连接有IP地址。具体来说，每个IP地址对应于物理IP网络的特定网络节点，并且物理网络中的节点可以将数据包转发到基于其IP地址的既定接收方。然而，在CCN网络中，兴趣消息规定用于所请求的数据段的名称，并且跨越CCN网络的节点可以转发兴趣消息以到达可以提供数据的任何装置。
在一些实施例中，CCN部署系统可以确定用于CCN网络的网络拓扑，并且使用IP网络中的节点的子组跨越物理IP网络将CCN网络部署为覆盖网络。在部署CCN网络时，CCN部署系统可跨越物理IP网络形成实施CCN拓扑的适当的表面(例如，物理或虚拟接口)或虚拟链路。并且，CCN网络的拓扑可以影响覆盖CCN网络的性能。因此，所述系统可以使用一个或多个性能指标测试各种拓扑参数以确定哪个拓扑获得接近最佳的性能指标。CCN拓扑的连接特性可以对出现于网络中的兴趣的量具有主要影响。举例来说，次优的CCN拓扑可使得兴趣经由不需要地大量的链路流动，并且可以在某些CCN节点处产生网络拥塞。
所述系统可以使用CCN节点当中的曲线图表征以及连接信息来形成覆盖CCN网络，并且预测覆盖网络的性能指标。这些性能指标可包含典型的网络性能指标以及CCN特定的性能指标，例如，传输或重新传输的CCN兴趣消息的数目(或百分比)、由于这些兴趣消息的开销、检索内容对象的预期的时间等。
所述系统可以使用这些预测指标以及从现网中收集的测量值来微调覆盖网络的拓扑，例如，通过形成新CCN表面(或链路)或拆卸现有CCN表面以获得最佳CCN网络拓扑。举例来说，如果网络提供商想要在物理网络的k个节点上部署CCN，那么所述系统可以基于每个覆盖网络的连接特性计算最好的CCN覆盖拓扑设计(例如，网状拓扑、树状拓扑等)以预测所述性能指标。运营商或CCN部署系统可以通过基于由所述系统产生的CCN拓扑动态地添加或移除CCN边缘来调节覆盖CCN网络。
图1说明根据一个实施例跨越物理网络100覆盖的示例性内容中心网络102。计算环境100可包含物理网络102，其可包含将各种计算装置介接到彼此的任何有线或无线网络，例如，经由一或多种技术(例如，蓝牙、Wi-Fi、蜂窝、以太网、光纤等)实施的计算机网络。
在一些实施例中，物理网络100可以包含预先存在的计算机网络，例如，基于IP的网络。CCN部署系统可以选择物理网络100的子组以用于部署覆盖CCN网络116(使用物理网络102中的粗线所说明的)。举例来说，所述系统可以确定当覆盖CCN网络具有特定拓扑(例如，树状拓扑或具有特定平均度或特定度分布的拓扑)时可以具有接近最佳性能的四节点覆盖CCN网络。因此，所述系统可以通过配置边缘节点106和边缘节点108以另外充当CCN节点来部署覆盖CCN网络116。边缘节点106和108可包含：转发信息库(FIB)，以用于处理和转发兴趣；待定兴趣表(PIT)，以用于处理和转发内容对象；以及内容存储区(CS)，以用于高速缓存内容对象。所述系统也可以配置路由器节点104和106以由于它们的高度的连接而作为CCN节点操作。具体来说，所述系统可以配置路由器节点104以由于其到CCN网络116的其它节点的连接而作为覆盖CCN网络116的集线器操作。
在一些实施例中，所述系统可以维持覆盖CCN网络116以确保它维持所需拓扑。举例来说，如果链路或CCN表面失败，或者如果CCN节点变成离线或变为不可达(例如，路由器节点104或110)，那么所述系统可以选择物理网络中的其它节点来使用以保留相同拓扑，或者可以部署实现接近最佳性能指标的替代CCN网络拓扑。
设计CCN拓扑
CCN部署系统特征在于有助于兴趣开销的增大并且影响传递内容时间的网络拓扑特性，以及使用此特性特征信息来设计最佳CCN覆盖。举例来说，系统可以首先隔离影响CCN兴趣开销和传递内容的时间的拓扑特性。为了实现此目的，系统分析dK系列的曲线中的曲线特性以确定它们如何互连。这些曲线包含n个节点，其中度k1、k2、……kp是曲线中的独特的度。独特度的数目p并不需要等于曲线n的尺寸，这是因为多个节点可具有相同的度。
所述系统可以生成一组dK曲线，所述曲线再现了每个dK特性与底层曲线(例如，底层N节点物理网络拓扑)的所有d尺寸的子曲线中的连接的度之间的相关性。当d＝0时，0K曲线再现底层曲线的连接的平均度。对于d＝1，1K曲线再现底层曲线的连接度分布。当d＝2时，2K-曲线再现给定曲线的接合度分布。以类似方式扩展此系列，当d＝n时，所生成的nK曲线是与底层曲线同构的。总而言之，dK系列中的每个特性嵌入越来越多的关于底层曲线结构的信息，并且因此对应的dK曲线受到越来越多的约束，直至dK曲线汇聚到底层曲线为止。
所述系统可以通过生成满足dK分布的随机曲线结构生成dK曲线，并且针对每个所选择的分布测量预期的CCN性能指标(例如，兴趣开销和传递内容的时间)。这些dK曲线可以揭示用于各种曲线拓扑的拓扑特性的分布，例如，平均节点度或发现以给定结构(例如，树状结构、网状结构等)互连的k+1个节点的概率。举例来说，2K曲线可以揭示m度的节点连接到另一p度的节点的概率。另外，3K曲线可以捕获多达3个节点的环路的概率分布。一旦揭示dK分布，那么dK曲线构造算法可用于构造表示此分布的随机曲线。
在一些实施例中，所述系统可以通过2K曲线的协调系数来表征它们，所述协调系数总结了在一个单个值中的2K曲线配置分布。所述系统可以将性能指标值(例如，预期的CCN流量开销和传递内容的时间)映射到描述特定2K家族的曲线的拓扑特性的对应的协调系数。
所述系统还可以生成说明此映射的曲线图，其中性能指标位于x轴上并且协调系数位于y轴上，以允许网络管理员容易地选择最好地适应它们的CCN基础设施需要的协调系数。曲线图可包含用于分析dK曲线的每个不同性能指标的曲线，其说明协调系数(以及各种对应的曲线结构)与各种不同性能指标之间的相关性。
在一些实施例中，所述系统可以自动(例如，无需人为干预)计算接近最佳协调系数值，方法是搜索和识别优化一或多个预定性能指标的协调系数(例如，通过最小化平均路径长度和平均兴趣计数这两者)。
所述系统还可以分析高阶dK曲线。举例来说，所述系统可以分析3K曲线概率分布以计算集群系数。这些3K曲线可以产生关于曲线拓扑约束的更多信息，但是这样做需要明显较高的计算开销。作为此问题的变通，所述系统可以生成较小3K曲线来分析它们的曲线拓扑约束，并且比较它们的集群系数。随后，在选择满足拓扑约束的曲线结构之后，所述系统可以使用曲线缩放算法以产生所需尺寸的按比例缩放的曲线，并且保持所需曲线结构的集群系数。
一旦所述系统识别满足CCN网络要求的协调系数和/或集群系数，所述系统可以使用dK曲线构造算法生成满足这些系数的必要的CCN拓扑。管理员还可以使用CCN部署系统以使用现实世界性能数据进一步优化CCN拓扑，所述数据是在已经跨越计算机网络(例如，互联网或任何物理网络)部署CCN拓扑之后获得的。举例来说，如果所部署的CCN拓扑经历拥塞状况，或当在运行CCN环境中检测到下行链路时，所述系统可以修正CCN拓扑以产生保持所需dK分布的新曲线配置。
图2呈现图示根据一个实施例用于跨越IP网络部署覆盖内容中心网络的方法200的流程图。在操作期间，所述系统可以确定用于N个网络节点的计算机网络的物理网络拓扑(操作202)。
所述系统随后选择数目k用于覆盖内容中心网络的尺寸以部署在物理网络上方(操作204)。所述系统还确定可以优化一或多个性能指标的覆盖内容中心网络的特征。举例来说，所述系统可以构造和分析各种覆盖网络拓扑以确定实现覆盖CCN网络的最佳性能指标的平均连接度(操作206)。所述系统还可以微调覆盖网络拓扑的要求，方法是构造和分析各种覆盖网络拓扑以确定满足平均连接度的连接度分布，并且进一步优化覆盖CCN网络的性能指标(操作208)。
在一些实施例中，所述系统可以确定是否进一步优化性能指标(操作210)。如果所述系统并不需要进一步优化性能指标，那么所述系统可以前进到生成满足平均连接度和连接度分布的k个节点的网络拓扑(操作214)。
另一方面，如果所述系统需要进一步优化性能指标，那么所述系统可以确定进一步优化用于网络拓扑的满足平均连接度的性能指标的最佳度分布矩阵(操作212)。所述系统随后生成满足平均连接度和度分布矩阵的k个节点的网络拓扑(操作214)。
一旦所述系统已经生成优化网络拓扑，那么所述系统可以跨越物理网络拓扑的k个节点部署覆盖CCN网络(操作216)。
图3A说明根据一个实施例的示例性连接度分布300。具体来说，分布300的x轴跨越一系列平均连接度，并且y轴规定具有给定连接度的多个节点。
在一些实施例中，所述系统生成连接度分布300以满足预定平均连接度。举例来说，如果系统已经确定1.96的平均连接度可以引起接近最佳性能指标，那么系统可以生成满足1.96的平均连接度的各种替代连接度分布。系统可以使用幂律分布函数、高斯分布函数或现在已知或稍后研发的任何其它分布函数。在生成分布300时，系统可以精密调节分布函数的参数以确保分布满足预定的平均连接度。所述系统可以测试这些各种分布函数，方法是生成和模拟满足这些分布的各种网络拓扑以及选择进一步改进品质指标的分布。
图3B说明根据一个实施例的示例性度分布矩阵350。具体来说，度分布矩阵350的行和列跨越两个邻近网络节点的各种连接度。并且，分布矩阵350可包含正方形矩阵，并且分布矩阵350的每个元素对应于独特的度组合。分布矩阵350的每个单元(i，j)示出了i度的节点连接到j度的节点的概率。举例来说，发生值352可以对应于CCN拓扑中的两个邻近节点具有给定度的值m和值n的概率，其中度值m的节点具有到度值n的节点的活动接口。替代地，出现值352可包含介于CCN拓扑中具有给定度值m和值n的两个邻近节点之间的连接(或所有可能的连接的一部分)的总数。
并且，所述系统可以生成满足预定平均连接度的度分布矩阵350。在一些实施例中，系统可以生成矩阵350，方法是首先基于预定分布函数输入值，并且随后在各个单元处调节发生值以进一步改进品质指标同时保持分布的预定平均度。在一些其它实施例中，系统可以首先通过输入随机生成发生值用于跨越矩阵350的每个单元而生成矩阵350。所述系统随后在各个单元处调节发生值以进一步改进品质指标，并且保留预定的平均分布度。
图4呈现图示用于根据一个实施例确定优化性能指标的平均连接度的方法400的流程图。在操作期间，系统可以分析连接值的各个平均度以选择具有最高性能指标的值。举例来说，系统可以选择k个节点的平均连接度(操作402)，并且生成满足平均连接度的k个节点的网络拓扑(操作404)。系统随后计算用于网络拓扑的性能指标(操作406)，并且确定是否分析另一连接度值(操作408)。
如果系统具有更加平均的连接度的值来进行分析，那么系统可以返回到操作402。否则的话，系统可以前进到选择具有最高性能指标的平均连接度(操作410)。
图5呈现图示根据一个实施例用于确定优化性能指标的分布函数和函数参数的方法的流程图。在操作期间，系统可以分析各个分布函数和函数参数以选择具有最高性能指标的值。举例来说，系统可以选择用于k个节点的分布函数(操作502)，并且选择用于分布函数的参数(操作504)。在一些实施例中，分布函数可包含幂律分布、高斯分布或现在已知或稍后研发的任何其它分布函数。
系统随后生成k个网络节点的网络拓扑(操作506)，并且计算用于网络拓扑的性能指标(操作508)。系统生成网络拓扑使得它满足平均连接度，并且满足分布函数和参数。并且，系统可以储存与平均连接度、分布函数和函数参数相关联的性能指标，例如，在平面文件(例如，电子表格文档)中或在数据库存储库中。
在一些实施例中，系统可以生成和测试用于其它函数参数或用于其它分布函数的额外替代网络拓扑。举例来说，如果系统需要分析用于相同分布函数的其它参数(操作510)，那么系统可以返回到操作504以选择其它参数，并且计算用于这些参数的性能指标。否则的话，如果系统需要分析不同分布函数(操作512)，那么系统可以返回到操作502以选择用于k个节点的另一分布函数和函数参数，并且计算关于此其它函数和其参数的性能指标。
一旦系统已经计算用于各个分布函数的性能指标和各个替代函数参数，那么系统可以确定最高计算出的性能指标，并且可以选择与最高性能指标相关联的储存的分布函数和函数参数(操作514)。系统可以使用此分布函数和函数参数以产生具有接近最佳性能指标的网络拓扑。
图6说明根据一个实施例促进跨越IP网络部署覆盖内容中心网络的示例性设备600。设备600可以包括多个模块，所述模块可经由有线或无线通信信道彼此通信。设备600可以使用一或多个集成电路来实现，并且可以包含比图6中示出的那些模块更少或更多的模块。另外，设备600可以集成在计算机系统中，或作为能够与其它计算机系统和/或装置通信的单独的装置实现。具体来说，设备600可以包括拓扑表征模块602、拓扑生成模块604、网络分析模块606和CCN部署模块608。
在一些实施例中，拓扑表征模块602可以确定用于CCN网络的网络节点的数目k，并且可以至少确定实现CCN网络的最佳性能指标的平均连接度和连接度分布。拓扑生成模块604可以生成满足平均连接度并且满足连接度分布的k个网络节点的网络拓扑。网络分析模块606可以选择位于计算机网络上的k个网络节点以覆盖CCN网络，使得所选择的节点满足针对CCN网络生成的网络拓扑。并且，CCN部署模块608可以跨越计算机网络的k个节点部署CCN网络。
图7说明根据一个实施例促进跨越IP网络部署覆盖内容中心网络的示例性计算机系统702。计算机系统702包含处理器704、存储器706和存储装置708。存储器706可包含易失性存储器(例如，RAM)，所述易失性存储器充当管理存储器并且可用于储存一或多个内存池。此外，计算机系统702可以耦接到显示装置710、键盘712和指向装置714。存储装置708可以存储操作系统716、CCN部署系统718和数据728。
CCN部署系统718可以包含指令，当通过计算机系统702执行时，所述指令可以使计算机系统702能够执行在本发明中描述的方法和/或过程。具体来说，CCN部署系统718可以包含指令以用于确定用于CCN网络的网络节点的数目k，并且至少确定实现用于CCN网络的最佳性能指标的平均连接度和连接度分布(拓扑表征模块720)。另外，CCN部署系统718可包含用于生成满足平均连接度并且满足连接度分布的k个网络节点的网络拓扑的指令(拓扑生成模块722)。
CCN部署系统718可包含用于选择计算机网络上的k个网络节点以覆盖CCN网络的指令，使得所选择的节点满足用于CCN网络的生成的网络拓扑(网络分析模块724)。CCN部署系统718还可以包含用于跨越计算机网络的k个节点部署CCN网络的指令(CCN部署模块726)。
数据728可包含通过本发明中描述的方法和/或过程作为输入需要的或作为输出生成的任何数据。具体来说，数据728可以至少储存底层物理网络的网络拓扑、用于各个曲线尺寸k且用于各个平均连接度d的一系列网络拓扑、用于各个网络拓扑的性能指标以及用于CCN网络的优化拓扑以跨越底层物理网络部署。
此具体实施方式中所描述的数据结构以及代码通常存储在计算机可读存储媒体上，所述计算机可读存储媒体可以是能储存计算机系统可用的代码和/或数据的任何装置或媒体。计算机可读存储媒体包含但不限于易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、磁性以及光学存储装置，例如磁盘驱动器、磁带、CD(光盘)、DVD(数字通用光盘或数字视频光盘)，或能够储存目前已知或稍后研发的计算机可读媒体的其它媒体。
在具体实施方式部分中所描述的方法和过程可以作为代码和/或数据实施，所述代码和/或数据可以储存在如上文所描述的计算机可读存储媒体中。当计算机系统读取并且执行储存在计算机可读存储媒体上的代码和/或数据时，计算机系统执行作为数据结构和代码实施且储存在计算机可读存储媒体内的方法和过程。
此外，上文所描述的方法和过程可以包含在硬件模块中。举例来说，硬件模块可以包含但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)以及目前已知或稍后研发的其它可编程逻辑装置。当硬件模块被激活时，硬件模块执行包含在硬件模块内的方法和过程。

Claims (8)

1.一种计算机实施的方法，其包括：
通过计算装置确定用于内容中心网络连接(CCN)网络的网络节点的数目k；
确定实现用于所述CCN网络的最佳性能指标的平均连接度和连接度分布；
生成满足所述平均连接度并且满足连接度分布的k个网络节点的网络拓扑；以及
将所述生成的网络拓扑的k个节点映射到物理计算机网络的节点，
其中确定所述连接度分布涉及：
在一或多个分布函数上迭代以基于对应的分布函数产生满足所述平均连接度的k个网络节点的网络拓扑；
计算用于每个网络拓扑的性能指标；以及
选择具有最高性能指标的连接度分布。
2.一种设备，其包括：
处理器；以及
存储媒体，其储存当通过所述处理器执行时使得所述设备执行一种方法的指令，所述方法包括：
确定用于内容中心网络连接(CCN)网络的网络节点的数目k；
确定实现用于所述CCN网络的最佳性能指标的平均连接度和连接度分布；
生成满足平均连接度并且满足连接度分布的k个网络节点的网络拓扑；以及
将所述生成的网络拓扑的k个节点映射到物理计算机网络的节点，
其中确定所述连接度分布涉及：
在一或多个分布函数上进行迭代以基于对应的分布函数产生满足所述平均连接度的k个网络节点的网络拓扑；
计算用于每个网络拓扑的性能指标；以及
选择具有最高性能指标的连接度分布。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其中将所述生成的网络拓扑的k个节点映射到物理计算机网络的节点涉及选择所述物理计算机网络上的k个网络节点以覆盖所述CCN网络，使得所选择的节点满足针对所述CCN网络生成的网络拓扑；以及
其中所述方法进一步包括跨越选自所述物理计算机网络的所述k个节点部署所述CCN网络。
4.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其中确定所述平均连接度涉及：
在一或多个平均连接度上进行迭代，以产生用于每个平均连接度的k个网络节点的网络拓扑；
计算用于每个网络拓扑的性能指标；以及
选择具有最高性能指标的平均连接度。
5.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其中确定所述连接度分布涉及基于以下各项中的一或多个确定最佳分布：
幂律分布；以及
高斯分布。
6.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其中确定所述连接度分布进一步涉及：
在用于所述分布函数的一或多个参数上进行迭代以基于每个分布函数产生满足所述平均连接度的k个网络节点的网络拓扑；
计算用于每个网络拓扑的性能指标；以及
选择具有最高性能指标的网络参数。
7.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其中所述连接度分布包含度分布矩阵。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中确定所述连接度分布涉及：
生成最佳度分布矩阵以包含用于每一对连接度的发生值，其中所述度分布矩阵实现满足所述平均连接度的用于k个网络节点的网络拓扑的最佳性能指标。
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US9537719B2 (en) 2017-01-03
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