CN105208991B - 水刺法纤维结构 - Google Patents

水刺法纤维结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105208991B
CN105208991B CN201480028660.9A CN201480028660A CN105208991B CN 105208991 B CN105208991 B CN 105208991B CN 201480028660 A CN201480028660 A CN 201480028660A CN 105208991 B CN105208991 B CN 105208991B
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spun lacing
fibre structure
lacing method
top flat
weight
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CN105208991A (zh
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G·韦恩斯
C·R·道奇
M·亨尼厄斯
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/225Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
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    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
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    • A61F13/53708Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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    • A61F13/53747Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the position of the layer relative to the other layers the layer is facing the topsheet
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种水刺法纤维结构。该水刺法纤维结构可被结合到吸收制品中。本发明还提供了用于形成水刺法纤维结构的方法。

Description

水刺法纤维结构
技术领域
本公开一般涉及水刺法纤维结构,该水刺法纤维结构具有改善的性能特征,包括挠性刚度和流体处理特性。
背景技术
一次性吸收制品诸如女性卫生产品被设计成从穿着者的身体吸收流体。女性卫生产品的使用者具有多个关注方面。从产品如月经垫,并且具体地讲卫生巾的渗漏是重要关注方面。穿着者的身体对产品的感觉也是关注方面。为了提供更佳的舒适度,当前的卫生巾产品通常具有顶片,该顶片是柔性的、感觉柔软的、并且对穿着者的皮肤非刺激性的。顶片本身不容纳排出的流体。相反,顶片是流体可透过的以允许流体流入吸收芯。
多年以来,顶片已经得到改善以提供较清洁、较干燥、并且较舒适的应用体验。在一些女性卫生产品中,顶片由疏水性材料制成。这些材料可包括疏水性非织造织物、高蓬松非织造织物、和具有显著纹理的较柔软的膜(能够将流体保留在膜结构内的微孔、粗结等),并且可由范围广泛的材料诸如开孔塑料膜、天然纤维(例如木或棉纤维)、合成纤维(例如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维)制成,或者由天然纤维和合成纤维的组合制成。这些材料的疏水性有助于将穿着者的皮肤与由产品所吸收的液体隔离,并且因此通过减少已知的“回渗”现象来改善舒适度。
吸收芯是本领域中已知的,并且常规上已经包括纤维缠结团,即,可通过吸收机制(其中流体由纤维材料本身吸收)和芯吸机制(其中流体被截取、分配到、并存储在纤维间的毛细空隙中)两者来吸收流体的纤维网。
虽然疏水性非织造顶片的特性有助于将流体保持在芯中,但是此类顶片排斥流体的趋势导致流体将流出顶片,而非流过顶片并流入吸收芯的风险。在与女性卫生产品相关时,该挑战尤其明显,女性卫生产品通常遇到的流体流速小于1-3克/小时,而非失禁产品通常遇到的涌出流速。对于流入女性卫生产品的流体,它必须不仅要克服顶片的疏水特性,而且还要克服流体对身体表面的天然粘附性。
为了有助于确保流体流入吸收芯,具有疏水性顶片的一些女性卫生产品利用位于顶片正下方的有时称作第二顶片(STS)的结构来构造。该第二顶片被设计成采集液体可透过的顶片上的流体,并将其分配至下面的吸收芯。为了有助于确保第二顶片将流体转移至吸收芯,第二顶片通常具有足够的毛细作用以透过顶片抽吸流体。为了确保流体继续流动到吸收芯上,第二顶片通常被设计成比吸收芯具有更高的透过性,并且比吸收芯具有更低的毛细作用。
有时被称作气流成网STS的第二顶片通常由气流成网薄页纸幅制成,该气流成网薄页纸幅由亲水性纤维素纤维制成。然而,由于在纤维网中使用普通纤维素纤维,因此此类第二顶片不能够融合粘结到顶片。因此,在制造过程中使用胶作为气流成网STS和顶片之间的粘结剂。如果期望进行融合粘结,则可将聚乙烯(PE)粉末结合到气流成网STS,但需要足够高的基重,而这可能是不期望的。
因此,期望提供用作第二顶片的纤维网,其中纤维网具有相对较低的基重,同时还具有足够的挠性刚度和期望的流体处理特征和性能特征。
发明内容
根据一个实施例,水刺法纤维结构具有介于约35克/平方米(gsm)和约65gsm之间的基重、约0.2mN·cm至约7mN·cm的纵向(MD)抗弯刚度、和约0.2g至约7.0g的回渗值。
根据另一个实施例,水刺法纤维结构包括约30重量%至约60重量%的纤维素纤维、约5重量%至约30重量%的非纤维素纤维、和约30重量%至约55重量%的基于聚烯烃的粘结剂纤维。
根据另一个实施例,吸收制品包括顶片、吸收芯、和被定位在顶片和吸收芯之间的第二顶片,其中第二顶片包括水刺法纤维结构,该水刺法纤维结构具有约35克/平方米(gsm)至约65gsm的基重、约0.2mN·cm至约7mN·cm的纵向(MD)抗弯刚度、和约0.2g至约7.0g的回渗值。
根据另一个实施例,一次性吸收制品包括顶片、吸收芯、以及被定位在顶片和吸收芯之间的水刺法第二顶片。顶片、吸收芯、和水刺法第二顶片配合以提供优异的采集速率和回渗特性。
根据另一个实施例,通过一种方法来制备非织造纤维网。该方法包括对纤维结构进行水刺,该纤维结构包括第一纤维组分、第二纤维组分、和第三纤维组分,其中第三纤维组分由包括第一材料和第二材料的双组分纤维形成,其中双组分纤维的第一材料具有比第二材料的软化温度低的软化温度。该方法也包括使水刺法纤维结构基本上干燥以去除水分,以及将基本上干燥的水刺法纤维结构加热至某一温度以硬化纤维结构,其中温度高于第一材料的软化温度并且低于第二材料的软化温度。
附图说明
图1为包含水刺法第二顶片的卫生巾的一个实例的透视图。
图2为沿线2—2截取的图1的卫生巾的剖视图。
图3示出了一个示例性连续水刺法纤维结构制造过程的简化示意图。
图4示出了另一个示例性连续水刺法纤维结构制造过程的简化示意图。
虽然在说明书之后提供了特别指出并清楚地要求保护被视为本发明的主题的权利要求书,但是据信,通过结合附图的以下描述将更充分地理解本发明。为了更清晰地示出其它元件,可能已通过省略所选择的元件来简化这些附图中的一些附图。在一些附图中,对元件的此类省略未必指示在示例性实施例中的任一个示例性实施例中存在或不存在特定元件,除非在对应的书面说明中可明确地描述确实如此。附图均未按比例绘制。
具体实施方式
如本文所用,以下术语将具有下文指定的含义:
“吸收制品”是指吸收和/或容纳液体的可穿戴装置,并且更具体地是指与穿着者的身体紧贴或邻近放置的,以吸收和容纳从身体排出的各种流出物的装置。吸收制品可包括尿布、训练裤、成人失禁内衣、女性卫生产品。
“纵”向为平行于制品的最大线性尺寸(通常为纵向轴线)延伸的方向,并且包括纵向的45°以内的方向。当用于本文时,制品或其部件的“长度”一般是指最大线性尺寸的大小/距离,或者通常是指制品或其部件的纵向轴线的大小/距离。
“横向”(“lateral”或“transverse”)与纵向正交,即处在制品和纵向轴线的同一主平面中,并且横向平行于横向轴线。当用于本文时,制品或其部件的“宽度”是指与制品或其部件的纵向正交(即与制品或其部件的长度正交)的尺寸的大小/距离,并且通常是指平行于制品或部件的横向轴线的尺寸的距离/大小。
“Z方向”与纵向和横向两者正交。
如本文所用,“纵向”或“MD”是指平行于穿过水刺法纤维结构制备机器和/或吸收制品产品制造设备的水刺法纤维结构流的方向。
如本文所用,“横向”或“CD”是指平行于水刺法纤维结构制备机器和/或吸收制品产品制造设备的宽度且垂直于纵向的方向。
本文使用“一次性的”来描述一般并非旨在被洗涤或以其它方式被恢复或被重新使用的制品(即,它们在单次使用后即被丢弃,并且可被再循环、堆肥处理或以环境相容的其它方式进行处理)。
“吸收芯”是指通常设置在吸收制品的顶片和底片之间以用于吸收和容纳由吸收制品所接收的液体的结构。吸收芯可包括一个或多个基底层、设置在一个或多个基底层上的吸收材料、以及吸收材料上的热塑性粘合剂组合物。热塑性粘合剂组合物可位于吸收材料和一个或多个基底层的至少一部分上。吸收芯不包括吸收制品的采集系统、顶片或底片。在某个实施例中,吸收芯将基本上由一个或多个基底层、吸收材料、热塑性粘合剂组合物、和任选的覆盖件层组成。
“非织造材料”是指由定向或任意取向的纤维制造的纤维网,不包括纸材和掺入接结纱或长丝的织造产品、针织产品、簇成产品、缝编产品、或湿磨法毡化的产品,无论是否另外针刺。非织造材料以及用于制备它们的方法在本领域中是已知的。一般来讲,用于制备非织造材料的方法包括将纤维铺设到成形表面上,该方法可包括纺丝法、熔喷法、梳理成网法、气流成网法、湿法成网法、共成形法以及它们的组合。这些纤维可源于天然纤维或人造纤维,并且可为短纤维或连续长丝或者可原位形成。
术语“亲水的”描述可被沉积在这些纤维上的含水流体(例如含水体液)润湿的纤维或纤维表面。亲水性和可润湿性通常根据流体例如穿过非织造织物的接触角和透湿时间来定义。在由Robert F.Gould编辑的题为“Contact angle,wettability and Adhesion”(版权1964)的美国化学学会出版物中对此进行了详细讨论。当流体和纤维或其表面之间的任一接触角小于90°时,或者当流体趋于在纤维表面上自发铺开时(两种情况通常共存),据说纤维或纤维表面被流体(即亲水的)润湿。相反,如果接触角大于90°并且流体不能在纤维表面上自发铺开,则纤维或纤维表面被认为是疏水的。
如本文所用,术语“包括”是指在实施本发明的过程中可结合采用的各种组分、成分、或步骤。因此,术语“包括”为开放式用语,并且涵盖限制性更强的术语“基本上由…组成”和“由…组成”。
如本文所公开的水刺法纤维结构可用于多种一次性吸收制品,但尤其可用于女性卫生产品诸如卫生巾、卫生护垫、和失禁衬垫。包含水刺法纤维结构的一次性吸收制品的一个实施例作为卫生巾示出于图1和图2中。
卫生巾10可具有在本领域中已知的用于女性卫生制品的任何形状,包括如图1所示的大致对称的“沙漏形”形状,以及梨形、自行车车座形、梯形形状、楔形形状或具有一端比另一端更宽的其它形状。卫生巾和卫生护垫也可具有在本领域中称为“翼片”或“翼部”的侧向伸出部(图1中未示出)。此类伸出部可用于多种目的,包括但不限于保护穿着者的内裤免于脏污以及保持卫生巾固定在适当的位置。所示出的吸收制品具有在使用期间接触使用者的身体的面向身体的上侧。相对的面向衣服的下侧在使用期间接触使用者的衣服。
卫生巾10的上侧一般具有可为液体可透过的顶片14。下侧(见于图2)具有底片16,该底片16一般可为液体不可透过的并在卫生巾10的边缘12处与顶片14接合。吸收芯18被定位在顶片14和底片16之间。
可在吸收芯18的顶部处、顶片14的下方提供第二顶片20。如下文所详述,第二顶片20可包括根据本公开制造的水刺法纤维结构。顶片14、底片16、和吸收芯18可按多种熟知的构型装配,该多种熟知的构型包括所谓的“管状”产品或侧翼产品。示例性卫生巾构型一般描述于以下专利中:于1990年8月21日授予Osborn的题为“Thin,Flexible Sanitarynapkin”的美国专利4,950,264;于1984年1月10日授予DesMarais的题为“CompoundSanitary napkin”的美国专利4,425,130;于1982年3月30日授予Ahr的题为“BorderedDisposable Absorbent Article”的美国专利4,321,924;和于1987年8月18日授予VanTilburg的题为“Shaped Sanitary napkin With Flaps”的美国专利4,589,876。
如图1和图2所示,底片16和顶片14可按多种方式固定在一起。已发现由H.B.Fuller Company(St.Paul,Minn.)以名称HL-1258或H-2031制造的粘合剂是令人满意的。另选地,顶片14和底片16可通过热粘结、压力粘结、超声波粘结、动态机械粘结、弯边封口、或任何其它合适的固定方法彼此接合。如图2所示,流体不可透过的弯边封口24可抵抗流体透过产品的边缘的侧向迁移(“芯吸”),从而抑制对穿着者内衣的侧面脏污。
如针对卫生巾等所常见的那样,本公开的卫生巾10可具有设置在底片16的面向衣服侧上的女性内裤粘固剂。女性内裤粘固剂可为用于该目的的在本领域中使用的任何已知的粘合剂,并且如在本领域中熟知的那样,在使用之前可由防粘纸覆盖。如果存在翼片或翼部,则可将女性内裤粘固剂施用到面向衣服侧,以便接触并粘附到穿着者的内裤的下侧。
为了提供紧贴身体的柔软性,所示出的卫生巾10的顶片14可由柔软的、平滑的、柔性的多孔材料形成,该多孔材料对使用者的皮肤无刺激性。顶片14为将由制品收集的体液可透过的,并且因此对于卫生巾来讲,为阴道分泌物可透过的。一般来讲,吸收制品的顶片可由范围广泛的材料制成,该范围广泛的材料诸如织造材料和非织造材料;聚合物材料,诸如开孔成形热塑性膜、开孔塑料膜、和液压成形的热塑性膜;多孔的泡沫;网状泡沫;网状热塑性膜;和热塑性稀松布。合适的织造材料和非织造材料可由天然纤维(例如,木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维(例如,聚合物纤维诸如聚酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、或聚乙烯纤维)或天然纤维和合成纤维的组合构成。
疏水性顶片具有减少的趋向以允许流体反向通过并回渗穿着者的皮肤。因此,与身体接触的成形膜(或非织造织物)的表面保持干燥,由此减少了身体脏污的可能性,并且产生穿着者更舒适的感觉。
示例性顶片为疏水性顶片、或高蓬松非织造织顶片、以及开孔的2维或3维膜顶片,该疏水性顶片根据典型的非织造织物成形方法诸如纺粘、梳理成网、水刺法、针刺法、通风粘结进行选择。也可使用具有明显顶片纹理(瘤状物、微纹理或在面向身体的表面上具有长丝状突出部,它们可捕获身体分泌物并阻碍低流体流向身体)的蓬松的开孔成形膜顶片,该蓬松的开孔成形膜顶片本质上可为疏水性的或亲水性的。开孔成形膜是顶片14尤其优选的,因为它们是身体流出物可透过的并且是非吸收性的。
仍然参考图1,卫生巾的吸收芯18用于存储在使用期间排出的体液。吸收芯18可被制造成很多种大小和形状,并且可被成型以在卫生巾10的表面上的不同的位置处具有不同的厚度、亲水梯度、超吸收梯度、密度、或平均基重。
吸收芯18可具有流体分配层以及流体存储层。流体分配层将所接收的流体向下转移并侧向转移,并且一般具有比流体存储层更高的透过性和更低的毛细作用。
除了常规的吸收材料诸如绉纱纤维素填料、绒毛纤维素纤维、也称为透气毡的木浆纤维、和纺织品纤维外,流体存储层还通常包括吸收流体并形成水凝胶的超吸收材料。这些材料通常能够吸收大量体液并在适度压力下对其进行保持。吸收芯18的流体存储层可仅由超吸收材料制成,或者可包括分散在合适的载体诸如绒毛形式的纤维素纤维或硬化纤维中的此类材料。也可使用合成纤维,该合成纤维包括乙酸纤维素、聚氟乙烯、聚偏1,1-二氯乙烯、丙烯酸类树脂(诸如奥纶)、聚乙酸乙烯酯、不可溶的聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺(诸如尼龙)、聚酯、双组分纤维、三组分纤维、它们的混合物等等。流体存储层也可包括填充材料,诸如珍珠岩、硅藻土、蛭石、或降低回渗问题的其它合适的材料。
无论是如何结构化的,吸收芯18的总吸收容量应当与制品(例如,卫生巾10)的设计负载和预期用途相容。因此,可改变吸收芯18的大小和吸收容量以适应于不同的用途诸如失禁衬垫、卫生护垫、常规卫生巾或夜用卫生巾。
覆盖吸收芯18的下侧的底片16阻止吸收芯18中的流体润湿接触卫生巾10的制品,诸如裤、睡裤和内衣。因此,底片16优选地由液体不可透过的薄膜或液体不可透过的但是蒸气可透过的膜/非织造层压体、微孔膜、开孔成形膜、或蒸气可透过的、或使得蒸气可透过的、但是基本上流体不可透过的其它聚合物膜制成。
第二顶片20插置在吸收芯18和顶片14之间,并且用于将排出的体液具体地讲经液快速吸收透过邻近的可透过的(第一)顶片14。这允许邻近制品的穿着者的第一顶片14的表面保持相对清洁和干燥。所示出的卫生巾10中的第二顶片20具有由多种纤维类型构成的水刺法(即,射流喷网)纤维网或基体。
包括在水刺法纤维网中的可为纤维素纤维组分、非纤维素纤维组分、和基于聚烯烃的粘结剂纤维组分。基于聚烯烃的粘结剂纤维组分可为双组分纤维。如下文所用,术语双组分纤维是指具有两种组分的纤维。通常,双组分纤维由相对类似的组分构成,该相对类似的组分在例如它们的熔融温度或软化温度方面有差别。根据本公开制造的一些水刺法纤维结构为聚丙烯/聚乙烯双组分纤维。其它组合诸如聚酯/聚乙烯、聚酯/聚丙烯、聚酰胺/聚酯、聚酰胺/聚乙烯、聚酰胺/聚丙烯也是可行的组合。
双组分纤维可具有任何横截面类型,诸如并列型、同心型或偏心型。如本文所用,术语“并列型”是指纤维具有沿长度被分成两个或更多个不同区域的两种组分。如本文所用,术语“同心型”和“偏心型”是指双组分纤维的外皮在双组分纤维的整个横截面区域具有均匀或不均匀的厚度。在较低的纤维厚度处提供更大的压缩强度时,偏心型双组分纤维可为所期望的。用于本文的合适的双组分纤维可为非卷曲的(即,不弯曲的)或卷曲的(即,弯曲的)。双组分纤维可通过典型的纺织方法来卷曲以实现主要二维的或“平坦的”卷曲,该纺织方法诸如例如填塞箱法或齿轮卷曲法。
一般来讲,利用根据本公开的水刺法纤维结构制造的第二顶片20提供毛细管抽吸以“提拉”流体穿过顶片14,这足够用于滴流/低流状况。第二顶片20也可通过提供使流体移动至吸收芯18的透过性而包含涌流,以及提供中间存储装置,直到吸收芯18可接受流体。
第二顶片20也可提供硬度和挠性刚度,该挠性刚度一般是需要的以防止或至少试图减少横向(CD)聚拢,同时保持舒适度和身体贴合性。第二顶片20的水刺法纤维网可具有90克/平方米(gsm)或更小的基重;或65gsm或更小的基重;或在约35gsm至约65gsm的范围内的基重;或在约45gsm至约60gsm的范围内;或在约50gsm至约55gsm的范围内。第二顶片20的水刺法纤维结构也可具有约0.2mN·cm至约12mN·cm的纵向(MD)抗弯刚度。在一些实施例中,水刺法纤维结构具有约1.0mN·cm至约7mN·cm的MD抗弯刚度。
第二顶片20的水刺法纤维结构可由合适的种类的纤维类型制造,该纤维类型产生期望的机械性能和流体处理性能。例如纤维素纤维组分可形成约30重量%至约60重量%的水刺法纤维结构。对于一些示例性第二顶片,纤维素纤维组分可形成约35重量%至55重量%的水刺法纤维结构。在其它实施例中,纤维素纤维组分可形成约36重量%至45重量%的水刺法纤维结构。此外,水刺法纤维结构的纤维素纤维还可为亲水性的。
纤维素纤维可为人造丝诸如粘胶人造丝或在本领域中已知的其它合适的纤维素纤维诸如棉。对于包括人造丝的水刺法纤维结构,该人造丝可为约1.3分特(dtex)至约7.0分特。一些水刺法纤维结构可包括约1.5分特至约1.9分特的人造丝。人造丝的短纤维长度可在约30mm至约75mm或约35mm至约45mm的范围内。
非纤维素纤维组分或合成纤维组分可形成第二顶片20的约5重量%至约70重量%的水刺法纤维结构。对于一些示例性第二顶片,非纤维素纤维组分可形成约10重量%至25重量%的水刺法纤维结构。但其它示例性第二顶片可包括由约15重量%至24重量%的非纤维素纤维组分形成的水刺法纤维结构。
非纤维素纤维可为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)纤维、或在本领域中已知的其它合适的非纤维素纤维。对于包括PET纤维的水刺法纤维结构,PET纤维可为约3.5分特至约12.0分特。一些水刺法纤维结构可包括约3.8分特至约5.1分特的PET纤维。但其它水刺法纤维结构可包括约4.1分特至约4.7分特的PET纤维。PET纤维的短纤维长度可在约28mm至约48mm或约37mm至约43mm的范围内。一些水刺法纤维结构包括短纤维长度为约38mm至42mm的PET纤维。PET纤维可具有任何合适的结构或形状。例如,PET纤维可为圆形或者具有其它形状,诸如螺旋形、有缺口的椭圆、三叶形、有缺口的带形等等。此外,PET纤维还可为实心的、中空的或多处中空的。双组分纤维组分(有时称作基于聚烯烃的粘结剂纤维组分)可形成约30重量%至约55重量%的水刺法纤维结构。对于一些示例性第二顶片,双组分纤维组分形成约35重量%至50重量%的水刺法纤维结构。但其它水刺法纤维结构可由约36重量%至45重量%的双组分纤维组分形成。
具体地参考由聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维组合物构成的双组分纤维,在纤维的剖视图中,具有较高软化温度的材料可提供纤维的中心部分(即,芯)。芯通常负责双组分纤维的传输力的能力,并具有一定的刚度或者以其它方式提供具有回弹力的结构。纤维的芯上的外包衣(即,外皮)可具有较低的熔点,并用于促进包括此类纤维的基底的热粘结。在一个实施例中,聚丙烯芯在外侧上具有聚乙烯包衣,使得约50重量%的纤维材料为聚丙烯,并且50重量%的纤维材料为聚乙烯。当然可选择其它定量。例如,双组分纤维可具有约30重量%至约70重量%的聚乙烯组分,而其它具有约35重量%至约65重量%的聚乙烯。在一些实施例中,双组分纤维可具有约40重量%至约60重量%或约45重量%至约55重量%的聚乙烯组分。
根据本公开形成的第二顶片20的水刺法纤维结构赋予多种期望的物理特性,包括其芯吸/毛细作用、润湿Z方向抗压性、挠性刚度、以及融合粘结到膜或非织造顶片(即,顶片14)的能力。一般来讲,水刺法纤维结构的纤维素纤维组分诸如人造丝提供毛细作用,该毛细作用用于将流体从顶片14传送至吸收芯18。水刺法纤维结构的非纤维素纤维组分诸如PET提供Z方向强度以防止或至少限制第二顶片20在被润湿时发生塌缩,同时也提供期望的透过性。水刺法纤维结构的基于聚烯烃的纤维组分诸如聚丙烯/聚乙烯纤维用于提供毛细作用,同时也允许第二顶片20粘结到顶片14并彼此粘结以将第二顶片20的硬度增大至期望的水平。
制备水刺法纤维结构的方法
图3示出了一个示例性连续水刺法纤维结构制造过程的简化示意图。如应当认识到的那样,通过图3的方法产生的水刺法纤维结构可用于制造多种吸收制品,诸如图1-2的卫生巾10、以及多种其它吸收制品,包括尿布、训练裤、成人失禁内衣等。
如在本领域中熟知的那样,水刺法(有时称作水刺、射流缠结、水缠结,水刺法或液压针刺法)为机械粘结方法,由此利用高压水射流来缠结非织造纤维网的纤维。可通过使用图案化的转筒或带来实现图案化,该转筒或带使得纤维在织物中形成转筒设计的负像。各种纤维组分的成形纤维网(通常为气流成网、湿法成网或梳理成网,但有时为纺粘或熔喷等)可首先被压实并预润湿以消除气阱,并且然后被水针刺。参考图3,纤维结构30由纤维素纤维、非纤维素纤维和双组分纤维形成。纤维结构30具有位于射流头32上游的未粘结部分30A和位于射流头32下游的粘结(即,水刺)部分30B。在缠结过程中,包括多个喷射器的射流头32经过纤维结构30,所述多个喷射器被定位成大致形成水帘(为例证的简单性起见,图3中示出了仅一个喷射器34)。水射流36以高压诸如150巴或400巴被引导穿过纤维结构30。如应当认识到的那样,虽然未示出,但通常使用多排喷射器34,该多排喷射器34可被定位在纤维结构30的一侧或两侧上。
纤维结构30可由任何合适的支撑系统40诸如移动的网筛支撑(如图所示)或位于例如旋转的多孔转筒上。虽然未示出,但应当认识到,水刺系统可使纤维结构30暴露于沿纵向的一系列射流头32,其中每个射流头以不同的压力递送水射流。所利用的射流头32的具体数目可基于例如期望的基重、所需的粘结程度、纤维网的特征等等。随着水射流36透过纤维网,被定位成紧邻纤维结构30下方的抽吸狭槽38收集水,使其可被过滤并返回到射流头32以用于后续注入。由射流头32递送的水射流36将其大部分动能主要消耗于纤维结构30内的重排纤维以转动并缠绕纤维,以形成一系列联锁结。
一旦纤维结构30被水刺(被示出为粘结部分30B),然后就使水刺法纤维结构30穿过去除多余的水的脱水装置。在图3中所示的过程中,脱水装置为干燥单元42。干燥单元42可为任何合适的干燥系统,诸如例如多区段多级床式烘干机、真空系统、和/或气筒式烘干机。干燥单元42或其它脱水装置用于在后续的热处理之前使水刺法纤维结构30基本上干燥。术语“基本上干燥”在本文中用于指水刺法纤维结构30具有小于约10重量%、小于约5重量%、或小于约3重量%的液体含量(通常为水)或其它溶液含量。
一旦水刺法纤维结构30被基本上干燥,便可将水刺法纤维结构30加热至高温。通过将水刺法纤维结构30加热至特定温度或温度范围,可增大纤维结构的挠性刚度(即,硬化)。硬化纤维结构导致多种期望的结果。例如,水刺法纤维结构30的硬度增大允许结构耐受后续的制造过程。另外,当水刺法纤维结构30随后被结合到吸收制品诸如例如卫生巾10时,横向(CD)聚拢减少,从而导致较少的渗漏和对穿着者的更大的舒适度。
通过在热粘结过程中向水刺法纤维结构30导入另外的热量来升高其温度,双组分纤维的外皮将首先开始软化。随着这些柔软的双组分纤维彼此接触,将在外皮之间形成粘结,从而由于形成这些粘结部位而增大结构的总体挠性刚度。然而,水刺法纤维结构30的高温不是高得足以导致水刺法纤维结构内的其它类型的纤维流动或以其它方式软化、粘结或塌缩。在水刺法纤维结构30内形成粘结部位,这增加了纤维网的硬度,但根据需要,保持水刺法纤维结构30的流体处理性能。应当理解,将最终干燥阶段温度升高(或以其它方式向水刺法纤维结构导入热量)至刚好高于双组分纤维的一部分的软化温度提供了增强的机械性能,同时也保持了液体处理性能。然而,如果水刺法纤维结构被加热至过高的温度,则结构的刚度增大,并且结构的液体处理性能可能受到损害。
为了升高温度,可使基本上干燥的水刺法纤维结构30穿过到达另一个加热单元(作为热粘结单元44示意性地示出于图3中)。在其它实施例中,水刺法纤维结构30在由干燥单元42基本上干燥之后被卷绕。在随后的时间点,也许在被传送至另一个设施之后,水刺法纤维结构30被退绕,并且然后使用热粘结单元44来进行热硬化。此时,热硬化的水刺法纤维结构可被再次卷绕以用于随后的加工或者其可在热粘结单元44的下游被结合到吸收制品或产品。
现在参考图4,在一个示例性实施例中,对纤维结构30的干燥和对水刺法纤维结构30的后续的热粘结是在被示出为加热单元46的单一干燥系统内执行的,该加热单元46可为常规烘炉或在水刺制造过程中使用的烘干机。加热单元46可分阶段地向水刺法纤维结构30递送各种水平的热量。第一阶段用于使水刺法纤维结构30基本上干燥。在加热单元46内的干燥过程的最终阶段期间,水刺法纤维结构30的温度升高,使得双组分材料的至少一部分软化并开始彼此粘结。虽然图4示出了多阶段加热过程,但本公开不限于此。例如,可使用单阶段加热过程来将水刺法纤维结构30基本上干燥并热粘结。在一个示例性过程中,使用单一通风转筒烘干机来使水刺法纤维结构30脱水、基本上干燥并热熔融。
一旦根据本公开制造了水刺法纤维结构30,便可将其结合到例如吸收材料。参照图1-2的卫生巾10,包含水刺法纤维结构30的第二顶片20可粘结到或以其它方式附接到顶片14。在一些实施例中,利用热点压延或其它合适的粘结。在其它实施例中,水刺法纤维结构30可用作吸收制品的吸收芯。例如,卫生护垫和失禁衬垫可由水刺法纤维结构30形成,水刺法纤维结构30被定位在顶片和底片之间以用作吸收芯,如上文相对于图1-2所述的。此外,在一些实施例中,水刺法纤维结构30不包括粘结剂组分。测试方法
制备水刺法纤维结构样本,该水刺法纤维结构样本样本具有55gsm的基重,具有平滑表面和以下各项的均匀共混物:(1)约40%粘胶人造丝纤维(1.7分特,38mm的短纤维长度);(2)由聚丙烯(PP)和聚乙烯(PE)形成的约40%双组分纤维(1.7分特,40mm长度,50重量%的PE外皮和50重量%的PP芯),其包括约1.0%二氧化钛(TiO2);和(3)约20%聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)(40mm的短纤维长度)。除非另外指明,否则本文所述的所有测试均是对如下样本进行的:在测试之前,将样本在73℉±4℉(约23℃±2.2℃)的温度下和50%±4%的相对湿度下调理2小时。如下表1-5所示,将基本上干燥的水刺法纤维结构样本的温度升高至某一温度,这用于增大挠性刚度(表1),同时保持期望的液体处理特性(表2-5)。
下表1示出了上文所参考的水刺法纤维结构样本的示例性纵向(MD)抗弯刚度。在表1中提供的数据是根据EDANA测试方法号WSP 090.5(Bending Length)来采集的。下表1以及下表2、3、4和5中所示的温度指出水刺法纤维结构的最终干燥阶段温度(即,热粘结温度)。如图所示,将最终干燥阶段温度升高至刚好高于软化温度(即,131℃),从而导致挠性刚度增大约十倍,同时保持流体处理性能。然而,在较高温度下,挠性刚度继续增大,但流体处理性能受到损害:
温度:127℃ 温度:131℃ 温度:134℃
MD抗弯刚度(mN·cm) 0.55 5.2 9.55
表1
下表2示出了上文所参考的水刺法纤维结构样本的示例性液体透湿定时数据。在表2中提供的数据是根据EDANA测试方法号WSP 070.7(Repeated Liquid Strike-ThroughTime)来采集的:
温度:127℃ 温度:131℃ 温度:134℃
透湿1(秒) 1.5 1.7 3.05
透湿2(秒) 3.5 3.72 4.3
透湿3(秒) 3.3 3.5 3.66
表2
下表3示出了上文所参考的水刺法纤维结构样本的示例性回渗数据。在表3中提供的数据是根据EDANA测试方法号WSP 080.10(Coverstock Wetback)来采集的:
温度:127℃ 温度:131℃ 温度:134℃
回渗(g) 3.22 2.94 2.37
表3
下表4示出了上文所参考的水刺法纤维结构样本的示例性流失数据。在表4中提供的数据是根据EDANA测试方法号WSP 080.9(Run-Off)来采集的:
温度:127℃ 温度:131℃ 温度:134℃
流失(%) 0 2.54 11.1
表4
下表5示出了上文所参考的水刺法纤维结构样本的示例性芯吸数据。在表5中提供的数据是根据EDANA测试方法号WSP 010.1(Nonwoven Absorption)来采集的:
温度:127℃ 温度:131℃ 温度:134℃
MD芯吸120秒(mm) 29.3 3.2 9.3
CD芯吸120秒(mm) 19 3 3.5
表5
下表6示出了本发明的示例性水刺法纤维结构,该示例性水刺法纤维结构具有约45gsm至约85gsm的基重。
表6
本文所公开的量纲和值不应被理解为严格限于所引用的精确值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个此类量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值的功能上等同的范围两者。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确排除或以其它方式限制,将本文引用的包括任何交叉引用或相关的专利或专利申请的每篇文献全文以引用方式并入本文。对任何文献的引用不是对其作为相对于本文所公开的或受权利要求书保护的任何发明的现有技术,或其单独地或与任何其它参考文献的任何组合,或者对任何此类发明进行参考、教导、建议或公开的认可。此外,当文档中的术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文档中相同术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时,应当服从在本文档中指定的那个术语的含义或定义。
虽然已举例说明和描述了本发明的特定实施例,但是对于本领域的技术人员将来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出多个其它改变和修改。因此,本文旨在在所附权利要求书中涵盖本发明的范围内的所有此类改变和修改。

Claims (6)

1.一种水刺法纤维结构,所述水刺法纤维结构具有介于35克/平方米(gsm)和65gsm之间的基重,所述水刺法纤维结构包括纤维共混物,
其中所述纤维共混物包括:
从30重量%至60重量%的所述水刺法纤维结构的纤维素纤维组分;
从5重量%至30重量%的所述水刺法纤维结构的非纤维素纤维组分;
从30重量%至55重量%的所述水刺法纤维结构的基于聚烯烃的粘结剂纤维组分,所述基于聚烯烃的粘结剂纤维组分由双组分纤维形成;
其中所述水刺法纤维结构具有0.2mN·cm至约7mN·cm的纵向(MD)抗弯刚度、和0.2g至7.0g的回渗值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水刺法纤维结构,其中所述回渗值为0.3g至6.0g。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的水刺法纤维结构,其中所述回渗值为0.5g至4.0g。
4.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的水刺法纤维结构,其中所述纤维素纤维组分包含人造丝,并且所述非纤维素纤维组分包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)。
5.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的水刺法纤维结构,其中所述基于聚烯烃的粘结剂纤维组分形成35重量%至50重量%的所述水刺法纤维结构。
6.一种吸收制品,包括:
顶片;
吸收芯;和
被定位在所述顶片和所述吸收芯之间的第二顶片,其中所述第二顶片包括根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的水刺法纤维结构。
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