CN105300896B - 一种地沟油高光谱透射快速检测方法 - Google Patents

一种地沟油高光谱透射快速检测方法 Download PDF

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CN105300896B
CN105300896B CN201510766035.0A CN201510766035A CN105300896B CN 105300896 B CN105300896 B CN 105300896B CN 201510766035 A CN201510766035 A CN 201510766035A CN 105300896 B CN105300896 B CN 105300896B
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郑基焕
毛润乾
张宇宏
董冰雪
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Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种地沟油高光谱透射快速检测方法。采用白光高光谱对合格的食用油和待检测油样品分别进行透射值数据采集,利用合格的食用油高光透射值Y对波长X拟合方程,得到的方程作为合格食用油的标准曲线F(X);利用待检测油样品高光透射值G对波长X拟合方程,得到的方程作为待检测油样品高光透射值曲线,以统计学方法‑T检验比较待检测油样品高光透射值曲线与标准曲线的各系数差异,以分析待检测油样品高光透射值曲线与标准曲线的偏离程度,判断待检测油样品是否为地沟油。本发明采用的方法简单有效,只需高光谱扫描进行透射值数据采集,即可以达到快速有效地沟油样品检测要求。

Description

一种地沟油高光谱透射快速检测方法
技术领域:
本发明属于食品检测领域,具体涉及一种地沟油高光谱透射快速检测方法。
背景技术
地沟油是回收的废弃食用油、反复煎炸后的食用油、下水道垃圾提炼出的劣质油剩菜剩饭提炼出的油以及劣质的动物内脏提炼出的油。由于商业利益的驱动,地沟油被带入食用油产业链,严重影响了食品安全,并引发相关社会问题。
对地沟油进行快速、高效地检测是当前我国政府部门必须要解决的重点民生问题之一。目前公开的地沟油检测方法很多,常见的有物理检测指标,如比重、折光率、电导率、红外光谱等,更多是建立在使用植物油标准的化学指标,如环芳烃、黄曲霉素、醛酮类物质、三酰甘油聚合物、特定基因、胆固醇、水分、调味料类物质、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、重金属、脂肪酸组成、皂化值、酸价、羰基值、过氧化值、碘值、脂肪酸相对不饱和度等,以及外观上辨别,如透明度与色泽、气味、味道等。
遗憾的是,地沟油经过人为特殊处理后,检测发现并不是所有地沟油样品,如多环芳烃、调味物质等可以被消除。食用油的理化指标检测包括对酸价、过氧化值浸出油溶剂残留游离酚(棉籽油)总砷、铅、黄曲霉毒素苯并芘及农药残留基本指标的检测,然而这些指标,即使是地沟油也都可能合格,根本无法辨别地沟油。更为复杂情况是,如果提炼后的地沟油与正常的食用油按照一定的比例进行混合,就更加难以准确区分地沟油与正常食用油,这为地沟油的准确检测带来了极大困难。
传统方法的检测结果需要经验,受主观因素影响较大,很难保证准确度;而理化分析方法不仅费时费力,而且需要借助昂贵的分析仪器和严格的实验室条件。因此迫切需要研究一种简单、快速的食用油与地沟油的鉴别技术。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供一种简单、快速地沟油高光谱透射快速检测方法,该方法旨在有效的解决现有技术中难以成功有效地检测出地沟油,而使地沟油与正常食用油区分开来的技术问题。
高光谱具有波段多、分辨率高的特点。食用油多为透明的液体,可以利用多个光谱波段进行高光透射分析来检测油品的品质。高光透射值的采集数据往往为连续的,形成透射值曲线,本发明还提供了数据分析方法,能够通过数据分析的结果快速反应油品的品质,从而实现了本发明的目的。
本发明的地沟油高光谱透射快速检测方法,其包括以下检测步骤:
采用白光高光谱对合格的食用油和待检测油样品分别进行透射值数据采集,利用合格的食用油高光透射值Y对波长X拟合方程,得到的方程作为合格食用油的标准曲线F(X);利用待检测油样品高光透射值G对波长X拟合方程,得到的方程作为待检测油样品高光透射值曲线,以统计学方法-T检验比较待检测油样品高光透射值曲线与标准曲线的各系数差异,以分析待检测油样品高光透射值曲线与标准曲线的偏离程度,判断待检测油样品是否为地沟油。
所述的白光高光谱为波长450~950nm的白光高光谱,进一步优选为波长450~650nm的白光高光谱。
上述白光高光谱透射值采集利用相关高光谱仪等实现;
所述高光谱的波长为450~950nm,或者根据透射值差异情况选取的某个波段,如450~650nm。
所述曲线拟合的方法为最小二差法,亦可以由MATLAB等数学软件实现;
所述T检验为统计学均数差异检验方法,显著性水平α为0.05,亦可根据需要而定,统计分析也可以由SPSS等统计软件实现,如p<0.05,则认为两者差异很大,待检测油样品为地沟油。
经大量的实验验证,不同油品的透射值在某一波段有明显的差异,所得到的透射值曲线亦不同。通过本发明的方法,利用合格的食用油样品的高光谱透射值的标准曲线,所有样品建立数据库,待检测油样品通过比对,可以判断待检测油样品是否为合格的食用油。因此,该特征利用数理统计的方法确认,本领域技术人员只需进行高光谱扫描,通过曲线方程的差异比对油品质量,操作简单可靠,易于辨别。本发明采用的方法简单有效,只需高光谱扫描进行透射值数据采集,即可以达到快速有效地沟油样品检测要求。
具体实施方式:
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:
比较鲁花花生油与地沟油的透射值曲线的差异。
利用HEADWALL系统采用波长450nm至650nm的白光高光谱对鲁花花生油进行透射值数据采集,重复5次,然后用MATLAB软件利用鲁花花生油的高光透射值(Y)对波长(X)拟合方程,得到的方程作为鲁花花生油的标准曲线F(X)。
5次重复得到的数据拟合方程如下:
F1(x)=-0.0064x4+0.3038x3-4.3174x2+10.68x+703.28 (R2=0.9831)
F2(x)=-0.0041x4+0.2052x3-3.4192x2+19.75x+638.3 (R2=0.6913)
F3(x)=-0.0075x4+0.344x3-4.8345x2+14.492x+692.53 (R2=0.9751)
F4(x)=-0.0033x4+0.1752x3-3.0803x2+18.966x+636.49 (R2=0.57)
F5(x)=0.0015x4-0.0748x3+1.4277x2-14.566x+718.85 (R2=0.7277)
地沟油同样按照上述鲁花花生油的方法进行高光谱透射值采集,重复5次,然后用MATLAB软件利用地沟油的高光透射值(G)对波长(X)拟合方程,得到的方程作为地沟油的曲线G(X)。
5次重复得到的数据拟合方程如下:
G1(x)=-0.0416x4+2.0721x3-31.582x2+92.353x+1681.5 (R2=0.9653)
G2(x)=-0.0379x4+1.9066x3-29.179x2+83.147x+1661.3 (R2=0.9699)
G3(x)=-0.0398x4+1.9962x3-30.748x2+94.917x+1627.1 (R2=0.9692)
G4(x)=-0.0378x4+1.8848x3-28.61x2+78.47x+1653.2 (R2=0.9651)
G5(x)=-0.0373x4+1.8837x3-29.051x2+85.983x+1637.2 (R2=0.969)
利用T检验比较各个系数的差异,显著性水平α为0.05,显著性检验表明曲线的方程存在显著差异(p<)0.05,因此认为地沟油与鲁花花生油存在很大差异。因此判定地沟油样品为非食用油,是地沟油的。

Claims (1)

1.一种地沟油高光谱透射快速检测方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
采用白光高光谱对合格的食用油和待检测油样品分别进行透射值数据采集,利用合格的食用油高光透射值Y对波长X拟合方程,得到的方程作为合格食用油的标准曲线F(X);利用待检测油样品高光透射值G对波长X拟合方程,得到的方程作为待检测油样品高光透射值曲线,以统计学方法-T检验比较待检测油样品高光透射值曲线与标准曲线的各系数差异,以分析待检测油样品高光透射值曲线与标准曲线的偏离程度,判断待检测油样品是否为地沟油;
所述的白光高光谱为波长450~650nm的白光高光谱。
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