CN105265244B - A kind of method of maize planting propagation Protect natural enemies insect in greenhouse vegetable - Google Patents
A kind of method of maize planting propagation Protect natural enemies insect in greenhouse vegetable Download PDFInfo
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- CN105265244B CN105265244B CN201510476777.XA CN201510476777A CN105265244B CN 105265244 B CN105265244 B CN 105265244B CN 201510476777 A CN201510476777 A CN 201510476777A CN 105265244 B CN105265244 B CN 105265244B
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000125167 Rhopalosiphum padi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241001294750 Pediobius foveolatus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000167882 Rhopalosiphum maidis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000199695 Harmonia <beetle> Species 0.000 claims description 40
- 241000255749 Coccinellidae Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000131068 Coccinella septempunctata Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000042120 Propylea japonica Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000004160 Capsicum annuum Species 0.000 description 39
- 235000008534 Capsicum annuum var annuum Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 35
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 35
- 241000272639 Brachycaudus mimeuri Species 0.000 description 30
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 11
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000199694 Harmonia axyridis Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000062645 predators Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method of maize planting propagation Protect natural enemies insect in vegetable greenhouse, the implantation methods of current greenhouse vegetable are kept, vegetables spacing in the rows, line-spacing and density are identical with conventional cultivation method, in 500m2Greenhouse inlet at plant 2 row corns, accessed in corn plant height 30cm, on every plant of corn after rhopalosiphum padi or corn leaf aphids 50,5 days and access 23 age Pediobius foveolatus 10 on every plant of corn.The present invention for greenhouse vegetable production early stage and production later stage pest density it is relatively low when, provides food for natural enemy, make its in advance colonized in greenhouse or the later stage be advantageous to collection natural enemy, raising natural enemy colonize rate and utilization rate.The present invention has lasting propagation protective effect to natural enemy, and it is simple to operate, cost is cheap.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of maize planting propagation Protect natural enemies insect in greenhouse vegetable, belong to agricultural technology guarantor
Protector for collar domain.
Background technology
Greenhouse vegetable is one of production model of core the most in modern agricultural systemof production.Greenhouse vegetable production environment phase
To closing, phytophagous insect easily grows outburst, has had a strong impact on vegetables quality and safety.In recent years using natural enemy insect as core
Biological control comprehensive ecological ergasia, have become realize it is nuisanceless, green organic fruits and vegetables of greenhouse production must You Zhi roads.And
Natural enemy can be colonized in greenhouse be influence natural enemy insect pest controlling ability, especially persistently pest control effect an important factor for.
Aphid is one of most explosive insect in greenhouse vegetable production, at present means of prevention still based on chemical prevention,
But chemical agent largely frequently, is used, a series of problems, such as causing pest resistance to insecticide, pesticide residual contamination agricultural product and environment.
Up to the present, in vegetable production in green house in terms of application function plant breed Protect natural enemies research there has been no
Report.This does not have big mainly due to applying natural enemy progress pest control to remain in experimental stage in vegetable production in green house
Area is promoted.Wherein important restraining factors are that the lasting pest controlling ability of natural enemy has much room for improvement.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide maize planting in a kind of greenhouse vegetable and breed Protect natural enemies insect
Method, this method is in greenhouse vegetable production, by maize planting, forms corn belt, effectively improves natural enemy and colonize rate, and then
Natural enemy is promoted to continue the performance of pest controlling ability.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：Maize planting propagation protection day in a kind of vegetable greenhouse
The method for opposing insect, keep the implantation methods of current greenhouse vegetable, vegetables spacing in the rows, line-spacing and density and conventional cultivation method phase
Together, it is characterised in that in 500m2Greenhouse inlet at plant 2 row corns, formed 2 row corn belts, in corn plant height 30cm,
Accessed on every plant of corn after rhopalosiphum padi or corn leaf aphids 50,5 days and access 2-3 ages Pediobius foveolatus 10 on every plant of corn.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention can also do following improvement.
Further, the spacing in the rows of the corn is 50cm, and the line-spacing of corn is loose for the furrow of vegetables in greenhouse.
Further, the furrow of vegetables are wide in the greenhouse is not less than 60cm.
Further, the corn is sowed for 20 days before vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.
Further, the ladybug is the one or more in harmonia axyridia, coccinella septempunctata, Propylaea japonica.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The inventive method has effectively played the effect of predator ladybug in corn self-restraint and protection greenhouse, in greenhouse
" Eco-Island " is established, the ecological environment for being advantageous to ladybug propagation is created, promotes natural control of the ladybug to aphid in greenhouse
Make and use, and high-stem plant corn is planted at greenhouse inlet, can obstruct insect entrance in the greenhouse outside, the life stage of corn compared with
It is long, it is substantially consistent with solanaceous vegetables.
The corn belt that the present invention establishes is advantageous to that proreduplication and Protect natural enemies occurs in insect, before insect is largely broken out
Effectively suppress insect, compared with compareing field, natural enemy insect colonizes rate increase 18.5%-20%.Show that this method makes day in greenhouse
Enemy effectively colonizes, and reduces the possibility of insect great outburst, obtains significant ecological benefits.This method makes aphid on greenhouse vegetable
The worm outbreak period is delayed one week, and peak period Aphed population declines 10%-15%, and Aphed population reduces on average hundred plants of vegetables
14%；Compared with compareing field, it is effectively controlled insect and causes harm, and reduce natural enemy input, reaches good economic benefit.
The replacement food of ladybug provided by the invention is rhopalosiphum padi or corn leaf aphids on corn, they and greenhouse vegetable
Upper black peach aphid, cotten aphid etc. are equal, but they will not cause harm vegetables, only a few grass such as feeding corn, wheat.It can increase
Grow 3 kinds of Predaceous Coccinellids such as Protect natural enemies harmonia axyridia, coccinella septempunctata or Propylaea japonica.Because these three ladybugs are all euryphagy
, wheat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi can be both preyed on, can also prey on the vegetable-crop pest-insects such as black peach aphid, cotten aphid, the selection Preference to aphid does not have
The difference of conspicuousness.The corn and vegetable-crop pest-insect such as black peach aphid, cotten aphid can not also cause harm.In chamber planting corn, prevent for producing initial stage
Control vegetable aphid release natural enemy, which colonizes, provides place, and post-partum period recovery natural enemy of making a living provides approach.
The present invention can be to the preventative preventing and treating of greenhouse vegetable aphid.The natural enemy that corn belt has conserved can establish population in advance, have
The insects such as effect prevention black peach aphid, cotten aphid break out on a large scale, show and delay time to peak and reduction peak value.High-efficiency continuous control effect
Fruit.Rate and supplement release nature enemy in amount are colonized due to improving natural enemy, can reach control in a short time and pest control
Purpose.Corn is common gramineous crop, easily plants, needs labor management less, and the expense established and maintained is relatively low.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the population time-series dynamics figure of the pimento of the embodiment of the present invention 1 black peach aphid in different greenhouses；
Fig. 2 is the population time-series dynamics figure that the embodiment of the present invention 1 justifies eggplant black peach aphid in different greenhouses；
Fig. 3 is the pimento of the embodiment of the present invention 1 harmonia axyridia population time-series dynamics figure in different greenhouses；
Fig. 4 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 justifies eggplant harmonia axyridia population time-series dynamics figure in different greenhouses.
Embodiment
It is described below in conjunction with the principle to the present invention and feature, the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, not uses
In restriction the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 justifies the contrast test of maize planting propagation ladybug and pest controlling black peach aphid in eggplant and pimento greenhouse
Tested in the circle eggplant of Pinggu district Beijing Noah organic agriculture company and pimento planting greenhouse.Set
Circle eggplant control greenhouse and circle eggplant corn tape handling greenhouse, pimento control greenhouse and pimento corn tape handling greenhouse, each greenhouse are big
Small is 500m2, the plant of circle eggplant and pimento is identical with conventional cultivation method away from, line-spacing and density, justify the plant of eggplant away from
For 60cm, away from for 40cm, the planting density of circle eggplant and pimento is every row of furrow 2, greenhouse inner circle eggplant and pimento for the plant of pimento
Furrow it is wide be not less than 60cm, daily farming operations are carried out using organic vegetable administrative standard, bottoming leaf is once weekly.Using
The mode of harmonia axyridia prevention and control black peach aphid.
In circle eggplant corn tape handling greenhouse, 20 days before the plantation of greenhouse inner circle eggplant, it is beautiful to plant 2 rows for porch in greenhouse
Rice, the spacing in the rows of corn is 50cm, and the line-spacing of corn is loose for the furrow of greenhouse inner circle eggplant.In corn plant height 30cm, on every plant of corn
Access after rhopalosiphum padi 50,5 days and access 2-3 ages Larva Harmonia Axyridis 10 on every plant of corn.
In circle eggplant control greenhouse, circle eggplant is only planted, not maize planting, rhopalosiphum padi and different is also accessed not on corn
Color Pediobius foveolatus.
In circle eggplant control greenhouse and circle eggplant corn tape handling greenhouse, circle eggplant is made by oneself plant seedling 1 month after, by harmonia axyridia
Quantity with black peach aphid is than 1：10, a 2-3 age Larva Harmonia Axyridis is discharged weekly, it is continuous to discharge 6 times.
In pimento corn tape handling greenhouse, in greenhouse 20 days before pimento plantation, it is beautiful to plant 2 rows for porch in greenhouse
Rice, the spacing in the rows of corn is 50cm, and the line-spacing of corn is loose for the furrow of pimento in greenhouse.In corn plant height 30cm, on every plant of corn
Access after rhopalosiphum padi 50,5 days and access 2-3 ages Larva Harmonia Axyridis 10 on every plant of corn.
In pimento compares greenhouse, pimento is only planted, not maize planting, rhopalosiphum padi and different is also accessed not on corn
Color Pediobius foveolatus.
In pimento compares greenhouse and pimento corn tape handling greenhouse, pimento is made by oneself plant seedling 1 month after, by harmonia axyridia
Quantity with black peach aphid is than 1：20, a 2-3 age Larva Harmonia Axyridis is discharged weekly, it is continuous to discharge 6 times.
From after circle eggplant and the field planting of pimento seedling after 7 days, natural enemy harmonia axyridia in investigation control greenhouse and corn tape handling greenhouse
And black peach aphid population dynamic, using " " sampling method, 5 points are chosen in greenhouse, randomly select 5 plants of plants, at random at every at 5 points
3, top of plant blade is extracted, black peach aphid and harmonia axyridia population quantity thereon are recorded in observation respectively.Investigate 1 time weekly, data warp
After Excel2010 softwares arrange, draw population with SigmaPlot 12.0 and Dynamic Graph occurs.Other results are based on following equation
Calculate：Harmonia axyridia colonizes rate=when secondary investigation harmonia axyridia quantity/(when secondary burst size+last time investigation harmonia axyridia quantity)；
Population quantity rate of change=(the 2nd investigation investigation of quantity-the 1 time quantity)/the 1st investigation quantity * 100%, wherein on the occasion of for
Population growth rate, negative value are population depression rate.
Result of the test：
1st, in different disposal greenhouse black peach aphid population dynamic change
Harmonia axyridia can effectively reduce the population quantity of black peach aphid in different disposal greenhouse, control it to develop and endanger, tool
Body is presented below：
The black peach aphid peak period in pimento corn tape handling greenhouse is more late 1 week than pimento control greenhouse, and peakedness ratio pimento compares
Greenhouse low 10.41%.In pimento corn tape handling greenhouse, black peach aphid population density is low all the time (after June) after black peach aphid peak period
Greenhouse is compareed in pimento, keeps reduced levels.Pimento control greenhouse black peach aphid population quantity at the beginning of 7 months has risen, but pimento is beautiful
Peak value compares greenhouse 76.03% far below pimento in rice tape handling greenhouse, as shown in Figure 1.
Circle eggplant corn tape handling greenhouse peak value is late 2 weeks or so in circle eggplant control greenhouse, and peak value also reduces 15.39%；6
The middle ten days and the last ten days moon, circle eggplant compares the 2nd peak of greenhouse black peach aphid popution explosion, and justifies eggplant corn tape handling greenhouse and do not occur again 2 times
Break out peak.From by the end of June, black peach aphid density drops to reduced levels in different disposal greenhouse, as shown in Figure 2.
2nd, harmonia axyridia Dynamic state of population in different disposal greenhouse
In corn tape handling greenhouse, the harmonia axyridia due to corn initial inoculation, it is set to be colonized in advance early in greenhouse.
With the increase of black peach aphid density, harmonia axyridia quantity is introduced and constantly stable increase.It is heterochromatic as black peach aphid quantity reduces in later stage canopy
Ladybug quantity is decreased obviously, and can still possess certain amount harmonia axyridia in corn tape handling greenhouse.Later stage is in order to improve natural enemy
Utilization rate, divide harmonia axyridia to be reclaimed corn belt inside greenhouse, therefore data fluctuations occur in investigating.
In pimento corn tape handling greenhouse, harmonia axyridia quantity is consistently higher than in pimento control greenhouse, peakedness ratio pimento pair
It is high by 11.63% according to greenhouse.Black peach aphid quantity gradually decreases after mid-June, though harmonia axyridia in pimento corn tape handling greenhouse
It has been declined that, average out to 19, maintain the 26.56% of peak value.And harmonia axyridia quantity drastically declines in pimento control greenhouse,
Level off to zero, as shown in Figure 3.
In circle eggplant corn tape handling greenhouse, harmonia axyridia quantity is consistently higher than round eggplant control greenhouse, and peak value is higher than circle eggplant pair
According to greenhouse 7.08%.After early July, harmonia axyridia quantity slowly declines in circle eggplant corn tape handling greenhouse, is averaged to August part
Up to 22, the 11.83% of peak value is maintained.Harmonia axyridia quantity levels off to zero in circle eggplant control greenhouse, as shown in Figure 4.
3rd, the colonization dynamics of the pest control effect of black peach aphid and harmonia axyridia
The pimento greenhouse harmonia axyridia of table 1 colonizes rate, harmonia axyridia and black peach aphid population dynamic investigation result
Table 2 justifies eggplant greenhouse harmonia axyridia and colonizes rate, harmonia axyridia and black peach aphid population dynamic investigation result
Although harmonia axyridia colonizes rate, the amplitude of variation between month is larger, by table 1,2 it can be seen that corn tape handling temperature
Room ladybug colonizes rate and is above compareing greenhouse, and black peach aphid population rate of change is less than control greenhouse.
The rate that colonizes that is averaged in pimento corn tape handling greenhouse is higher by 21% than pimento control greenhouse；Because initial stage is used on corn
The excessive pipe aphid of cereal, be advantageous to release at initial stage harmonia axyridia, and suppress black peach aphid and break out early stage.Greenhouse, harmonia axyridia are compareed in pimento
Reduce with black peach aphid quantity and also gradually decrease, and in pimento corn tape handling greenhouse, harmonia axyridia can still keep 25%~30%
Colonize rate.Harmonia axyridia population rate of change is smaller than pimento control greenhouse fluctuation in pimento corn tape handling greenhouse, illustrates heterochromatic
Ladybug can preferably colonize.
The rate that colonizes that is averaged in circle eggplant corn tape handling greenhouse is higher than circle eggplant and compares greenhouse 18.5%.Circle eggplant corn tape handling temperature
Room harmonia axyridia Dynamic state of population rate is less than circle eggplant and compares greenhouse, it is seen then that maize planting is advantageous to harmonia axyridia and colonized.4-5
Month black peach aphid population rate of change rate of rise be less than circle eggplant compare greenhouse, it is seen that harmonia axyridia has effectively played Pest control efficacy.
And 7-9 month harmonia axyridias colonize rate and are significantly higher than round eggplant control greenhouse, illustrate effectively harmonia axyridia can be protected to colonize using corn.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method of maize planting propagation Protect natural enemies insect in vegetable greenhouse, keep the plantation side of current greenhouse vegetable
Method, vegetables spacing in the rows, line-spacing and density are identical with conventional cultivation method, it is characterised in that in 500m2Greenhouse inlet at plant 2
Row corn, accessed in corn plant height 30cm, on every plant of corn after rhopalosiphum padi or corn leaf aphids 50,5 days on every plant of corn
2-3 ages Pediobius foveolatus 10 is accessed, wherein, the ladybug is harmonia axyridia, coccinella septempunctata, one kind in Propylaea japonica or several
Kind.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the corn is sowed for 20 days before vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.
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| CN106962072A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-07-21 | 广州清涟农业发展有限公司 | A kind of anti-method eliminated aphis of utilization Menochilus sexmaculata |
| CN108812155B (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2021-08-03 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for controlling broccoli pests in to-be-controlled area by using coccinella septempunctata carrier plant system |
| CN110720340A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-24 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Greenhouse vegetable aphid prevention and control method |
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