CN105216021A - A kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools and preparation method thereof, this composite processing diamond-coated tools comprises matrix and adopts filament CVD or microwave plasma method to be deposited on the diamond coatings with high rigidity, low-friction coefficient and low wear characteristic on matrix; Described diamond coatings is the sandwich construction coating that sub-micro diamond coating and superfine nano diamond coating are composited, and the surface of diamond coatings is superfine nano diamond coating.Described matrix adopts Hardmetal materials, cermet material, ceramic material, is made based on the material of cubic boron nitride or high speed steel material.The present invention, by the improvement to diamond coatings structure, had both overcome a cutter difficult problem easy to wear for machining composite material, in turn ensure that the suface processing quality of composite.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to composite processing diamond-coated tools and coatings art thereof, particularly relate to a kind of diamond-coated tools and preparation method thereof being mainly used in carbon fibre composite processing.
Background technology
Carbon fibre composite has the characteristics such as specific strength is high, specific modulus is high, anti-fatigue performance is good, fine heat-resisting performance, light specific gravity, damping performance are good, be widely used in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, boats and ships, textile machine, petrochemical industry, building and sports equipments, as on civil aircraft B757, B767, B777, A300, A340, composite consumption has accounted for 11% ~ 20% of the whole materials of aircraft; Commercial aircraft B787 uses in a large number carbon fibre reinforced composite (CFRP), accounted for 11% of aircraft volume, account for 50% of structural member weight.The a large amount of composite manufacture of fuselage on Air Passenger A380, wing plate; Gunship AH-60, NH-90, V-22, use composite from radome fairing, floor, wallboard grade load-carrying construction to the main force support structures such as rotor framework, and up to 50% of aircraft weight.
Along with the development of advanced manufacturing technology, carbon fibre composite, as the irreplaceable functional material of one, will play more and more heavier effect.But because carbon fibre composite is that its mechanical property is anisotropy, and machine-sensible conditions is relatively more severe, is typical difficult-to-machine material by the two-phase of the soft and tough matrix of matter and intensity is high, hardness is large fibers mixture or heterogeneous structure.The main feature of this material machining: (1) material producing damage layer estranged; (2) tool wear is serious, and durability is low; (3) cutting temperature is high, reduces material property.Therefore, when this type of composite of machining, cutter life is shorter is still a difficult problem, limits the application of composite.
It is at the early-stage that China's composite manufactures cutter, and main research concentrates on PCD diamond cutter processing carbon fibre composite.Such as, China publication CN102172823A discloses a kind of multiple-cutting-edge PCD milling cutter for processing carbon fibre reinforced plastic and manufacture method thereof, and this PCD milling cutter is made up of carbide alloy or steel cutter hub (containing chip area and insert groove) and several PCD blades be welded on insert groove.This tool sharpening carbon fibre reinforced plastic composite can obtain than traditional cutting tool coated with hard alloy and the higher machining accuracy of Coated HSS Cutters, longer cutter life, lower surface roughness and burr, higher cutting speed and working (machining) efficiency.But its PCD diamond cutter, because the restriction in geometric shape processing, is difficult to make slightly complicated formation, and its higher production cost, limit its scope of application, the demand of composite processing can not be met completely.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency overcoming prior art, a kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools and preparation method thereof is provided, by the improvement to diamond coatings structure, both overcome a cutter difficult problem easy to wear for machining composite material, in turn ensure that the suface processing quality of composite.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical barrier takes: a kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools, comprises matrix and the diamond coatings with high rigidity, low-friction coefficient and low wear characteristic on matrix; Described diamond coatings is the sandwich construction coating that sub-micro diamond coating and superfine nano diamond coating are composited, and the surface of diamond coatings is superfine nano diamond coating.
Described matrix is by Hardmetal materials, cermet material, ceramic material, be made based on the material of cubic boron nitride or high speed steel material.
Described diamond coatings is by sub-micro diamond coating and the alternately laminated sandwich construction coating be composited of superfine nano diamond coating.
The gross thickness of described diamond coatings is 2 ~ 50um.
Described diamond coatings is at least 2 layers, comprises sub-micro diamond coating and superfine nano diamond coating.
The thickness of described sub-micro diamond coating is 0.1 ~ 50um.
The thickness of described superfine nano diamond coating is 0.01 ~ 50um.
Described sub-micro diamond coating the equal grain size of sub-micro Jinping be 0.5 ~ 10um.
The superfine nano-crystalline average crystal grain size of described superfine nano diamond coating is 0.01 ~ 0.5um.
A preparation method for composite processing diamond-coated tools is the diamond coatings adopting HF CVD method or microwave plasma method deposition high rigidity, low-friction coefficient and low wearing and tearing on pretreated matrix; Described diamond coatings is generated by the reaction of carbonaceous gas under the following conditions:
Reacting gas has hydrocarbon, hydrogen;
Carbon source concentration is 0.1% ~ 10%;
Gross pressure is 0.5mbar ~ 100mbar;
Substrate temperature is 700 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C.
Described reacting gas also comprises oxygen and argon gas.
Described substrate pretreated adopts acid solution etch, and pretreated matrix surface cobalt content is 3% and following.
Described substrate pretreated adopts transition zone method, and this transition zone can form the metal of carbide by W, Cr, Ti, Zr, Si or other or its mixture is formed.
A kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools of the present invention and preparation method thereof, by to the diamond coated coating of composite processing dedicated tool, diamond, because of the hardness of its superelevation and thermal conductivity, higher chemical stability and lower coefficient of friction, is especially suitable for use as the coating material of cutting tool.Along with the research of cvd diamond coating technology is goed deep into, diamond-coated tools machining composite material is adopted to have larger development potentiality.And only having thin film diamond coated cutting tool can apply various shape, CVD coating diamond is not containing other metal ingredients simultaneously, and its hardness and wearability are closest to natural diamond, and cost of manufacture is low, are best suited for industrial applications.
A kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools of the present invention and preparation method thereof, matrix adopts Hardmetal materials, cermet material, ceramic material, is made based on the material of cubic boron nitride or high speed steel material, carbide alloy is a kind of alloy material be made up by powder metallurgical technique of the hard compounds of refractory metal and binding metal, has that hardness is high, wear-resisting, intensity and an a series of premium properties such as toughness is better, heat-resisting, corrosion-resistant; The structural material that cermet is made up of ceramic hard phase and metal or alloy Binder Phase, cermet had both maintained the characteristic such as high strength, high rigidity, wear-resistant, high temperature resistant, anti-oxidant and chemical stability of pottery, had again good metal toughness and plasticity; Ceramic material is oxide, nitride, boride and carbide etc. mostly, and common ceramic material has clay, aluminium oxide, kaolin etc.; High-speed steel is a kind of tool steel with high rigidity, high-wearing feature and high-fire resistance.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The composite processing diamond-coated tools produced by the present invention, the diamond coatings of the advantages such as ultrahigh hardness, high heat conductance, low-friction coefficient and high chemical stability is coated with due to tool surface, thus in machining composite material process, cutting-tool's used life can be increased substantially, improve the crudy of composite, and then improve the cutter added value of cutter manufacturer and save the cost of charp tool that cutter uses business; The feature of composite processing cutter diamond coatings of the present invention is high rigidity, high heat conductance, low-friction coefficient and high chemical stability, and itself and matrix have good adhesion, preparation technology of coating is simple, cost is low, can be mass, be easy to realize industrialization, diamond-coated tools can DRY CUTTING thus reduce environmental pollution, the processing of composite can be widely used in, therefore have broad application prospects in machining field.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail; But a kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools of the present invention and preparation method thereof is not limited to embodiment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment one diamond-coated tools schematic cross-section of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is embodiment two diamond-coated tools schematic cross-section of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is embodiment three diamond-coated tools schematic cross-section of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is embodiment four diamond-coated tools schematic cross-section of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment one
Shown in Figure 1, a kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools of the present invention, what comprise matrix 10 and adopt CVD method to be deposited on matrix two-layer has the hard and diamond coatings of wear resistance characteristics; Wherein, diamond coatings 11 is sub-micro diamond coating, and diamond coatings 12 is superfine nano diamond coating, and the diamond coatings of surperficial one deck is superfine nano diamond coating 12.
The thickness of sub-micro diamond coating 11 is 4 ~ 5um, and the equal grain size of sub-micro Jinping of sub-micro diamond coating 11 is 2 ~ 3um;
The thickness of superfine nano diamond coating 12 is 5 ~ 6um, and the superfine nano-crystalline average crystal grain size of superfine nano diamond coating 12 is 0.4 ~ 0.5um.
The coating production of the present embodiment is as follows:
Choose the hard alloy cutter that composite processing is special, this hard alloy cutter has to pass through the cleaning such as oil removing cleaning, carry out acid solution etch chemistries preprocessing process again, treat that carbide tool surface cobalt content reaches 3%, finally carry out deposition of diamond coatings.One is install hard alloy cutter, hard alloy cutter is placed in CVD Diamond Films With hot Flame stove; Two is vacuumize, and it is 15mbar that unlatching mechanical pump is evacuated to vacuum; Three is heating, opens heating source, reaches 800 DEG C; Four is deposition of diamond coatings 11 i.e. sub-micro diamond coatings, regulates carbon source concentration to 1%, deposits 4 μm to 5 μm thickness; Five is deposition of diamond coatings 12 i.e. superfine nano diamond coatings, regulates carbon source concentration to 5%, deposits 5 μm to 6 μm thickness; Six is coolings, after 30min to be cooled, takes out diamond-coated tools.Non-cutting tool coated with hard alloy is compared, and processing carbon fibre composite, the diamond-coated tools cutting quality in the present embodiment increases substantially, and the working durability improves about 8 times.
Embodiment two
Shown in Figure 2, a kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools of the present invention, comprises matrix 10 and adopts CVD method to be deposited on the hard and diamond coatings of wear resistance characteristics of having of on matrix four layers; Wherein diamond coatings 21 is sub-micro diamond coating, diamond coatings 22 is superfine nano diamond coating, diamond coatings 23 is sub-micro diamond coating, diamond coatings 24 is superfine nano diamond coating, and the diamond coatings of surperficial one deck is superfine nano diamond coating 24.
The thickness of sub-micro diamond coating 21 is 1 ~ 2um, and the equal grain size of sub-micro Jinping of sub-micro diamond coating 21 is 1 ~ 2um;
The thickness of superfine nano diamond coating 22 is 1 ~ 2um, and the superfine nano-crystalline average crystal grain size of superfine nano diamond coating 22 is 0.4 ~ 0.5um;
The thickness of sub-micro diamond coating 23 is 9 ~ 10um, and the equal grain size of sub-micro Jinping of sub-micro diamond coating 23 is 2 ~ 3um;
The thickness of superfine nano diamond coating 24 is 2 ~ 3um, and the superfine nano-crystalline average crystal grain size of superfine nano diamond coating 24 is 0.1 ~ 0.3um.
The coating production of the present embodiment is as follows:
Choose the hard alloy cutter that composite processing is special, this hard alloy cutter has to pass through the cleaning such as oil removing cleaning, carry out acid solution etch chemistries preprocessing process again, treat that carbide tool surface cobalt content reaches 0.1%, finally carry out deposition of diamond coatings.One is install hard alloy cutter, hard alloy cutter is placed in CVD Diamond Films With hot Flame stove; Two is vacuumize, and it is 10mbar that unlatching mechanical pump is evacuated to vacuum; Three is heating, opens heating source, reaches 800 DEG C; Four is deposition of diamond coatings 21 i.e. sub-micro diamond coatings, regulates carbon source concentration to 0.8%, deposits 1 μm to 2 μm thickness; Five is deposition of diamond coatings 22 i.e. superfine nano diamond coatings, regulates carbon source concentration to 5%, deposits 1 μm to 2 μm thickness; Six is deposition of diamond coatings 23 i.e. sub-micro diamond coatings, regulates carbon source concentration to 1%, deposits 9 μm to 10 μm thickness; Seven is deposition of diamond coatings 24 i.e. superfine nano diamond coatings, regulates carbon source concentration to 10%, adjusts the temperature to 700 DEG C, deposit 2 μm to 3 μm thickness; Eight is coolings, after 30min to be cooled, takes out diamond-coated tools.Non-cutting tool coated with hard alloy is compared, and processing carbon fibre composite, the diamond-coated tools cutting quality in the present embodiment increases substantially, and the working durability improves about 10 times.
Embodiment three
Shown in Figure 3, a kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools of the present invention, what comprise matrix 10 and adopt CVD method to be deposited on matrix two-layer has the hard and diamond coatings of wear resistance characteristics; Wherein diamond coatings 31 is sub-micro diamond coating, and diamond coatings 32 is superfine nano diamond coating, and the diamond coatings of surperficial one deck is superfine nano diamond coating 32.
The thickness of sub-micro diamond coating 31 is 7 ~ 8um, and the equal grain size of sub-micro Jinping of sub-micro diamond coating 31 is 2 ~ 3um;
The thickness of superfine nano diamond coating 32 is 2 ~ 3um, and the superfine nano-crystalline average crystal grain size of superfine nano diamond coating 32 is 0.4 ~ 0.5um.
The coating production of the present embodiment is as follows:
Choose the hard alloy cutter that composite processing is special, this hard alloy cutter has to pass through the cleaning such as oil removing cleaning, then carries out the coating of PVD transition zone, and transition zone 30 is the Ti metal level of 1 ~ 3um thickness, finally carries out deposition of diamond coatings.One is install hard alloy cutter, hard alloy cutter is placed in CVD Diamond Films With hot Flame stove; Two is vacuumize, and it is 10mbar that unlatching mechanical pump is evacuated to vacuum; Three is heating, opens heating source, reaches 800 DEG C; Four is deposition of diamond coatings 31 i.e. sub-micro diamond coatings, regulates carbon source concentration to 1%, deposits 7 μm to 8 μm thickness; Five is deposition of diamond coatings 32 i.e. superfine nano diamond coatings, regulates carbon source concentration to 5%, deposits 2 μm to 3 μm thickness; Six is coolings, after 30min to be cooled, takes out diamond-coated tools.Non-cutting tool coated with hard alloy is compared, and processing carbon fibre composite, the diamond-coated tools cutting quality in the present embodiment increases substantially, and the working durability improves about 8 times.
Embodiment four
Shown in Figure 4, a kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools of the present invention, comprises matrix 10 and adopts CVD method to be deposited on the hard and diamond coatings of wear resistance characteristics of having of on matrix three layers; Wherein diamond coatings 41 is superfine nano diamond coating, and diamond coatings 42 is sub-micro diamond coating, and diamond coatings 43 is superfine nano diamond coating, and the diamond coatings of surperficial one deck is superfine nano diamond coating 43.
The thickness of superfine nano diamond coating 41 is 2 ~ 3um, and the superfine nano-crystalline average crystal grain size of superfine nano diamond coating 41 is 0.2 ~ 0.3um.
The thickness of sub-micro diamond coating coating 42 is 14 ~ 15um, and the equal grain size of sub-micro Jinping of sub-micro diamond coating 42 is 2 ~ 3um;
The thickness of superfine nano diamond coating coating 43 is 2 ~ 3um, and the superfine nano-crystalline average crystal grain size of superfine nano diamond coating 43 is 0.1 ~ 0.3um.
The coating production of the present embodiment is as follows:
Choose the hard alloy cutter that composite processing is special, this hard alloy cutter has to pass through the cleaning such as oil removing cleaning, carry out acid solution etch chemistries preprocessing process again, treat that carbide tool surface cobalt content reaches 0.1%, finally carry out deposition of diamond coatings.One is install hard alloy cutter, hard alloy cutter is placed in CVD Diamond Films With hot Flame stove; Two is vacuumize, and it is 15mbar that unlatching mechanical pump is evacuated to vacuum; Three is heating, opens heating source, reaches 700 DEG C; Four is deposition of diamond coatings 41 i.e. superfine nano diamond coatings, regulates carbon source concentration to 5%, deposits 2 μm to 3 μm thickness; Five is deposition of diamond coatings 42 i.e. sub-micro diamond coatings, regulates carbon source concentration to 1%, adjusts the temperature to 800 DEG C of depositions, 14 μm to 15 μm thickness; Six is deposition of diamond coatings 43 i.e. superfine nano diamond coatings, regulates carbon source concentration to 10%, adjusts the temperature to 700 DEG C, deposit 2 μm to 3 μm thickness; Six is coolings, after 30min to be cooled, takes out diamond-coated tools.Non-cutting tool coated with hard alloy is compared, and processing carbon fibre composite, the diamond-coated tools cutting quality in the present embodiment increases substantially, and the working durability improves about 13 times.
Above-described embodiment is only used for further illustrating a kind of composite processing diamond-coated tools of the present invention and preparation method thereof; but the present invention is not limited to embodiment; every above embodiment is done according to technical spirit of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification, all fall in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a composite processing diamond-coated tools, comprises matrix and the diamond coatings with high rigidity, low-friction coefficient and low wear characteristic on matrix; It is characterized in that: described diamond coatings is the sandwich construction coating that sub-micro diamond coating and superfine nano diamond coating are composited, and the surface of diamond coatings is superfine nano diamond coating.
2. composite processing diamond-coated tools according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described matrix is by Hardmetal materials, cermet material, ceramic material, be made based on the material of cubic boron nitride or high speed steel material.
3. composite processing diamond-coated tools according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described diamond coatings is by sub-micro diamond coating and the alternately laminated sandwich construction coating be composited of superfine nano diamond coating.
4. the composite processing diamond-coated tools according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that: the gross thickness of described diamond coatings is 2 ~ 50um.
5. the composite processing diamond-coated tools according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that: described diamond coatings is at least 2 layers, comprises sub-micro diamond coating and superfine nano diamond coating.
6. composite processing diamond-coated tools according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the thickness of described sub-micro diamond coating is 0.1 ~ 50um; The thickness of described superfine nano diamond coating is 0.01 ~ 50um.
7. composite processing diamond-coated tools according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described sub-micro diamond coating the equal grain size of sub-micro Jinping be 0.5 ~ 10um; The superfine nano-crystalline average crystal grain size of described superfine nano diamond coating is 0.01 ~ 0.5um.
8. a preparation method for composite processing diamond-coated tools, is characterized in that: be the diamond coatings adopting HF CVD method or microwave plasma method deposition high rigidity, low-friction coefficient and low wearing and tearing on pretreated matrix; Described diamond coatings is generated by the reaction of carbonaceous gas under the following conditions:
Reacting gas has hydrocarbon, hydrogen;
Carbon source concentration is 0.1% ~ 10%;
Gross pressure is 0.5mbar ~ 100mbar;
Substrate temperature is 700 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C.
9. the preparation method of composite processing diamond-coated tools according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described reacting gas also comprises oxygen and argon gas.
10. the preparation method of composite processing diamond-coated tools according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described substrate pretreated adopts acid solution etch, and pretreated matrix surface cobalt content is 3% and following.
The preparation method of 11. composite processing diamond-coated tools according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described substrate pretreated adopts transition zone method, this transition zone can form the metal of carbide by W, Cr, Ti, Zr, Si or other or its mixture is formed.
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| CN106319518A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-11 | 富耐克超硬材料股份有限公司 | Diamond/metal carbide composite coating layer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN109986647A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2019-07-09 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | The processing method and drilling tool of carbon fibre reinforced plastic |
| CN111050964A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2020-04-21 | 住友电工硬质合金株式会社 | Rotary cutting tool |
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