A kind of method of preventing and treating sugar cane cottony aphid worm
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant protection technology field, be specially a kind of method of preventing and treating sugar cane cottony aphid worm.
Background technology
Sugar cane cottony aphid worm
ceratovacunalanigera (Zehntner)also known as cane powder angle aphid, white common house centipede, wax caterpillar, genus Homoptera (
homoptera)aphidiadae
(Aphididae), 18-20 generation can be there is every year, generation overlap in battalion's parthenogenesis.This sick feature is the long 1.9mm of aptery viviparous female body, oval, and yellowish-brown is to dirty-green or grey brown to orange-yellow, and greatly, head, chest, abdomen are close to together, front tool 2 little angle-like protrusions in body colour change, and the body back of the body is covered with the cotton-shaped wax of white cotton; Feeler 5 saves, short, light yellow.The long 2.5mm of winged viviparious female aphid body, oblong, head, chest pitchy; Belly, foot are that yellowish-brown is to dirty-green; Wing is transparent, tool 1 grey black pterostigma between protoloma arteries and veins and auxilairs; Feeler 5 saves, and is only that 1/4,1-2 joint of body length is short and smooth; The large chest knurl of pronotary central authorities tool quadrangle; Cornical annular, body surface is propolizing powder not.Have wing nymph chest exposed, middle flourishing, both sides dew has wing bud, and the abdomen back of the body has Chinese wax thing, and feeler 4-5 saves.If the aptery aphid thorax abdomen back side is all by adularescent wax thing, feeler 4 saves, totally 4 ages.The invention belongs to plant protection technology field, be specially a kind of method of preventing and treating sugar cane cottony aphid worm.Sugar cane cottony aphid belongs to Homoptera aphid section on entomological taxonomy, woolly aphid adult and nymph troop in sugarcane blade back Zhong Mai both sides and suck juice, insert in leaf with sucking mouth parts and suck juice, direct destruction leaf portion tissue, simultaneously because the honeydew of sugar cane cottony aphid excretion is distributed on blade, cause the generation of dark mildew when high temperature and humidity, affect photosynthesis.Killed serious sugarcane strain stunted growth, output reduces, and sugar reduces, and debase, even can not be cooked into piece candy.In general, woolly aphid worm is sugarcane important pests, once occur, is difficult to control, traditional prevention and controls have following some: 1, eliminate and to survive the winter worm source.Eliminate alatae (mid or late November starts to migrate in a large number) before dispersal flight.Overwintering host (S. spontaneum, reed, weeds etc.) is removed, spray medicine is carried out to fall planting sugarcane, to eliminate worm source of surviving the winter simultaneously.2, check early and eliminate the newborn little aphid group of sugarcane Tanaka, between the 6-7 month, woolly aphid is that point-like occurs in land for growing field crops, when spreading not yet in a large number, promptly eliminates.3, manually obliterate.Make besom with fabric, obliterate the woolly aphid on sugarcane leaf, as dipped in a little liquid when obliterating, effect is better.Preferably selection woolly aphid in the morning troops when not disperseing and carries out.4, the spring, autumn, winter plant sugarcane and stubble cane is avoided adjacent to each other, adjacent, to reduce propagation conditions.5, Protect natural enemies.Sugarcane Tanaka mainly contains ten Samsung ladybugs, double star ladybug, food aphid horsefly, Cao Qing ridge etc. can prey on aphid, be protected.6, chemical control: with the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 40% Rogor; Or spray with 40% Rogor and each 250g of the 80% dichlorvos 750L that adds water; Or spray with 1200 times of 50% Acephate (orthene).Also can be coated with sugarcane stem with 40% Rogor, 5 times of liquid or 50% phosphamidon, 10 times of liquid, will base portion second leafiness of worm strain be had to peel off, be then stained with medicament with writing brush or self-control cotton balls and be coated with a circle in leaf scar place ring, make its inner sucting killing insect.
Above method 1,2,3,4,5 can not tackle the problem at its root, and the conventional dose that method 6 uses is very poor to sugar cane cottony aphid worm preventive effect, and can not ensure that sugarcane is not by superinfection.Domestic at present also have a lot of scholar's research about the prevention and controls of sugar cane cottony aphid worm, if [autograph] several pesticides is to Toxicity Determination [author] Wang Weidong of sugar cane cottony aphid, Long Youhua [periodical name] Shandong agricultural science, 2014,46 (10): 107 ~ 109[summaries] indoor liquid infusion process carried out 96% chlopyrifos TC, 98% Imidacloprid TC, 98% Diacloden TC and chlopyrifos and other two kinds of medicaments mixture preparation (D+B, D+S) to the toxicity test of sugar cane cottony aphid.Result shows: selected medicament all has higher virulence to sugar cane cottony aphid, and its virulence is Diacloden > Imidacloprid >D+B> chlopyrifos >D+S by height sequence on earth.The agricultural chemicals that measurement result can be choose reasonable control sugar cane cottony aphid provides theoretical foundation.Control [author] Tang Jihe, Tan Siyan [periodical name] the Jilin agricultural of [autograph] sugar cane cottony aphid: the second half of the month; Chemical control measure: (1) sprays: can select 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 500-1000 doubly, 80% DDT EC 800-100 doubly or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate add DDT EC (1:1) 1500-2000 doubly.(2) stem brush: first peelled off by second leafiness having the sugarcane plant of woolly aphid minimum, with by the dense dilution of Rogor (40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate dilutes 10 times), ring is applied to the leaf sheath base leaf scar place after stripping leaf.Woolly aphid is poisoned in Uptake and translocation effect by Rogor with poison.(3) smog: when the large generation of woolly aphid, particularly when the sugarcane production middle and later periods, sugarcane plant height was dense greatly, uses soot foil technique woolly aphid, can receive saving of labor, economize the effect of medicine.Smoke Agent is as follows: 80% DDT EC 2 parts, 4 parts, sulphur, 4 parts, ammonium nitrate, wooden chaff 2.5 parts (weighing scale).Weigh up various raw material by formula, subsequently sulphur, wooden chaff, ammonium nitrate are sieved respectively.During mixture, first sulphur, ammonium nitrate, wooden chaff are fully mixed, then add dichlorvos, stir, be bundled into the tobacco bale of oval tubular with double-deck brown paper or old newspaper, eachly nearly weigh 500 grams, insert blasting fuse, deeply about 8 centimetres, slightly compress.Ignite after layouting and light.Fine day sooner or later or the cloudy day in the daytime, during less than 1.5 meters per second of wind speed, put cigarette better.Head of can being in the wind in the sugarcane field that physical features is smooth adopts fixed point to put cigarette method, also can take to flow with the method that combines of fixing a point, can the long period is by cigarette as well to greatest extent in control field of make suring.The control of smog method is used to must be noted that fire prevention.[autograph] the 15% chlorpyrifos smoking agent control sugar cane cottony aphid test of pesticide effectiveness [author] Huang Dongfa, Li Huanguang, Liang Tian [periodical name] Sugar Industry, 2004, (19), 19-20, [summary] result of the test shows, 15% chlorpyrifos smoking agent control sugar cane cottony aphid excellent effect, executes aerosol 2250g/hm
2left and right preventive effect reaches more than 99%, and contrasts the conventional spray-on process of medicine 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate and prevents and treats that to compare preventive effect similar, but prevent and treat that work efficiency is high, dispenser cost is low than spray-on process, saving of labor, laborsaving, personal security.Dispenser does not need to be watered, and is applicable to arid hillside field and uses.Above 3 parts of documents all adopt a large amount of agricultural chemicals for the control of sugar cane cottony aphid worm, the method also kills useful natural enemy while killing woolly aphid, destroys the stability of agricultural ecosystem, not only high the but also contaminated environment of cost, insect is developed immunity to drugs, causes the regeneration of pest rampant.
Along with the use for many years of above medicament, dosage is increasing year by year, and portioned product creates serious pesticide resistance on sugar cane cottony aphid worm, and how finding a kind of efficient, safe sugar cane cottony aphid worm controlling mode becomes new problem.
Summary of the invention
For above problem, the invention provides a kind of method for preventing and treating sugar cane cottony aphid worm, solving and preventing and treating in woolly aphid worm effort of taking a lot of work at present, and the problem of poor effect; Adopt the method for the invention, can effectively reduce the harm of woolly aphid worm in sugarcane production process, the lasting period reaches 6 months, and security risk is low simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
When the sugarcane production middle and later periods, blade was not tortured by woolly aphid worm, by 6.1% A Wei indoxacarb microemulsion 300-1000 times liquid, left-handed
α-terpineol, capsaicine liquid, Herba polygoni hydropiperis extract liquid are after 12-16:1-1.5:4-6:8-10 mixture, and coordinate organosilicon to prevent and treat by gross weight 6-8%, during use, dispenser temperature is 20-26 DEG C, and dispenser humidity is 30-60%; The concentration of above-mentioned levogyrate alpha-terpineol is 0.5g/L-1.0g/L, and the concentration of capsaicine liquid is 0.5g/L-1g/L, and in Herba polygoni hydropiperis extract liquid, the mass fraction of Herba polygoni hydropiperis extract is 50-60%, and organosilicon concentration is 3g/L-5g/L.
By 6.1% A Wei indoxacarb microemulsion 300-1000 times liquid, left-handed
α-terpineol, capsaicine liquid, Herba polygoni hydropiperis extract liquid and organosilicon even spraying are in the Sugarcane Leaves back side.
The described prevention and controls when the sugarcane production middle and later periods, blade was not tortured by woolly aphid worm is sprayed 1 liquid every 8-10 days in sugarcane production process.
In sugarcane production process, times for spraying is 2 times, and mid-term and later stage spray once respectively.
Inventor selects 6.1% A Wei indoxacarb, levogyrate alpha-terpineol, capsaicine liquid and Herba polygoni hydropiperis extract liquid to be the medicament preventing and treating sugar cane cottony aphid worm, is based on following reason:
6.1% A Wei indoxacarb microemulsion is low toxicity, nuisanceless, the mixed matching insecticide that Shanggezhilu Biosciences Co., Ltd., Shaanxi researches and develops recently, there is stomach toxicity and action of contace poison, include the Avermectin of 1.6% and the indoxacarb of 4.5%, have Avermectin and the dual insecticidal mechanism of indoxacarb concurrently, be beneficial to the generation slowing down pest resistance to insecticide.Avermectin is one of current domestic the most frequently used environmental-pollution insecticide, be widely used in the crops pest control evil mites such as vegetables, fruit tree, grain, cotton, sugarcane, tealeaves, tobacco, feature is that safety is good, and insecticidal spectrum is wide, all effective to advanced age, low instar, price material benefit; Indoxacarb is the low toxicity environmental-pollution insecticide of du pont company's development, and wide affect insect calcium channel different from health, and indoxacarb hinders insect sodium-ion channel and insect benumbed and extremely.Be mainly used in insect such as economic crops such as control vegetables, fruit tree etc. in the past, main feature is that the mechanism of action is unique, and other agricultural chemicals are without cross resistance, and toxicity is low, and effect is rapidly, also effective to insect at advanced age.Both mixtures, enhance killing ability, and delaying drug resistance produces.
Terpineol has
α, β, γ3 kinds of isomer, wherein
α-terpineol is the most common, left-handed in nature
α-terpineol (English common name α-(L)-Terpineol), be Chemical Industry Inst., Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region synthesis a compound, itself there is good bactericidal activity, also have simultaneously deodorize preferably, moistening and infiltration capacity.
Capsaicine is obvious to the action of contace poison of insect, namely shows the phenomenon of paralysis (inertia, do not take food), finally death of paralysing after insect contact with capsaicine; It also has stomach poison function to insect, after pests, then suppresses Chlorogenic Acid, and impact is digested and assimilated, disturbed respiratory metabolism, causes insect to cause physiology pathology because normal physiological activity is obstructed, and makes to grow to be suppressed and dead.
Herba polygoni hydropiperis extract, for from polygonaceae arsesmart water pepper
polygonumhydropiperL.herb extract the material obtained.Herba polygoni hydropiperis extract of the present invention is the Herba polygoni hydropiperis extract of Ming Yang bio tech ltd, Jining for processing, and Corporation web site is http://jnmyswkj.cn.makepolo.com/companyProduct.html.Arsesmart all has desinsection, food refusal, repellent activity mostly, and polygonum flaccidum is being used as insecticide by people very early.The principle active component of its desinsection is flavonoids and terpene substances, terpene substances is as a kind of left-handed sesquiterpene compounds polygodial extracted from polygonum flaccidum leaf, good antifeedant activity is had to insect, effective to aphid, mythimna separata, diamond-back moth, cabbage caterpillar and the various pests such as rice fulgorid and confused flour beetle.In addition, find in research, the another kind of dialdehyde sesquiterpenoids composition Wo Baige aldehyde that polygonum flaccidum contains also has obvious antifeedant activity.The people such as Yao Zufeng analyze western Hunan Herba polygoni hydropiperis extract by GC/MS method, result show wherein containing up to 52% terpenoid, be mainly 1-phellandren, zingiberene,
α-limonene,
β-caryophyllene,
α-firpene,
γ-terpinene, bergaptene, humulene, bisabolene.
Organosilicon is common agricultural chemicals mixture used additives, is mainly used in improving agricultural chemicals at the spreading wetting of crop leaf, increases operation rate.
Control sugar cane cottony aphid worm method of the present invention compared with prior art has following outstanding beneficial effect:
1, use this method control sugar cane cottony aphid worm, the lasting period reaches 6 months, and sugarcane production only needs medication twice season, reduces conventional smog cost accounting and cost of labor.
2, desinsection ovicidal, the lasting period is long.6.1% A Wei indoxacarb of the present invention's screening is a kind of low toxicity, nuisanceless, mixed matching insecticide, there is strong stomach toxicity and contact efficacy, include the Avermectin of 1.6% and the indoxacarb of 4.5%, had Avermectin and the dual insecticidal mechanism of indoxacarb concurrently, be beneficial to the generation slowing down pest resistance to insecticide.This technology is used only to need medication can complete whole prevention and control 2 times in the sugarcane whole season of growth.
3,6.1% A Wei indoxacarb microemulsion, left-handed
α-terpineol, capsaicine liquid and Herba polygoni hydropiperis extract liquid are used in combination, greatly can improve the result of use of indoxacarb single dose, use this combination to prevent and treat sugar cane cottony aphid worm and have good control efficiency, more thorough relative to systemic insecticide control.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
embodiment one
Implement place: Li Tang town, Binyang County, Guangxi
The enforcement time: on May 28th, 2013
Implement area: 5 mu
Embodiment:
When the sugarcane production middle and later periods, blade was not tortured by woolly aphid worm, carry out the control to sugar cane cottony aphid worm according to the scheme of table 1.
In the scheme of table 1, process 1 also needs the concentration adding gross weight 8% to be that 5g/L organosilicon coordinates control, process 2 also needs the concentration adding gross weight 6% to be that 3g/L organosilicon coordinates control, process 3 also needs the concentration adding gross weight 7% to be that 4g/L organosilicon coordinates control, and process 4 also needs the concentration adding gross weight 6.5% to be that 4g/L organosilicon coordinates control.
Within after medicine 60 days and 120 days, carry out sugar cane cottony aphid worm to cause harm investigation, carry out determination of yield during results, final statistics is as shown in the table:
Can find out, the method for the control sugar cane cottony aphid worm that the technology of the present invention provides comparatively conventional dose is significantly improved, simultaneously final survey and produce time also show particularly evident.Technology prevention sugar cane cottony aphid worm of the present invention is used to have good using value and promotional value.