CN105246643A - 近共晶组成镍基夹层钎焊箔 - Google Patents

近共晶组成镍基夹层钎焊箔 Download PDF

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CN105246643A
CN105246643A CN201480014399.7A CN201480014399A CN105246643A CN 105246643 A CN105246643 A CN 105246643A CN 201480014399 A CN201480014399 A CN 201480014399A CN 105246643 A CN105246643 A CN 105246643A
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nickel
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K·奥兹贝萨尔
A·卡梅尔
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Siemens Energy Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033Ni as the principal constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033Ni as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/304Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/32Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/32Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/325Ti as the principal constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/007Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/057Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being less 10%
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

由不同组成的多个层(12,14,16)形成的钎焊箔(10),其中所述箔的组合熔体具有所期望的钎焊组成,并且其中每一层具有足够的延展性以被轧制成箔形式,即使所期望的钎焊组成过强或脆而不能被制造成箔。层之间的每个界面(18,20)可形成近共晶组成以在共晶温度下引发熔化,所述层的厚度被选择为,当熔化远离界面进行时,该近共晶组成在熔池内被保持。对于某些镍基超合金钎焊应用,具有纯钛、铪或锆层的箔可以被夹设在相应的5-22%铬-余量镍的合金层之间。

Description

近共晶组成镍基夹层钎焊箔
本申请要求提交日为2013年3月14日的美国临时专利申请号81/782,922的权益。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及材料技术的申请,并且更具体地涉及对修复或接合镍基超合金部件有用的钎焊材料。
背景技术
人们认识到,超合金材料的修复变得困难,这是由于它们对焊接凝固裂纹和应变时效裂纹的敏感性。术语“超合金”在本文中被使用,因为它是本领域常用的;即,在高温下表现出优异的机械强度和耐蠕变性的高度耐腐蚀和耐氧化的合金。超合金通常包括高的镍或钴的含量。超合金的例子包括以商标和品牌名称哈氏合金,铬镍铁合金(例如IN738,IN792,IN939),雷内合金(例如ReneN5,Rene80,Rene142),海恩斯合金,MarM,CM247,CM247LC,C263,718,X-750,ECY768,282,X45,PWA1483和CMSX(例如CMSX-4)单晶合金在售的合金。
在一些应用中,钎焊工艺被用于修复或接合超合金材料。而钎焊接头通常被理解为机械上比焊接接头弱,并且由于钎焊材料的相对低的熔化温度,其具有较低的可接受的工作温度,钎焊修复在特定的较低应力和/或较低温度的应用中可能是可接受的。
使用硼或硅作为熔点抑制剂材料的典型钎焊材料对超合金基底材料具有有限的价值,因为它们产生有害相,从而降低了接头和修复区域的延展性。结合铪或锆的不含硼和硅的钎焊合金已经被开发,声称其机械性能高达基超合金性能的80%。与本申请共同转让的美国专利8,840,942,公开了具有钛基,无硼和硅的钎焊合金的超合金材料的修复。
附图说明
本发明在以下描述中鉴于附图进行说明,附图示出:
图1是按照本发明的一个实施例的钎焊箔的剖面图。
图2是按照本发明的一个实施例的由箔制成的钎焊接头的横截面的照片。
具体实施方式
本发明人已成功地使用粉末形式的高强度无硼和硅的钎焊合金用于超合金材料的修复。然而,发明人已经发现,这样的高强度钎焊合金因为其强度和脆性,可能难以制造为箔。
单独的附图示出了钎焊箔10,其在熔化时将具有所期望的高强度组成并适于与超合金材料一起使用,但它被形成为三层12,14,16的夹层,其中每一层均具有足够的延展性以有利于被制造成箔。例如,美国专利8,640,942描述了Ni-Ti-Cr的近共晶三元合金,其在固体形式是脆性的,例如具有20%Cr-20%Ti-60%Ni的重量百分比组成的合金。本文所引述的所有组成百分数都是重量百分数,根据本发明,这种组成可以由均比近共晶合金更易延展且更容易制造成箔的组成部分形成,诸如当层12和16由18-22%Cr-余量镍形成,并且层14由100%Ti形成时。在本实施例中,与三元组成相比,铬镍和钛层相对易延展,并且它们可以一起被轧制至所期望的厚度以形成在熔化时表现出所期望的组成的箔10。各个层的厚度可以被控制,以在熔融箔中实现所期望的组合的组成。在一个实施例中,每个层12,14,16均具有相等的厚度,并且箔10的总厚度可以小于75微米,虽然对于特定应用可以使用其他相对厚度和总厚度。
有利的是,每一层的材料被选择为使得在各自的层之间的界面18,20处,接触层12/14,14/16的材料扩散并协作以形成所期望的共晶或近共晶组成,使得在共晶温度或高于共晶温度,箔10将在层界面18,20中的每个处开始熔化。术语“近共晶”在本文中被使用,以包括具有小于25℃的熔化温度范围的任何合金。一旦熔化开始,接触熔融材料的熔池的来自于层12/14,14/16中的每一个的额外材料将添加到该熔体中,从而在熔池中保持相对稳定的配方(formulation),直到整个箔10被熔化。因此,层的组成组成和厚度可以如下方式被选择和制造,即在界面18,20处建立共晶或近共晶组成,然后在熔化进程中维持所期望的共晶或近共晶组成。
该图的示例包括三层,但本领域技术人员可以理解,在其他实施例中也可以使用其它数量的层,只要所期望的配方在每个界面被建立并在所述层熔化时被保持。例如,两层箔可以通过抵靠纯钛、铪或锆层接合铬-镍合金层来形成,诸如可以设想通过附图的单独层14和16形成。这样的箔可以通过在基底表面的顶部设置所述箔,合金侧朝下,然后加热所述组件以熔化箔,从而至少部分地填充裂纹并再造一个无裂纹表面,被用于填充超合金基底的较小表面裂纹。
通常,纯金属层倾向于比金属的合金更易延展,因此对于三元合金,提供中间层14作为纯金属,并有两个其它金属的合金作为顶部层12和底部层16可能是有用的。例如,无硼和硅的钎焊合金夹层箔可以由为Cr-Ni的层12,16和为钛或铪或锆的层14形成。当这样的箔被用来钎焊两邻接的镍基超合金基底时,当加热和熔化进行时该铬镍层与超合金基底接触。有利地,这避免了纯金属层和合金基底之间的接触,这种接触否则可能在加热和熔化过程期间形成不希望的金属间化合物。
在一个实施例中,如图2的照片所示,三层箔10已经被用于将两个合金247基底钎焊在一起,例如可形成燃气涡轮发动机组件的部分。已知合金247具有标称重量百分比组成:8.3Cr,10Co,0.7Mo,10W,5.5Al,1Ti,3Ta,0.14C,0.015B,0.05Zr和1.5Hf,余量Ni。在本实施例中,在熔化之前,层12和16中的每一个均为20%Cr–余量NL,层14为100%Ti,并且每一层均具有25微米的标称厚度。箔和基底然后被加热至1230℃,持续12小时,然后被冷却,以形成在图2中所示的接头。钎焊接头的厚度比未熔化的箔10的75微米厚度稍小。在其它实施例中,两个铬镍层12,16可以是在5-22%铬的范围内,并且中间层14可以是钛或另一种熔化温度抑制材料,诸如铪或锆。
尽管各种本发明的实施例已被示出和描述,但是很明显,这些实施例仅通过示例的方式被提供。许多变化、改变和替换可以被作出而不脱离本发明。尺寸和组成应被理解为允许通常的制造公差。例如,以百分比表示的组合物将通常被理解为在所述值的±0.5%内,而“纯”被理解为包括对功能性结果无关紧要的一些微量杂质。

Claims (15)

1.一种钎焊箔,其包括:
分别包括铬镍合金的顶层和底层;以及
设置在所述顶层和所述底层之间的纯金属的中间层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钎焊箔,其中所述中间层是钛。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钎焊箔,其中所述中间层是铪。
4.根据权利要求1所述的钎焊箔,其中所述中间层是锆。
5.根据权利要求1的钎焊箔,其中所述顶层和所述底层分别包括具有5-22%Cr–余量Ni的组成的合金。
6.根据权利要求1所述的钎焊箔,进一步包括:
所述顶层和所述底层中的每一个均是20%Cr–余量Ni;并且
所述中间层为100%Ti。
7.根据权利要求6所述的钎焊箔,其中所述顶层、所述中间层和所述底层中的每一个均具有25微米的标称厚度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的钎焊箔,进一步包括所述顶层和所述底层的组成,所述组成被选择为在与所述中间层的相应界面处形成近共晶合金。
9.一种钎焊箔,其包括:
铬镍合金层;和
设置成抵靠所述铬镍合金层的纯金属层,其中所述纯金属选自钛、铪和锆的组中。
10.根据权利要求9所述的钎焊箔,进一步包括铬镍合金,所述铬镍合金具有对在与所述纯金属层的界面处形成近共晶合金有效的组成。
11.根据权利要求9所述的钎焊箔,其中所述铬镍合金层是铬镍合金的第一层,并且进一步包括铬镍合金的第二层,所述铬镍合金的第二层被设置成抵靠所述纯金属层的与所述铬镍合金的第一层相对的一侧。
12.根据权利要求9所述钎焊箔,其中所述纯金属层是钛。
13.根据权利要求9所述的钎焊箔,其中所述纯金属层是铪。
14.根据权利要求9所述的钎焊箔,其中所述纯金属层是锆。
15.根据权利要求9所述的钎焊箔,其中所述铬镍合金层具有5-22%Cr-余量Ni的组成。
CN201480014399.7A 2013-03-14 2014-02-03 近共晶组成镍基夹层钎焊箔 Pending CN105246643A (zh)

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US14/167,159 US20140272450A1 (en) 2013-03-14 2014-01-29 Near eutectic composition nickel base sandwich braze foil
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CN113070604A (zh) * 2021-04-08 2021-07-06 上杭县紫金佳博电子新材料科技有限公司 一种双层焊料片及其制备工艺

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