CN111235526A - Cutting tool comprising nano multilayer coating, manufacturing method and application thereof - Google Patents
Cutting tool comprising nano multilayer coating, manufacturing method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111235526A CN111235526A CN202010142873.1A CN202010142873A CN111235526A CN 111235526 A CN111235526 A CN 111235526A CN 202010142873 A CN202010142873 A CN 202010142873A CN 111235526 A CN111235526 A CN 111235526A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting tool containing a nano multilayer coating, a manufacturing method and application thereof1‑aAlaTi formed by N nano coating and NbN nano coating1‑aAlaThe N/NbN unit nano coating group has a is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.9. Compared with the prior art, the cutting tool has higher micro tipping resistance and longer service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material processing, and particularly relates to a cutting tool containing a nano multilayer coating, a manufacturing method and application thereof.
Background
The performance of materials is continuously improved along with the development of industrial technology, and the use ratio of high-performance and difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy, stainless steel and the like in the field of material application is increased year by year, so that the requirements of the manufacturing industry on material machining tools are also increased year by year. The processing of difficult-to-process materials has high requirements on the overall performance of the cutter, and the material and surface coating technology of the cutter are more challenging, in particular to the cutter coating technology. How to improve the processing efficiency and the service life of the cutter through the innovation of the cutter coating technology has become an important research hotspot.
The surface coating of the cutting tool can greatly improve the surface hardness, abrasion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like of the tool, and has obvious effects on prolonging the service life of the tool and improving the processing quality. It has been found that by modifying the thickness of the modulation period, the nanostructured tool coating can be obtained with optimal performance within a certain range.
The NbN coating has good thermal stability, higher hardness, excellent mechanical property, physical property and chemical stability, so the NbN coating has wide application prospect in various fields.
CN106573313B discloses a cutting tool comprising a substrate and a coating on the surface of the substrate, wherein the coating is a composite structure coating comprising an outer layer and an inner layer, wherein the outermost layer contains a mixed structure NbN of cubic NbN and hexagonal NbN, and the coating comprises 2 doping elements, and the inner layer coating compound does not contain Nb element.
CN104508185B discloses a cutting tool insert comprising a cemented carbide substrate and a two-layer structure coating, wherein one layer is a NbN coating with a thickness of 0.5-5 μm, and wherein the NbN coating comprises a Ti, Zr or Cr titanium aluminum nitride coating between the substrate and the NbN layer with a thickness of 0.5-5 μm.
CN109415799A discloses a cutting tool comprising a coating of NbN, the coating having a thickness of 0.2-15 μm, the NbN layer comprising a phase mixture of cubic c-NbN and hexagonal h-NbN, and the cubic NbN content being not less than 40%.
Although the cutting tool adopting the pure NbN coating and the multilayer multi-layer coating containing NbN in the prior art has better effect on the cutting performance, the phenomena of micro tipping and rapid oxidation still exist in the cutting process, so that the tipping resistance and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the coating can be improved by optimizing the coating structure, and the cutting performance of the coating tool is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cutting tool having improved resistance to microbending, high temperature oxidation and a longer service life.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cutting tool comprising a nano-multilayer coating, characterized in that: comprises a substrate and a coating layer coated on the substrate, wherein the coating layer comprises a second zone coating layer which comprises at least one group of Ti layers which are overlapped1-aAlaTi formed by N nano coating and NbN nano coating1-aAlaThe N/NbN unit nano coating group is provided, wherein a is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.9. The generation of accumulated bits and lumps can be reduced, the friction is reduced, and the micro-tipping resistance and the wear resistance are improved, so that the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
In one embodiment, the Ti1-aAlaIn the N/NbN unit nano-coating group, Ti1-aAlaThe thickness of the N nano coating is 0.1-100nm, and the thickness of the NbN nano coating is 0.1-100 nm.
In one embodiment, the Ti1-aAlaIn N/NbN unit nano coating group, single layer of Ti1-aAlaThe sum of the thickness of N and the single layer NbN (i.e., the modulation period of the coating) is 0.2-200 nm.
In one embodiment, the Ti1-aAlaThe number of groups of N/NbN unit nano coating groups is 1-100. By designing multiple groups of Ti1-aAlaN/NbN unit nano coatingModulating the periodic structure so that each layer of Ti1-aAlaThe N coating and the NbN coating are nano-scale coatings, and the thickness of the unit coating and the thickness of the modulation period are optimally designed to form Ti1-aAlaThe N/NbN unit nano-coating layer group obtains higher hardness due to the fine crystal strengthening effect.
In one embodiment, the Ti1-aAlaThe hardness of the N/NbN unit nano coating group is 25-45 GPa. The hardness is the hardness data of the coating obtained by the nano indentation method test, the indentation depth and the coating thickness or the total thickness should be reasonably matched during the test, if the coating structure which is the same as the invention is adopted, the indentation depth is greater than the upper Ti layer due to the improper matching of the selected indentation depth and the coating thickness or the total thickness1-aAlaThickness of N coating, or test indenter, through multiple layers of Ti1-aAlaIn the case of a nano-coating set of N/NbN units, resulting in measured hardness data outside the scope of the present invention, the coating should be considered as still falling within the present invention.
In one embodiment, the Ti1-aAlaThe N/NbN unit nano coating group contains cubic NbN and hexagonal NbN.
In one embodiment, the proportion of the cubic structure NbN is more than or equal to 40 percent.
The interface between the coating with the mixed crystal structure and the coating is obtained through process control, and the binding force and the toughness between the coatings are improved. Creatively applies a material mixed crystal strengthening mechanism to the interface microstructure design of the multilayer coating, and through designing multilayer Ti1-aAlaThe N/NbN unit nano coating group modulation periodic structure improves the contribution of the mixed crystal strengthening effect to the overall performance of the coating by improving the proportion of the total thickness of the unit nano coating group with the mixed crystal interface in the total coating thickness.
In addition, through process control, the mixed crystal of cubic phase NbN and hexagonal phase NbN in the NbN coating layer is realized, the intrinsic compressive stress of the coating is further improved through the mixed crystal strengthening effect, and the final aim of improving the strength and the wear resistance is fulfilled.
In one embodiment, the coating further comprises a first zone coating, and the first zone coating and the second zone coating are sequentially coated from the substrate to the outside; the first zone coating is provided with at least one layer, and the first zone coating contains the following elements: at least 1 of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al, Si, Sr, Y, and at least 1 of C, N, O, B.
In one embodiment, the first zone coating has a thickness of 0.1-6 μm.
In one embodiment, the coating further comprises a third area coating, and the second area coating and the third area coating are sequentially coated from the substrate to the outside; the third zone coating is provided with at least one layer, and the third zone coating contains the following elements: at least 1 of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al, Si, Sr, Y, and at least 1 of C, N, O, B.
In one embodiment, each of said third region coatings has a thickness of 0.1-6 μm.
In one embodiment, the substrate comprises or consists of: cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, cubic boron nitride sintered body, diamond sintered body, and high speed steel.
The manufacturing method of the cutting tool comprises the following steps: (1) depositing the first zone coating on the surface of the substrate by adopting a PVD method; (2) respectively depositing a layer of Ti on the first zone coating by adopting a PVD method1-aAlaA N nano-coating and a layer of said NbN nano-coating forming a set of Ti1-aAlaThe N/NbN unit nano coating group is provided, wherein a is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.9; (3) using PVD method, several groups of Ti are added1-aAlaThe N/NbN unit nano coating groups are alternately deposited to form the second zone coating; (4) depositing the third zone coating over the second zone coating using a PVD process.
In one embodiment, the single layer of Ti1-aAlaThe thickness of N is 0.1-100nm, and the thickness of the single-layer NbN is 0.1-100 nm; the Ti1-aAlaThe number of groups of N/NbN unit nano coating groups is1-100 groups.
The cutting tool is applied to cutting difficult-to-machine materials, wherein the difficult-to-machine materials comprise titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy and heat-resistant stainless steel.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. ti of the multilayer structure of the present invention1-aAlaThe N/NbN nanometer multilayer coating introduces Ti with good high-temperature oxidation resistance and toughness into the pure NbN coating in the prior art1-aAlaN, forming Ti1-aAlaThe N and NbN layers periodically replace the multilayer superstructure, and under the action of a fine-grain reinforced superstructure mechanism, the toughness of the coating is enhanced, the binding force is improved, the friction and wear resistance and the thermal stability of the coating are improved, and the cutting performance of the coating is improved;
2. the invention adjusts Ti1-aAlaThe single-layer thickness of the N/NbN layer and the modulation period of the coating superstructure improve the performances of hardness, wear resistance and the like at high temperature. The operation is convenient, the process is simple, the preparation period is short, the cost is low, and the method is suitable for large-scale production;
3. ti prepared by the invention1-aAlaThe N/NbN nano multilayer coating has high hardness, high wear resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, high coating binding force and high coating interface toughness, can effectively resist rapid crack propagation during cutting, and is beneficial to prolonging the service life of a cutter.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a cutting tool coating according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. first zone coating, 2, second zone coating, 2a, TiaAl1-aN nanometer coating, 2b, NbN nanometer coating, 3, third zone coating, 4, substrate.
Detailed Description
The above-mentioned aspects of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples. It should not be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations according to the general knowledge and conventional practice in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention as described above.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
In the description and claims of this patent, the terms "on.. such", "coated on.. such", "formed on.. such", "deposited on.. such", "overlying", and "provided on.. such" are used to mean formed, deposited, or provided on, but not necessarily in contact with, a surface and/or space. For example, coating a coating "on" a substrate does not preclude the presence of one or more other coatings of the same or different composition between the formed coating and the substrate. For example, the substrate itself may include a conventional coating, such as those known in the art as ceramic substrates that are themselves coated with a coating.
Example one
A cutting tool, in this example an indexable insert, was manufactured by the following steps:
a substrate 4 is provided in the reaction site, the substrate 4 being cemented carbide in this embodiment.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a coating of a cemented carbide indexable insert manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention.
(1) Depositing the first area coating 1 on the surface of the substrate 4 by adopting a PVD method; in this embodiment, the first zone coating 1 is Ti1-aAlaN coating, the deposition thickness is 3 μm;
(2) depositing a layer of Ti on the first zone coating 1 by PVD method with a suitable coating modulation period1-aAla A N nano coating 2a and a layer of the NbN nano coating 2b to form a group of Ti1-aAlaN/NbN unit nanometerCoating group 2, wherein a is 0.5; wherein, in this example, Ti1-aAlaThe N nano-coating 2a is under the NbN nano-coating 2b, but not limited to this embodiment, Ti1-aAlaThe N nanolayered coating 2a and the NbN nanolayered coating 2b may be indifferent, for example, the NbN nanolayered coating 2b may be on Ti1-aAlaUnder the N nanocoating 2 a. As shown in fig. 1, only 2 sets of unit nano-coating groups are shown, but not limited thereto, and 1 set of unit nano-coating groups, or 3 or more sets of unit nano-coating groups may be used.
In this embodiment, the modulation period of the coating is 0.1 μm;
(3) using PVD method, 2 groups of Ti1-aAlaThe N/NbN unit nano coating groups 2 are alternately deposited to form the second zone coating;
(4) the third zone coating 3 is deposited on top of the second zone coating by means of PVD, in this embodiment the third zone coating 3 is a TiN coloured coating.
The total thickness of the multilayer coating of the hard alloy indexable insert is measured to be 4 mu m, the hardness of the coating is 36GPa, and the content of cubic NbN is 61%.
In this embodiment, the coating is deposited by PVD, but is not limited to this embodiment, and other deposition methods in the prior art may be used to deposit the coating.
Comparative example A
The comparative example differs from the first example in that the coating is Ti deposited on the insert by PVD0.5Al0.5And (4) coating N.
In terms of coating properties, the inserts of the first control example and the PVD Ti related to this field of application were milled by heat resistant stainless steel 0Cr23Ni130.5Al0.5The N-coated inserts were subjected to a cutting test comparison, wherein Ti0.5Al0.5The N deposition thickness was 4 μm.
The operation is as follows: face milling
Workpiece: square piece
Materials: heat-resistant stainless steel 0Cr23Ni13
Blade type: RCMT 1606MOE-MR6
Cutting speed: 200m/min
Feeding each tooth: 0.2mm/z
Cutting depth: 1mm
Cutting width: 60mm
Wet cutting
The results of measurements of the wear VB (in mm) after 2.2 minutes, 8.8 minutes, 15.4 minutes and 25.2 minutes of cutting are given in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 abrasion loss after 2.2 min, 8.8 min, 15.4 min and 25.2 min of cutting
| 2.2min | 8.8min | 15.4min | 25.2min | |
| Example one | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.52 |
| Comparative example A | 0.16 | 0.41 | 0.82 | -- |
The results show that the wear amount of the insert prepared in example one was significantly lower than that of Ti as comparative example one under the same cutting conditions and cutting time0.5Al0.5N coating blade, show that compared with the prior art comparison example I, the invention greatly improves the service life of the blade coating.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the second comparative example and the first example is that the coating is a NbN coating deposited on the blade by PVD, wherein the NbN coating is deposited to a thickness of 4 μm.
Cutting conditions as in example one
TABLE 2 abrasion loss after 2.2 min, 8.8 min, 15.4 min and 25.2 min of cutting
| 2.2min | 8.8min | 15.4min | 25.2min | |
| Example one | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.52 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.13 | 0.35 | 0.68 | -- |
The results show that the wear of the inserts prepared in example one is significantly lower than the NbN coated inserts as the comparative examples under the same cutting conditions, indicating that the present invention greatly improves the service life of the insert coating compared to the comparative examples.
Comparative example C
The third comparative example differs from the first example in that the coating is Ti deposited on the insert by PVD0.5Al0.5N + NbN multilayer coating, Ti0.5Al0.5The N layers were deposited to a thickness of 3 μm and the NbN layers were deposited to a thickness of 1 μm.
Cutting conditions as in example one
TABLE 3 abrasion loss after 2.2 min, 8.8 min, 15.4 min and 25.2 min of cutting
| 2.2min | 8.8min | 15.4min | 25.2min | |
| Example one | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.52 |
| Comparative example C | 0.10 | 0.28 | 0.49 | 0.72 |
In the first embodiment, a layer of Ti is used1-aAlaN-nanocoating and a layer of said NbN-nanocoating, while in comparative example three, Ti0.5Al0.5The N + NbN multilayer coating does not reach the nanometer level of the first embodiment, and the result shows that the Ti prepared in the first embodiment has the same cutting condition and the same cutting time1-aAlaThe abrasion loss of the N + NbN nano-coating blade is obviously lower than that of Ti serving as a third comparative example1-aAlaCompared with the comparison example, the N + NbN multilayer coating blade greatly prolongs the service life of the blade coating.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only show some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A cutting tool comprising a nano-multilayer coating, characterized in that: comprises a substrate and a coating layer coated on the substrate, wherein the coating layer comprises a second zone coating layer which comprises at least one group of Ti layers which are overlapped1-aAlaN nano-coating and a layer of NbNNano coating formed Ti1-aAlaThe N/NbN unit nano coating group is provided, wherein a is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.9.
2. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein: the Ti1-aAlaIn the N/NbN unit nano-coating group, Ti1-aAlaThe thickness of the N nano coating is 0.1-100nm, and the thickness of the NbN nano coating is 0.1-100 nm.
3. The cutting tool of claim 2, wherein: the Ti1-aAlaIn N/NbN unit nano coating group, single layer of Ti1-aAlaThe sum of the thicknesses of N and the single layer NbN is 0.2-200 nm.
4. The cutting tool of claim 3, wherein: the Ti1-aAlaThe number of groups of N/NbN unit nano coating groups is 1-100.
5. The cutting tool of claim 4, wherein: the Ti1-aAlaThe hardness of the N/NbN unit nano coating group is 25-45 GPa.
6. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein: the Ti1-aAlaThe N/NbN unit nano coating group contains cubic NbN and hexagonal NbN.
7. The cutting tool of claim 6, wherein: the proportion of the cubic structure NbN is more than or equal to 40 percent.
8. The cutting tool of any of claims 1-7, wherein the coating further comprises a first zone coating, the second zone coating being applied sequentially outward from the substrate; the first zone coating is provided with at least one layer, and the first zone coating contains the following elements: at least 1 of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al, Si, Sr, Y, and at least 1 of C, N, O, B.
9. The cutting tool of claim 8, wherein the first zone coating has a thickness of 0.1-6 μ ι η.
10. The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the coating further comprises a third zone coating, the second zone coating, the third zone coating being applied sequentially outward from the substrate; the third zone coating is provided with at least one layer, and the third zone coating contains the following elements: at least 1 of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al, Si, Sr, Y, and at least 1 of C, N, O, B.
11. The cutting tool of claim 10, wherein: the thickness of each layer of the third region coating is 0.1-6 μm.
12. Cutting tool according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the substrate contains or consists of: cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, cubic boron nitride sintered body, diamond sintered body, and high speed steel.
13. A method of manufacturing a cutting tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by the steps of:
(1) depositing the first zone coating on the surface of the substrate by adopting a PVD method;
(2) depositing a layer of Ti on the first zone coating by PVD1-aAlaA N nano-coating and a layer of said NbN nano-coating forming a set of Ti1-aAlaThe N/NbN unit nano coating group is provided, wherein a is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.9;
(3) using PVD method, several groups of Ti are added1-aAlaThe N/NbN unit nano coating groups are alternately deposited to form the second zone coating;
(4) depositing the third zone coating over the second zone coating using a PVD process.
14. The manufacturing method according to claim 13, characterized in that: the single layer of Ti1-aAlaThe thickness of N is 0.1-100nm, and the thickness of the single-layer NbN is 0.1-100 nm; the Ti1-aAlaThe number of groups of N/NbN unit nano coating groups is 1-100.
15. Use of the cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 12 for cutting difficult-to-machine materials, wherein the difficult-to-machine materials include titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, and heat-resistant stainless steels.
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| CN112676372A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-20 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Clad steel plate for multilayer cutter and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200605 |