CN105282215B - 用于通过内容中心网络转发并响应兴趣的基于声誉的策略 - Google Patents

用于通过内容中心网络转发并响应兴趣的基于声誉的策略 Download PDF

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CN105282215B
CN105282215B CN201510380047.XA CN201510380047A CN105282215B CN 105282215 B CN105282215 B CN 105282215B CN 201510380047 A CN201510380047 A CN 201510380047A CN 105282215 B CN105282215 B CN 105282215B
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P·马哈德万
G·C·斯科特
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Abstract

CCN网络节点使用一个或多个接口的声誉值来确定如何转发兴趣。操作中，网络节点可以通过网络接口接收兴趣或内容对象，通过在转发信息库(FIB)中使用兴趣的名称或名称前缀作为输入，执行最长前缀匹配查询，确定用于转发兴趣的一个或多个候选出接口。相应的FIB表项将名称前缀映射到包括名称前缀的相应出接口的转发规则。节点可以基于与兴趣的名称或名称前缀关联存储的声誉信息，确定每一个候选出接口的声誉值，并选择具有超过第一预定阈值的声誉值的候选出接口。节点然后可以通过所选的出接口转发所接收的兴趣。

Description

用于通过内容中心网络转发并响应兴趣的基于声誉的策略
技术领域
本申请一般涉及内容中心网络(CCN)。更具体地，本申请涉及在CCN中使用基于声誉的策略转发兴趣并返回内容对象的方法和设备。
背景技术
互联网和电子商务的繁荣继续引发网络行业的革命性变化。当今，从在线观看电影到每日新闻发送、零售和即时消息的相当大量的信息交互是在线进行的。日益增长的互联网应用也变成移动的。然而，当前的互联网基于大型的基于位置的寻址方案工作。最普遍存在的协议即互联网协议(IP)以基于位置的地址为基础。即，内容的消费者只能够通过从与物理对象或位置紧密关联的地址(例如IP地址)显式请求内容而接收内容。此限制性的寻址方案越来越不足以满足不断变化的网络需求。
最近，行业中已经提出内容中心网络(CCN)架构。CCN将新方法引入到内容传输。代替在应用等级以内容得以通过的端对端对话查看网络流量，内容是基于其唯一的名称请求或返回的，网络负责将内容从提供者路由到消费者。
使用内容中心网络，网络中的节点可以使用内容名称接收对一些内容的请求，内容名称被称作兴趣。如果节点不能提供满足兴趣的内容，则节点可以将兴趣通过与兴趣的名称或名称前缀关联的接口转发，兴趣最终到达可以提供满足兴趣的内容对象的节点。
然而，当前用于转发兴趣的技术并不允许有可以更高效地使用网络资源的转发策略。网络条件可能变化，节点适应和响应于变化的条件的能力受限。例如，接口的响应时间可能急剧增大，但节点可能继续向接口转发兴趣，这是不期望的。举另一示例，网络可能在每天的同一时间变得拥挤，某些接口可能提供比其它接口更大的带宽。更糟糕的是，一些接口可能传送其签名并不具有被成功验证的高可能性的内容对象。当前的CCN节点不能选择使用哪些接口发送或接收包以最大化其性能和/或从最可靠的节点/缓存获得内容。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施例提供一种促进策略性使用声誉值来转发兴趣并缓存内容对象的CCN网络节点。操作中，网络节点可以通过在转发信息库(FIB)中查询兴趣的名称或名称前缀确定用于转发兴趣的一个或多个候选出接口。相应的FIB表项将名称前缀映射到包括名称前缀的相应出接口的转发规则。节点可以基于与兴趣的名称或名称前缀关联存储的声誉信息确定每个候选出接口的声誉值，并选择声誉值超过第一预定阈值的候选出接口。节点然后可以通过所选的出接口转发所接收的兴趣。
在此实施例的一个变形中，所述声誉信息包括以下的至少一个：声誉值、一组属性值和一组属性权重。
在此实施例的一个变形中，所述网络节点通过从声誉信息获得声誉值；基于来自声誉信息的一个或多个属性值和属性权重计算声誉值或从声誉信息的一个或多个属性值和一个或多个属性值的定制属性权重计算声誉值，从而确定声誉值。
在此实施例的一个变形中，所述节点可以通过一个或多个接口接收与共同的名称或名称前缀关联的一个或多个内容对象。所述节点对一个或多个内容对象中的每一个确定相应接口或者对通过相应接口接收的内容对象的名称或名称前缀的声誉信息。所述节点然后基于相应的声誉信息确定是否缓存相应的内容对象。所述节点可以响应于确定缓存相应的内容对象在内容存储中缓存具有相应声誉信息的内容对象。
在此实施例的一个变形中，所述节点可以通过多个出接口转发所接收的兴趣。所述节点可以等待预定的时间周期以通过多个出接口中的任何一个接收一个或多个内容对象，使得一个或多个内容对象中的每一个与声誉信息关联。所述节点从一个或多个内容对象中选择具有最高声誉值的第二内容对象。所述网络节点可以缓存第二内容对象，并响应于确定第二内容对象的声誉值高于缓存的内容对象的声誉值，通过接收兴趣所通过的接口返回第二内容对象。
在此实施例的一个变形中，所述网络节点可以从第一入接口接收第二兴趣，并在内容存储中执行查询以检索满足第二兴趣的缓存内容对象。内容存储可以存储内容对象连同相应的声誉信息。所述网络节点可以响应于通过内容对象的声誉信息确定内容对象的声誉值超过预定阈值，将缓存的内容对象返回到请求节点。
在此实施例的一个变形中，所述网络节点可以向第二候选出接口的一个或多个属性分配属性值，向一个或多个属性中的每一个分配权重值。所述节点可以基于分配的属性值和分配的权重值计算第二候选出接口的名称前缀的声誉值。所述节点可以存储声誉信息，所述声誉信息包括与候选出接口和/或名称前缀关联的声誉值、属性值和权重值。
在此实施例的一个变形中，所述网络节点可以基于名称前缀计算相应的候选出接口的一个或多个属性值，并且可以基于属性的最高预期值标准化相应的属性值。所述节点可以确定相应的属性值的权重，并且以一个或多个属性值的加权和计算出接口和名称前缀的声誉值。
在此实施例的一个变形中，所述网络节点可以从第一入接口接收第一兴趣，从第二入接口接收第二兴趣。所述网络节点确定第二入接口是否与比第一入接口有更高的优先权关联。如果是，则所述网络节点通过第一出接口转发第一兴趣，通过声誉值比第一出接口的声誉值高的第二出接口转发第二兴趣。
在此实施例的一个变形中，对于名称前缀分类，所述网络节点可以确定与名称前缀分类关联的一组名称前缀。所述网络节点基于与一组名称前缀关联的剖析信息生成名称前缀分类的声誉信息，将声誉信息与名称前缀分类关联。
附图说明
图1呈现一个图形，该图形图解说明根据本发明的实施例的包括CCN的示例性网络环境。
图2呈现根据本发明的实施例的示例性CCN拓扑，该示例性CCN拓扑促进声誉值的策略使用以转发兴趣并缓存内容对象。
图3呈现一个流程图，该流程图图解说明根据本发明的实施例用于计算声誉值的示例性过程的概括。
图4呈现一个流程图，该流程图图解说明根据本发明的实施例响应于接收兴趣而返回内容对象的示例性过程。
图5呈现一个流程图，该流程图图解说明根据本发明的实施例使用声誉值确定如何转发兴趣的示例性过程。
图6呈现一个流程图，该流程图图解说明根据本发明的实施例更新属性值、权重值和声誉值，以及使用声誉值确定是否缓存内容对象的示例性过程。
图7呈现一个框图，该框图图解说明根据实施例具有声誉值的示例性转发信息库(FIB)。
图8呈现一个框图，该框图图解说明根据实施例的示例性内容存储。
图9图解说明根据实施例使用声誉值促进策略转发和缓存的示例性设备。
图10呈现根据本发明的实施例使用声誉值促进策略转发和缓存的示例性计算机系统。
在图中，相同的附图标记指相同的附图元件。
具体实施方式
给出以下描述使得本领域技术人员能够制造和使用本发明，以下描述是在特定应用和其需求的背景下提供的。对所公开实施例的各种改进对本领域技术人员是非常显然的，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下，本文中定义的通用原理可以应用于其它实施例和应用。因此，本发明不局限于所显示的实施例，而是给予与本文中公开的原理和特征一致的最宽范围。
在详细描述部分描述的数据结构和代码通常存储在计算机可读存储介质上，所述计算机可读存储介质可以是能存储代码和/或数据以由计算机系统使用的任何装置或介质。计算机可读存储介质包括但不限于易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、磁和光存储装置(诸如磁盘驱动器、磁带、CD(光盘)、DVD(数字通用盘或数字视频盘))或能够存储现在已知或以后开发的计算机可读介质的其它介质。
本发明的实施例通过使用声誉值来动态地适应兴趣的转发和内容对象的缓存解决了不灵活和不高效利用网络资源的问题。这提高了满足与名称前缀关联的特定目标的可能性。CCN节点使用被设计成加权可量化因子的定制计算将声誉值计算为数字值，可量化因子可帮助节点满足特定目标。这些因子可以通过数字属性量化，数字属性诸如特定的名称前缀的接口的延迟或带宽，或用于验证来自接口的特定的名称前缀的内容对象签名的成功率。属性是节点可以测量以做出知情决定的可量化性质、策略或特征。
系统管理员可以给每个属性分配加权值，使得计算的声誉值达到期望目标。目标可以包括例如给用户提供连续的视频流体验，或者提供还未被伪造或篡改的认证数据。目标通常与特定的名称空间关联，不同的名称空间可以与不同目标关联。为了实现目标，此目标特定的属性可以用来计算专用于此目标的声誉值。因此，网络节点可以基于兴趣的名称前缀或基于与名称前缀关联的目标给接口的属性分配权重值。
通过将声誉值引入到CCN节点上的决策制定过程，节点通常可以提高满足名称空间的各个目标的可能性。节点有更加细粒度的控制，可以在利用声誉值时做出更加知情的决策。节点会更加高效地使用网络资源，明显降低内容请求者接收不好的内容或拙劣服务的可能性。
节点可以使用例如声誉值，以进行转发决策，决定是否缓存内容对象或者确定是否返回从缓存读到的内容对象。节点可以计算它可以用来转发兴趣使用的每个接口的声誉值，将兴趣转发到声誉值超过预定最小阈值的一个或多个接口。注意，词语“接口”指接口或虚拟接口，虚拟接口可以包括接口的集合。节点还可以计算从接口接收的内容对象的声誉值，然后如果声誉值超过预定阈值则在内容存储中缓存内容对象。而且，如果与缓存的内容对象关联的声誉值超过预定阈值，节点可以从内容存储返回内容对象到请求节点。
在一些实施例中，节点可以计算声誉值R，R是加权属性值<x1,x2,…,xn>的线性组合：
Figure BDA0000750478180000051
其中，n是属性的数目，xi是属性i的属性值，wi是属性i的权重值。属性可以覆盖许多种主题。属性可以包括性能度量，诸如接口的延迟或带宽测量值。属性的其它示例包括节点已经成功验证特定接口的内容对象的签名的次数，路由策略(例如对路由时间或网络流量类型的限制)和节点接收相同兴趣的次数。节点可以将不同权重值与不同属性关联以强调与名称前缀关联的给定目标的某些属性的重要性，降低其它属性的重要性。对于给定的名称前缀，节点和/或管理员可以选择并随时间调整属性和权重值以获得名称前缀的目标。
节点可以自动地适应变化的网络条件以通过在计算声誉值时适当选择和使用属性和权重值来满足目标。例如，通过给声誉值添加延迟属性，并很大地加权延迟属性，节点可以转发兴趣，使得即便网络负载在接口之间转移，具有最低延迟的接口才接收兴趣。
在CCN中，通信是由数据的消费者驱动的。CCN架构提供两种包类型：兴趣包和内容对象(例如数据)包。兴趣包(也称作“查询”)用来对一些内容进行请求。兴趣包对特定形式的查询进行编码，其表达期望的内容的名称(或者有时候是名称前缀)。内容对象包包括内容的单元。内容对象包通过自身内携带其全名，是自识别的。消费者通过内容中心网络发送兴趣来请求内容，兴趣的任何接收者可以通过用匹配的内容对象进行响应来满足兴趣。内容对象响应于兴趣只被传送，并消费该兴趣。兴趣和内容对象两者都通过内容名称(或CCN名称)识别被交换的内容。在一些实施例中，如果兴趣包中的CCN名称是内容对象中的CCN名称的前缀，则内容对象可以“满足”兴趣。以下词语描述内容中心网络(CCN)的元件：
内容对象(Content Object)：单一一项命名数据，其绑定到唯一名称。内容对象是“永久的”，这意味着内容对象可以在计算装置内或者在不同的计算装置中移动，但不会改变。如果内容对象的任何组成发生改变，则进行改变的实体创建包括更新内容的新内容对象，并且将新内容对象绑定到新唯一名称。
名称(Name)：CCN中的名称通常是位置无关的，唯一地标识内容对象。数据转发装置不管内容对象的网络地址或物理位置如何，可以使用名称或名称前缀将兴趣包向生成或存储内容对象的网络节点转发。在一些实施例中，名称可以是分层结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以分成几个分层组成，这些组成可以以各种方式构造。例如，个别的名称组成parc,home,ccn,和test.txt可以以左对齐的前缀为主的方式构造，形成名称“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”。因此，名称“/parc/home/ccn”可以是“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”的“父”或“前缀”。附加组成可以用来区分内容项目的不同形式，诸如合作文档。
在一些实施例中，名称可以包括无层次标识符，诸如由内容对象的数据(例如检验和值)和/或从内容对象的名称的元件导出的散列值。基于散列的名称的描述在(发明人Ignacio Solis于2013年3月20日提交的名称为“ORDERED-ELEMENT NAMING FOR NAME-BASED PACKET FORWARDING”的)美国专利申请号13/847,814中描述。名称还可以是扁平标签(flat label)。后面，“名称”用来指在命名数据网络中一条数据的任何名称，诸如层次名称或名称前缀，扁平名称(flat name)，固定长度的名称，任意长度的名称，或者标签(例如多协议标签交换(MPLS)标签)。
兴趣(Interest)：指示对一项数据的请求的数据包，包括该项数据的名称(或名称前缀)。数据消费者可以通过信息中心网络分解请求或兴趣，CCN路由器可以向存储装置(例如缓存服务器)或可以提供请求数据以满足请求或兴趣的数据生产者传播。
对CCN架构的描述在美国专利申请号12/338,175(发明人Van L.Jacobson和DianaK.Smetters于2008年12月18日申请的名称为“CONTROLLING THE SPREAD OF INTERESTSAND CONTENT IN A CONTENT CENTRIC NETWORK”)中有描述。
图1呈现一个图形，该图形图解说明根据本发明的实施例的包括CCN 100的示例性网络环境。CCN 100包括通过CCN 100彼此耦连的许多装置，诸如膝上型计算机102、媒体服务器104和智能手机106-111。注意，所述装置可以是任何类型的计算装置，包括移动计算装置，诸如膝上型计算机、平板电脑或平板触摸电脑、智能手机或个人数字助理(PDA)或静止计算装置(诸如桌面计算机或家用媒体服务器)。
此外，每个装置可以具有声誉计算模块、未决兴趣表(PIT)、转发信息库(FIB)和转发器及其它。这些组件的示例图示为媒体服务器104，包括声誉计算模块112、PIT 114、FIB116、转发器118和内容存储120。
声誉计算模块112可以周期性地或者按需(接近实时)计算和更新声誉值。节点104保存PIT 114，以跟踪未决兴趣，并且可以在接收新的兴趣或者当未决兴趣被满足或超时时更新PIT 114。PIT 114存储与待与输入的内容对象匹配的兴趣的表项，每个表项只有在匹配时或者在兴趣超时时被去除。FIB 116是转发表，其包含节点104确定兴趣应当发送到哪个相邻节点或哪些节点的信息。
转发器118在网络上转发兴趣和/或包。转发器118执行一些功能，这些功能包括基于声誉值确定哪些接口将转发兴趣，并在节点接收兴趣或内容对象时更新声誉值和属性值。注意，在一些实施例中，媒体服务器104可以包括附加模块，附加模块执行转发器118的各个功能中的一些功能，本发明的实施例不局限于本文中描述的模块。
内容存储120可以缓存媒体中心104已经通过一个或多个接口接收的内容对象。
图2呈现根据本发明的实施例的一组CCN节点的示例性CCN拓扑，其使用声誉值转发兴趣，缓存内容对象。图2图解说明CCN中的6个示例性节点202-212，5个节点204-212通过接口214-222连接到节点202。节点202例如可以包括图1中的媒体服务器104。节点202可以通过接口222接收兴趣，在此时，节点202判断是否返回缓存的内容对象或者转发兴趣。
如果在节点202上存在满足兴趣的缓存于内容存储120中的内容对象，则如果与缓存的内容对象关联的声誉值超过预定阈值，则节点202可以返回内容对象。
如果节点202确定需要转发兴趣，则节点202可以使用接口214-220的声誉值选择转发兴趣的接口。节点202可以向具有最高声誉值的节点发送兴趣，或者向声誉值超过预定阈值的选择的接口发送兴趣。节点202还可以使用声誉值确定是否缓存从其相邻的节点接收的任何内容对象。
节点202可以一开始给名称前缀或特定名称前缀的接口分配一组属性。例如，节点202可以给名称前缀“/bbc”分配一组属性。第一属性可以对应于包括该名称前缀的内容对象被请求的频率，第二属性可以对应于与名称前缀关联的特定策略。因此，计算名称前缀的声誉值(例如无关联接口)可能对判断是否缓存内容对象是有用的。
在一些实施例中，节点202可以例如通过瓦解与多个名称前缀关联的声誉值计算接口的声誉值。计算接口的声誉值(例如在没有关联的名称前缀时)可能对判断如何转发具有稀有名称前缀的兴趣是有用的。对于节点而言，计算历史性能数据并不存在的名称前缀的准确声誉可能是困难的，因此，节点可以基于接口的大概性能判断如何转发兴趣。
节点202还可以给特定的名称前缀(例如“每个名称前缀，每个接口”)的接口分配一组属性。例如，节点202可以给名称前缀为“/bbc”的接口216分配一组属性。这些属性可以包括延迟(例如在通过接口216发送兴趣之后，接收内容对象的响应时间)以及签名验证成功率。内容对象包括名称、数据和将名称和数据与数据的生产者绑定的签名。此签名可以确认数据的真实性和完整性。另一属性可以对应于可以规定路由约束或路由考虑因素的路由策略，诸如在某些时间周期中对节点之间的路由的限制，或者对网络的一些部分的流量负载或流量类型的限制。
属性还可以包括对于特定的流量包类型(诸如视频流量包)的协议。例如，节点202可能需要给视频流量包应用某些规则，并且可能需要向特定的接口转发包。节点202可以将属性映射到数字值，以计算声誉值。例如，节点202可以将路由策略或协议属性映射成数字值。
注意，节点202可以计算具有特定的名称前缀的接口的声誉值。这是计算声誉值“每个名称前缀，每个接口”。相同接口的不同名称前缀可以与不同的属性关联，因此与不同的声誉值关联。
注意，节点202可以周期性地、按需或者在任何时间改变分配给名称前缀或分配给特定的名称前缀的接口的一组属性。节点202可以在新属性变成可用时改变这组属性，或者可以在节点202改变名称前缀的目标时改变属性(和权重值)。管理员可以进行改变，或者节点202可以自动地进行改变。
节点202可以使用分配给名称前缀和/或接口的一组属性确定属性值。节点202可以在适当时动态地计算或更新属性值，诸如在节点202接收内容对象(例如更新延迟度量)，或者接收兴趣(例如更新接收兴趣的次数)。举另一示例，节点202可以在成功地验证内容对象的签名时更新成功的签名验证的数目。节点202可以在适当时更新其它属性的属性值。
节点202可以基于历史信息，诸如一个时间周期上过去的流量数据(例如过去的5分钟，过去的20天或者过去的一年)在本地计算属性的值。节点202可以使用各个不同名称空间节点的性能分析历史数据，量化属性值。例如，节点202可以在一个时间周期上针对名称空间“/bbc”采集并保存节点202将兴趣转发到的接口(例如接口216)的日志和度量数据，并且可以通过这些数据计算属性值。
每个节点可以根据其自己的本地标准，独立于其它节点标准化其属性值。例如，节点202可以基于最高的属性预期值(例如遇到的值)标准化属性值。节点202可以标准化属性值，使得得分越高越好，同时，其它节点可以标准化他们的属性，使得得分越低越好。节点可以标准化属性值，使得它计算在数值的任何集合之间(例如，在范围[0,1]中)的声誉值。
节点202还可以不管其它节点如何分配他们的权重，向每个属性分配权重值。节点202可以根据“每个名称前缀”、“每个接口”或“每个名称前缀，每个接口”，为每个属性分析权重值。即，节点202可以向名称前缀的属性分配一组权重值。节点202还可以向接口的属性分配另一组权重值。节点202还可以向特定的名称前缀的接口分配又一组权重值。替代性地，节点202可以对一个节点上的所有名称空间和接口使用相同的权重值集合。
节点202还可以在名称空间的不同层次水平上分配权重值。例如，节点202可以将名称前缀“/cnn”与一组权重值关联，节点202可以将名称前缀“/cnn/headlines”与另一组权重值关联。
节点202可以基于通过可用的本地资源、策略需求和/或任何其它约束确定的标准设置权重值。节点202可以评估标准和约束，自动地(例如无人干预)设置或更新满足标准和约束的属性和权重值。节点202可以根据属性的重要性重新分配新权重值，并根据新的权重值计算声誉值。例如，如果响应时间重要，则节点202可以增大延迟属性的权重值，并计算新声誉值。举另一示例，节点202可以调整权重值，以最大化可用资源的使用，避免资源的未充份使用，同时保持在最大使用阈值之内。节点202可以在相同的过程中动态地更新属性值，更新权重值。
节点202可以检查历史日志和度量数据，以确定可以在不同的时间点最佳使用资源(例如带宽和可用缓存)的最佳权重值。例如，在一个时间周期上，节点202可以确定诸如可用带宽的属性对名称空间“/bbc/headlines”是不重要的。节点202则可以降低名称空间“/bbc/headlines”的可用带宽属性的权重值。如果带宽在5PM和7PM之间是重要的，则节点202可以增大这些小时的可用带宽的权重值。注意，节点202可以通过检查详述在不同的时间周期中流量如何流过节点的接口的历史信息，确定在某些小时中带宽是否是更重要。
举另一示例，两个互联网服务提供商(ISP)可以将5PM到7PM的峰值小时之间的互联网消息的数目限制到x个兴趣的合约或绑定。节点202可以动态地调整5PM到7PM的峰值小时的权重值，以限制互联网消息的数目，并在7PM之后将权重值重新调整回其原来的值。
节点202可以设置权重值以获得名称空间的目标。这允许节点基于与名称空间关联的目标或目的转发兴趣或缓存内容对象。例如，如果路由策略是不重要的，则节点202可以设置w3＝0，其中，w3是路由策略属性的权重值。路由策略包括例如对某些时间周期中节点之间的路由的限制或者对网络的一些部分的流量负载或流量类型的限制。举另一示例，低延迟对于流视频的良好的观看体验是重要的。因此，节点202可以设置w1＝100，其中，w1是延迟属性的权重值。如果安全性是至关重要的，诸如当在线访问银行帐户时，则节点202可以设置w2＝100，其中，w2是签名验证属性的权重值。
举另一示例，高带宽和低延迟可能是与流视频关联的名称空间(例如“/netflix/video”)的重要因素。与其它名称空间(例如“/citibank/savings”)对比，内容对象签名会成功验证的可能性不如流视频那么重要。因此，对于名称空间“/netflix/video”，节点202可以增大延迟和带宽属性的权重值，降低签名验证属性的权重值。举另一示例，“/cnn/videos”名称前缀可以涉及与“/cnn/headlines”名称前缀不同的约束，并且节点202还可以调整权重值以强调“/cnn/videos”的低延迟和高带宽。
对于名称前缀“/citibank/savings”，节点202可以降低延迟和带宽属性的权重值，增大签名验证属性的权重值。这强调安全性，原因是所接收的内容对象可较高的可能性具有成功验证的数字签名。
节点可以本地确定并设置权重值。在一些实施例中，管理员可以创建权重的值。管理员可以一开始配置权重值，然后节点202可以动态地更新权重值，以确保本地资源不被过度使用或不被充分使用。管理员和/或节点202可以随着需要变化而改变权重值，某些属性变得不那么重要，而其它属性变得更加重要。在一些实施例中，机构可以管理节点的扇区，设置具有全局分配协议的节点的权重值。
节点202可以基于属性值和权重值计算名称前缀和/或接口的声誉值。在一些实施例中，节点202可以计算本地FIB中所有转发规则的声誉值。节点202可以计算并保存名称前缀(例如“每个名称前缀”)或具有特定名称前缀的接口(例如“每个名称前缀，每个接口”)的声誉值。在计算声誉值之后，节点202可以使用声誉值来进行转发决定。在一些实施例中，节点202可以计算当节点202接收兴趣时用于转发兴趣的候选节点的接口的声誉值。节点202可以在每次节点202接收兴趣或内容对象时更新计算值。节点202还可以在决定在其内容存储中缓存内容对象之前和/或确定来自其内容存储的哪个缓存的内容对象可以作为响应返回以满足兴趣之前，计算声誉值。
声誉值是动态的，可以随时间变化。例如，在12:00PM，接口214具有50％的声誉值，接口216可以具有60％的声誉值，接口218可以具有80％的声誉值。节点202可以通过接口218转发兴趣，因为接口218具有最高声誉值80％。然而，10分钟之后，网络负载分配可能变化，各个接口的网络延迟也会改变。接口上增加的负载还可能增加接口的延迟，因而降低其声誉值。接口214可以从之前的50％的声誉值变成80％的声誉值，接口218可以从之前80％的声誉值变成60％的声誉值。节点202可以响应于变化的声誉值和变化的网络条件将兴趣的转发从接口218转移到接口214。
节点202还可以非实时地计算声誉值。例如，节点202可以缓存一些或所有接收的内容对象，并且可以通过缓存中的元件运行程序以重新计算其声誉值。节点202可以基于其声誉得分确定哪些内容对象需要被驱逐。节点202则可以存储与内容对象关联的名称前缀的更新的声誉值或与内容对象关联的名称前缀接口组合(例如，声誉值对名称前缀和接收内容对象的接口是特定的)。
在一些实施例中，节点202还可以标准化声誉值。例如，标准化值可以在范围[0,1]内，或者在范围[0,100]内。声誉值随着声誉值的值的增加而增加，最高声誉值是最佳得分。
图3和下文相关的描述呈现介绍概述，每个CCN节点可以在执行图4-6的操作不同的时间执行图3的各个操作。
图3呈现根据本发明的实施例响应于接收兴趣返回内容对象的示例性过程的流程图。当CCN节点接收兴趣时，节点可以从其内容存储返回内容对象，或者可以将兴趣转发到一个或多个接口。如果节点转发兴趣，则节点可以从一个或多个接口接收一个或多个内容对象，并且通过节点接收兴趣所通过的接口返回内容对象。
节点可以一开始通过邻近的接口接收兴趣(操作302)。节点可以确定在内容存储中是否有存在的内容对象可以满足兴趣(例如具有匹配的名称前缀的内容对象)(操作304)。如果有这种缓存的内容对象，则节点可以确定内容对象的名称前缀的声誉值(操作306)。在一些实施例中，节点可以在内容存储中存储声誉信息连同该内容对象。此声誉信息可以包括声誉值，并且可以包括属性值和用来计算属性值的权重。因此，在确定属性值时，节点可以检索它存储的与内容对象关联的声誉值，或者节点可以使用声誉信息中存储的属性和/或权重计算新声誉值。例如，节点可以使用与给定目标(例如安全性)关联的权重和存储的属性值计算给定目标的声誉值。替代性地，节点可以使用来自内容对象的声誉信息的一些权重，使用为期望目标定制的其它权重计算声誉值。举另一示例，节点可以通过用与内容对象的名称或名称前缀关联的更近的属性值代替存储的一些属性值，计算内容对象的更新的属性值。
节点可以确定缓存的内容对象的名称前缀是否与超过预定阈值的声誉值关联(操作308)。如果缓存的内容对象的声誉值超过预定阈值，则节点可以将内容对象返回到请求节点(操作310)。在一些实施例中，如果来自内容存储的多个内容对象可以满足兴趣，则节点可以返回有最高声誉的内容对象。节点还可以更新此时的属性值、权重值和声誉值。
如果现有的内容对象的名称前缀与低于预定阈值的声誉关联(操作308)，或者如果节点没有缓存匹配的内容对象(操作304)，则节点可以确定节点可以用来转发兴趣的一个或多个接口(操作312)。由于内容存储并不缓存声誉值满足所需阈值的内容对象，节点可以将兴趣转发到其相邻节点之一以获得可以满足兴趣的另一内容对象。节点可以在FIB中查找表项，以寻找将兴趣的名称前缀映射到一个或多个候选接口的转发规则。
节点然后可以确定每个候选接口的兴趣名称空间的声誉值(操作314)。FIB中的每个表项还包括相应的声誉值。替代性地，节点可以更新与候选出接口和/或名称前缀关联的声誉信息。节点然后可以基于声誉值选择候选接口(操作316)。在一些实施例中，节点可以选择具有最高声誉值的接口，或者具有超过预定阈值的声誉值的多个接口。节点可以通过一个或多个选择接口转发兴趣(操作318)。
图4呈现一个流程图，该图图解说明根据本发明的实施例的计算声誉值的示例性过程的概述。
操作中，节点可以一开始给名称前缀或特定的名称前缀的接口分配一组属性(操作402)。节点然后可以确定分配给名称前缀或特定的名称前缀的接口的这组属性的属性值(操作404)。节点可以给每个属性分配权重值(操作406)，并基于属性值和权重值计算名称前缀和/或接口的声誉值(操作408)。
图5呈现根据本发明的实施例使用声誉值确定如何转发兴趣的示例性过程的流程图。当节点接收兴趣时，节点可以确定作为用于转发兴趣的候选的接口。在一些实施例中，节点可以通过执行最小前缀匹配查询(例如在FIB中)确定候选接口，以获得将兴趣的名称前缀映射到一个或多个候选接口的转发规则。
节点确定候选接口的声誉值，选择声誉值满足转发兴趣的预定阈值的一个或多个候选接口。节点然后将兴趣转发到一个或多个接口。
在一些实施例中，转发器和声誉计算模块可以执行FIB查询，确定候选接口，计算候选接口的声誉值，并选择用于转发兴趣的一个或多个接口。一些实施例可以包括执行用于转发兴趣的决策制定功能的附加转发决策制定模块。注意，在CCN的每个节点上有等同组件来执行这些功能。
如图5中描述的，节点可以一开始确定用于转发兴趣的候选接口(操作502)。节点可以在FIB中查询转发规则以确定可以将兴趣转发到哪个候选接口。例如，FIB可以是将“/bbc”映射到接口A、B和C的转发规则。基于转发规则，节点可以将具有前缀“/bbc”的兴趣转发到接口A、B和C中的任何一个或多个。
节点然后确定或更新候选接口的声誉值(操作504)。节点可以访问FIB以增加、查询或更新候选接口的声誉值。如果不存在声誉值，和/或在将转发规则添加到FIB的同时，节点可以添加声誉值。节点还可以基于名称前缀或接口的最近的属性值或权重值周期性地计算和存储更新的声誉值。例如，如果相应的属性值和权重值没有变化，则节点可以查询现有的声誉值，或者如果相应的属性值或权重值已经变化，则可以更新声誉值。
注意，节点通常按“每个名称前缀，每个接口”计算FIB中转发规则的声誉值，这意味着声誉值与特定的名称前缀和特定的接口关联。不过，节点可以按“每个名称前缀”计算一些声誉值，使得一个声誉值只与名称前缀关联，而与任何接口不关联。在一些实施例中，FIB可以通过在接口的列中输入零，将声誉值指定为“每个名称前缀”声誉值。
在一些实施例中，当处理兴趣时，节点需要只添加(例如计算和写)、更新或查询所列出的具有兴趣的名称前缀的接口的声誉值。例如，如果名称前缀是“/bbc”，并且在FIB中只有接口A、接口B和接口C的转发规则具有名称前缀“/bbc”，则节点只添加、更新或查询接口A、接口B和接口C的声誉值。示例性FIB可以包括接口C的65％的声誉值和接口B和接口A的60％的声誉值。注意，节点不需要计算或查询不是候选接口的接口的声誉值。如果接口D与名称前缀“/netflix”关联，则节点不需要计算或查询接口D的声誉值。
在一些实施例中，节点可以“瓦解”声誉值，使得节点根据每个接口计算声誉值。即，接口可以具有独立于名称前缀的声誉值(和/或一组权重值，可能还有一组属性和/或属性值)。替代性地，节点还可以将声誉值与具有细颗粒粒度或粗颗粒粒度的名称前缀关联。节点可以将声誉值(和/或权重值和/或属性和/或属性值)与名称空间层级的各个等级上的名称前缀关联。例如，节点可以将声誉值(和/或权重值和/或属性和/或属性值)与“/bbc”关联，将另一声誉值(和/或权重值和/或属性和/或属性值)与“/bbc/headlines”关联。
节点还可以将名称前缀分类，使得特定分类的名称前缀可以具有相同的声誉值(和/或权重值和/或属性和/或属性值)。例如，各个新闻网站的名称前缀(例如“/bbc/headlines”和“/cnn/headlines”)可以具有相同组的声誉值(和/或权重值和/或属性和/或属性值)。同样，与特定组织关联的包流量可以使用相同的声誉值、权重值、属性和/或属性值处理。提供具有对声誉值、权重值和属性有细粒度控制的节点会提高性能，并增加满足与名称前缀或内容分类关联的目标的可能性。
节点可以确定哪些候选接口具有满足预定阈值的声誉值(操作506)。节点可以选择不向不具有满足预定阈值的声誉值的候选接口转发兴趣。例如，如果预定阈值是60％，则节点可以选择不向与声誉值仅为40％关联的候选接口转发兴趣。
在一些实施例中，节点可以给入接口分配优先权。例如，节点可以给接口E分配比接口D更高的优先权。节点可以通过具有较高声誉值(例如，超过预定阈值)的接口转发通过较高优先权的接口接收的兴趣，并且，节点可以通过具有较低声誉值的接口转发通过较低优先权的接口接收的兴趣。节点可以通过对兴趣的名称前缀具有最高声誉值的接口转发通过接口E接收的兴趣。例如，如果节点通过接口E接收名称空间“/bbc/headlines”的兴趣，假设接口C具有名称空间“/bbc/headlines”的最高声誉值(例如65％)，则节点通过接口C转发兴趣。
节点然后可以向具有满足预定阈值的声誉值的一个或多个候选接口转发兴趣(操作508)。在一些实施例中，节点可以确定具有在预定范围内的声誉值的接口为用于转发兴趣的候选。例如，声誉值在65％和100％之间的接口可以是用于转发兴趣的候选。节点然后可以将兴趣转发到候选接口之一、候选接口中选择的接口或所有的候选接口。在一些实施例中，节点可以随机选择将兴趣转发到接口之一。
如果两个接口之间的声誉值的差在预定阈值内，则节点可以将兴趣转发到这两个接口。例如，如果接口A具有60％的声誉值，接口C具有65％的声誉值，最大允许差是6％，则节点可以将兴趣转发到这两个接口。
图6呈现一个流程图，该图图解说明根据本发明的实施例更新属性值、权重值和声誉值，并使用声誉值确定是否缓存内容对象的示例性过程的流程图。如图6中描绘的，当节点接收满足兴趣的内容对象时，节点可以更新本地存储的相应的属性值、权重值和声誉值。节点通过将声誉值与预定阈值比较判断是否缓存内容对象，如果声誉值超过(或低于)预定最小(或最大)阈值，则可以继续缓存内容对象。节点然后通过接收兴趣的接口返回内容对象。
操作中，节点可以接收满足PIT中的兴趣的内容对象(操作602)。例如，节点可能已经通过接口A发送具有名称前缀“/bbc/headlines”的兴趣。然后，当节点从接口A接收满足兴趣的内容对象时，节点可以使用此内容对象来满足兴趣。在一些实施例中，节点可以通过多个接口接收与共同的名称或名称前缀关联的多个内容对象。如果节点接收具有不同声誉值的多个内容对象，则节点可以存储具有相应的声誉信息(例如声誉值和/或属性和权重值)的这多个内容对象中的每一个。
节点可以更新一个或多个内容对象中每个的声誉信息，包括属性值、权重值和声誉值(操作604)。例如，节点可以更新存储历史性能数据的日志，以包括基于兴趣被传播和相应的内容对象被接收之间的往返行程延时的延迟。节点还可以基于历史性能数据计算新的平均延迟属性值(和其它属性值)。节点还可以调整权重值以反映新目标。在接收一个或多个内容对象并更新属性和/或权重值之后，节点可以使用更新的属性数据和/或权重值来更新接收一个或多个内容对象所通过的接口(或通过接口接收的内容对象的名称或名称前缀)的声誉信息。注意，节点可以使用属性的任何定制组合和属性值和权重值来计算声誉值。在一些实施例中，节点可以在任何时候(包括当节点接收兴趣，当节点接收或重新计算新的权重值或在计划的自动任务期间周期性地)更新属性值、权重值和声誉值。
在一些实施例中，节点可以周期性地从通过接口接收的或者特定的名称前缀的兴趣和/或内容对象的子集采样性能数据，以保持效率。节点可以采样并记录(例如存储)它接收的兴趣和内容对象的选择部分的响应时间，以缓解由于保存历史性能数据和计算最新的性能属性的超负荷造成的任何性能冲击。
节点可以基于相应的声誉信息判断是否缓存内容对象(操作606)。如果关联的声誉值超过(或低于)预定的最小(或最大)阈值，则节点可以缓存内容对象。节点可以基于节点接收内容对象所通过的接口(或通过接口接收的内容对象的名称或名称前缀)的声誉值确定是否缓存特定的内容对象。在一些实施例中，节点还可以独立于任何特定接口，基于与内容对象本身的名称前缀关联的声誉值确定是否缓存特定的内容对象。此声誉值例如可以是节点接收内容对象所通过的多个接口的声誉值的聚合。节点可以在内容存储中存储内容对象，并且还可以存储内容对象的声誉信息，包括声誉值和/或用来计算声誉值的属性和权重值(操作608)。
节点然后可以通过接收兴趣所通过的接口返回内容对象(操作610)。如果对内容对象的名称前缀存在多个PIT表项，则节点可以通过多个接口返回内容对象。
在一些实施例中，节点可以调整名称前缀的权重值，以动态地调整节点确定是否缓存此前缀的内容对象的方式。这些权重值可以与缓存-决策过程关联，不同于用来确定如何转发兴趣的权重值。注意，可以计算缓存相关的声誉值，使得名称前缀的较高(或较低)的声誉值引起节点缓存与名称前缀关联的内容对象。例如，如果延迟是缓存内容的决定因子，则节点可以给延迟属性分配较高(或较低)权重值。同样，由于延迟对于名称前缀增加，则节点可以标准化相应的延迟属性值以提高(或降低)属性值。节点然后可以缓存其名称前缀具有比预定最小(或最大)值更高(或更低)的属性得分的内容对象。
节点还可以使用接收的对内容对象的名称前缀进行请求的数目，确定是否缓存内容对象。例如，如果接收的“/bbc/headlines”的兴趣比“/cnn/headlines”的多，则节点可以给“兴趣-频率”或“兴趣-计数”属性(和/或对其它相关属性)分配更高的权重值以缓存经常和/或大量接收兴趣的名称前缀的内容对象。这使得节点缓存名称前缀“/bbc/headlines”的内容对象要多于兴趣不那么经常到达的其它名称前缀。这提高了当节点在未来接收“/bbc/headlines”的响应时间。
举另一示例，节点和/或管理员可以调整“验证-成功”属性(和/或其它相关属性)的权重值以强调在缓存内容对象时签名验证的重要性。如果节点从具有低签名验证成功率(例如只成功地验证20％的签名)的接口接收特定的内容对象，则在确定接口的声誉得分低于缓存内容对象所需的最小得分时，节点可以不缓存内容对象。不过，节点可以选择缓存从具有80％签名验证成功率的接口接收的内容对象。
节点还可以基于与每个内容对象关联的声誉值或关联的名称前缀从内容存储中驱逐内容对象。例如，节点可以基于接收内容对象所通过的接口的最近的属性值(例如使用缓存内容对象之后计算的属性值)重新计算缓存的内容对象的声誉值。然而，如果新的声誉值低于预定最小值(例如由于接口的降低的验证成功属性)，节点可以从内容存储中去掉内容对象。
举另一示例，节点可以首先通过声誉得分稍微高于最小阈值的接口缓存内容对象。然而，如果节点通过较高声誉值的接口接收具有相同名称的内容对象，则节点可以驱逐内容对象的缓存副本，并且可以存储通过较高声誉值的接口接收的最近的内容对象。注意，驱逐操作不干扰兴趣或内容对象的运行时间转发。
在一些实施例中，节点可能通过多个接口转发兴趣，以请求兴趣的多个候选内容对象。然后，在操作602中，节点可以通过多个接口接收多个内容对象，使得这些内容对象中的任何一个可以用来满足兴趣。节点可以等待预定的时间量(例如兴趣的超时周期)来接收并缓存多个内容对象。节点可以选择缓存和/或返回通过具有最高声誉值的接口接收的内容对象。例如，当接口B的声誉值是60％时，节点可以通过接口B转发兴趣，并且当接口C的声誉值是65％时，通过接口C转发相同的兴趣。当节点通过接口B接收内容对象时，接口B的声誉值可能已经降低到20％，但接口C的声誉值可能仍为65％。由于接口B的声誉值已经降低到20％，它现在低于50％声誉值的预定阈值。节点可以选择不返回通过接口B接收的内容对象，而是等待预定的时间量通过接口C接收内容对象。如果节点通过接口C接收内容对象，则节点可以返回此内容对象以满足兴趣。如果兴趣超时，则节点可以从接口B返回内容对象，以满足兴趣，因为这没有其它选择。
图7呈现根据实施例的具有声誉值的示例性FIB 700的框图。列702存储一个或多个名称前缀(例如内容名称和/或名称前缀或路径)的表项，列704存储给定的名称空间的关联声誉值。列706存储名称空间的关联接口。
如图7中描绘的，在FIB 700中有5个示例性转发规则表项。例如，名称空间“/bbc”映射到接口A、B和C。接口C上的名称前缀“/bbc”具有65％的声誉值，而接口A或接口B上的名称前缀“/bbc”具有60％的声誉值。名称空间“/cnn”不映射到任何接口。名称前缀“/cnn”的FIB表项在接口列706中具有数字零，以指示没有该名称空间的接口。然而，不考虑接口，节点可以计算名称前缀“/cnn”的声誉值。因此，“/cnn”表项的声誉值列704可以指定60％的声誉值。名称前缀“/netflix”的FIB表项指定名称前缀“/netflix”映射到接口D，接口D上的“/netflix”具有50％的声誉值。
图8呈现一个框图，该框图图解说明根据实施例的示例性内容存储800。列802存储内容对象的名称空间。列804存储内容对象的声誉值。一些实施例还可以包括列806，列806存储指示接收内容对象所通过的接口的标识符。
如图8中描绘的，内容存储800中有3个内容对象。节点可以计算并将声誉值与内容存储800中的每个对象关联。例如，内容存储800可以将内容对象的60％的声誉值与通过接口B接收的名称前缀“/bbc/headlines”关联，可以将内容对象的50％的声誉值与通过接口D接收的名称前缀“/Netflix/video”关联。
内容存储还可以包括“接口”列806中的数字零，以指示声誉值是聚合值。例如，内容存储可以将60％的声誉值与名称前缀“/cnn/headlines”的内容对象关联，名称前缀“/cnn/headlines”的声誉值是基于来自多个接口的历史数据计算的(如由接口标识符的数字零指示的)。
图9图解说明根据实施例促进使用声誉值的策略转发和缓存的示例性设备900。设备900可以包括可以通过有线或无线通信信道彼此通信的多个模块。设备900可以使用一个或多个集成电路实现，并且可以包括比图9中所示的那些模块更少或更多的模块。进一步地，设备900可以集成在计算机系统中，或者实现为能够与其它计算机系统和/或装置通信的单独的装置。具体地，设备900可以包括声誉计算模块902、PIT 904、FIB 906、转发器908、内容存储910、通信模块912和转发决策制定模块914。
声誉计算模块902可以周期性地或者按需(接近实时)计算并更新声誉值。节点可以保持PIT 904，以跟踪未决兴趣，并且可以在节点接收新兴趣或者当旧兴趣被满足或超时时，更新PIT 904。PIT 904存储待与输入内容对象匹配的兴趣的表项，并且在匹配成立时，或者当兴趣超时时，去掉每个表项。FIB 906是转发表，其包含节点确定兴趣需要发送到哪个邻近或哪些邻近节点的信息。
转发器908在网络上转发兴趣和/或包。转发器908执行一些功能，这些功能包括基于声誉值判断将兴趣转发到哪些接口，并且当节点接收兴趣或内容对象时更新声誉值和属性值。注意，在一些实施例中，设备900可以包括执行转发器908的各个功能中的一些的附加模块，本发明的实施例不局限于本文中描述的模块。
内容存储910可以存储设备900已经通过一个或多个接口接收的内容对象。在一些实施例中，通信模块912可以接收包。设备900可以包括转发决策制定模块914，其执行一些功能，这些功能包括基于声誉值判断设备900可以使用哪些接口来转发兴趣。转发决策制定模块914还可以基于关联的声誉值判断是否缓存内容对象。
图10呈现根据本发明的实施例使用声誉值来促进策略转发和缓存的示例性计算机系统。如参照图1描述的，CCN装置可以是任何类型的计算装置，包括移动计算装置，诸如膝上型计算机、平板电脑或平板触摸电脑、智能手机、或个人数字助理(PDA)或静止计算装置(诸如膝上型计算机、互联网服务器或家用媒体服务器)。图10图解说明这种计算装置的一个示例。
在图10中，计算机和通信系统1000包括处理器1002、存储器1004和存储装置1006。存储装置1006存储由处理器1002执行的程序。具体地，存储装置1006存储声誉计算模块1008、PIT 1010、FIB 1012、转发器1014、内容存储1016、通信模块1018、以及转发决策制定模块1020以及其它应用，诸如应用1022和1024。
操作中，声誉计算模块1008、PIT 1010、FIB 1012、转发器1014、促进在内容存储1016中缓存的模块和转发决策制定模块1020从存储装置1006加载到存储器1004中，然后由处理器1002执行。在执行程序时，处理器1002执行前述的功能。计算机和通信系统1000耦连到可选的显示器1026、键盘1028和定位装置1030。
在详细描述部分描述的方法和过程可以体现为代码和/或数据，这些代码和/或数据可以存储在如上文描述的计算机可读存储介质中。当计算机系统读、执行计算机可读存储介质上存储的代码和/或数据时，计算机系统执行体现为数据结构和代码并存储于计算机可读存储介质中的方法和过程。
而且，下面描述的方法和过程可以包括于硬件模块中。例如，硬件模块可以包括但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、和现在已知或以后开发的其它可编程逻辑器件。当硬件模块被激活时，硬件模块执行其中包括的方法和过程。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于选择出接口来转发兴趣的计算机可执行的方法，所述方法包括：
通过在转发信息库FIB中查询兴趣的名称或名称前缀，通过包括计算装置的内容中心网络(CCN)节点确定用于转发兴趣的一个或多个候选出接口；其中，相应的FIB表项将名称前缀映射到包括所述名称前缀的相应出接口的转发规则；
基于与兴趣的名称或名称前缀关联存储的声誉信息，确定每个候选出接口的声誉值，声誉信息包括各自被分配有权重值的一个或多个属性，每个属性是所述CCN节点可测量的可量化性质、策略或特征，权重值被分配给每个属性以使所述声誉值达到所述CCN节点的期望目标，并且其中，各个目标特定的属性用于计算专用于所述期望目标的声誉值；
选择声誉值超过第一预定阈值的候选出接口；以及
通过所选的出接口，转发所接收的兴趣。
2.一种存储指令的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述指令由包括计算机的内容中心网络(CCN)节点执行时引起所述计算机执行一种方法，所述方法包括：
通过在转发信息库FIB中查询兴趣的名称或名称前缀，确定用于转发兴趣的一个或多个候选出接口；其中，相应的FIB表项将名称前缀映射到包括所述名称前缀的相应出接口的转发规则；
基于与兴趣的名称或名称前缀关联存储的声誉信息，确定每个候选出接口的声誉值，声誉信息包括各自被分配有权重值的一个或多个属性，每个属性是所述CCN节点可测量的可量化性质、策略或特征，权重值被分配给每个属性以使所述声誉值达到所述CCN节点的期望目标，并且其中，各个目标特定的属性用于计算专用于所述期望目标的声誉值；
选择声誉值超过第一预定阈值的候选出接口；以及
通过所选的出接口，转发所接收的兴趣。
3.一种提供内容中心网络(CCN)节点的计算系统，所述计算系统包括：
一个或多个处理器；
存储器；以及
计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读介质耦连到存储指令的所述一个或多个处理器，所述指令在由所述一个或多个处理器执行时引起所述计算系统执行一种方法，所述方法包括：
通过在转发信息库FIB中查询兴趣的名称或名称前缀，确定用于转发兴趣的一个或多个候选出接口；其中，相应的FIB表项将名称前缀映射到包括所述名称前缀的相应出接口的转发规则；
基于与兴趣的名称或名称前缀关联存储的声誉信息，确定每个候选出接口的声誉值，声誉信息包括各自被分配有权重值的一个或多个属性，每个属性是所述CCN节点可测量的可量化性质、策略或特征，权重值被分配给每个属性以使所述声誉值达到所述CCN节点的期望目标，并且其中，各个目标特定的属性用于计算专用于所述期望目标的声誉值；
选择声誉值超过第一预定阈值的候选出接口；以及
通过所选的出接口，转发所接收的兴趣。
4.根据权利要求3所述的计算系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
通过一个或多个接口接收与共同的名称或名称前缀关联的一个或多个内容对象；
对于所述一个或多个内容对象中的每一个，确定相应接口或者对于通过所述相应接口接收的内容对象的名称或名称前缀的声誉信息，所述声誉信息包括与所述CCN节点通过其接收所述内容对象的接口、或所述内容对象的名称前缀相关联的属性值、权重值和信誉值；
基于相应的声誉信息，确定是否缓存相应的内容对象；以及
响应于确定缓存相应的内容对象，在内容存储中缓存具有相应的声誉信息的内容对象。
5.根据权利要求3所述的计算系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
通过多个出接口转发所接收的兴趣；
等待预定的时间周期，以通过所述多个出接口中的任何一个接收一个或多个内容对象，其中，所述一个或多个内容对象中的每一个与声誉信息关联，所述声誉信息包括与所述CCN节点通过其接收所述内容对象的接口、或所述内容对象的名称前缀相关联的属性值、权重值和信誉值；
从所述一个或多个内容对象中选择具有最高声誉值的第二内容对象；
响应于确定所述第二内容对象的声誉值高于缓存的内容对象的声誉值：
缓存所述第二内容对象；以及
通过接收所述兴趣所通过的接口返回所述第二内容对象。
6.根据权利要求3所述的计算系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
从第一入接口接收第二兴趣；
在内容存储中执行查询，以检索满足所述第二兴趣的缓存的内容对象，其中，所述内容存储存储所述内容对象连同相应的声誉信息，所述声誉信息包括与所述CCN节点通过其接收所述内容对象的接口、或所述内容对象的名称前缀相关联的属性值、权重值和信誉值；以及
响应于通过所述内容对象的声誉信息确定所述内容对象的声誉值超过预定阈值，将缓存的内容对象返回到请求节点。
7.根据权利要求3所述的计算系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
给第二候选出接口的一个或多个属性分配属性值；
给所述一个或多个属性中的每一个分配权重值；
基于分配的属性值和分配的权重值，计算第二候选出接口的名称前缀的声誉值；以及
存储声誉信息，所述声誉信息包括与所述候选出接口和/或名称前缀关联的声誉值、属性值和权重值。
8.根据权利要求3所述的计算系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
基于所述名称前缀，计算相应的候选出接口的一个或多个属性值；
基于属性的最高预期值，标准化相应的属性值；
确定所述相应的属性值的权重；以及
以所述一个或多个属性值的加权和，计算所述出接口和名称前缀的声誉值。
9.根据权利要求3所述的计算系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
从第一入接口接收第一兴趣，从第二入接口接收第二兴趣；
确定所述第二入接口与比所述第一入接口更高的优先权关联；
通过第一出接口转发所述第一兴趣；以及
通过声誉值高于所述第一出接口的声誉值的第二出接口转发所述第二兴趣。
10.根据权利要求3所述的计算系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
对于名称前缀分类，确定与所述名称前缀分类关联的一组名称前缀；
基于与所述一组名称前缀关联的剖析信息，生成所述名称前缀分类的声誉信息；以及
将所述声誉信息与所述名称前缀分类关联。
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