CN105190839A - 半导体用复合基板的处理基板 - Google Patents

半导体用复合基板的处理基板 Download PDF

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CN105190839A
CN105190839A CN201580000704.1A CN201580000704A CN105190839A CN 105190839 A CN105190839 A CN 105190839A CN 201580000704 A CN201580000704 A CN 201580000704A CN 105190839 A CN105190839 A CN 105190839A
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substrate
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polycrystal alumina
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CN105190839B (zh
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宫泽杉夫
岩崎康范
高垣达朗
井出晃启
中西宏和
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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Abstract

构成处理基板的透光性多晶氧化铝的氧化铝纯度为99.9%以上,透光性多晶氧化铝的气孔率为0.01%以上、0.1%以下。处理基板的接合面侧的表面区域中所含的大小为0.5μm以上的气孔数量为表面区域中所含的大小为0.1μm以上、0.3μm以下的气孔数量的0.5倍以下。

Description

半导体用复合基板的处理基板
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体用复合基板的处理基板。
背景技术
一直以来,已知有被称为SilicononQuartz(SOQ)、SilicononGlass(SOG)、SilicononSapphire(SOS)的、处理基板由透明的绝缘基板构成的SOI,以及GaN、ZnO、金刚石、AIN等透明宽带隙半导体与硅等供体基板接合而得到的贴合晶片。SOQ、SOG、SOS等由于处理基板的绝缘性·透明性等,在投影仪、高频设备等上的应用受到期待。此外,宽带隙半导体的薄膜在处理基板上复合化而成的贴合晶片在高性能激光或功率器件等上的应用受到期待。
将具有高绝缘性、低介电损耗、高热传导等特征的蓝宝石作为基底基板,在其表面形成用于构成半导体元件的硅薄膜而得到的贴合基板被用于高频开关IC等。以往,在基底基板上通过外延生长形成硅区域的方法较为主流,但近年来,开发了通过直接接合形成的方法,有助于半导体元件的性能改善(专利文献1、2、3)。
但是,由于蓝宝石价格较高,为了缩减成本,期望将蓝宝石以外的材料的基板作为处理基板使用。伴随着上述接合技术的进步,提出了各种由石英、玻璃、氧化铝等蓝宝石以外的材质所构成的处理基板的方案。
其中,作为高亮度放电灯用的发光管或半导体制造装置的虚拟晶圆使用的多晶透光性氧化铝,通过使用高纯度的原料,在高温的还原气氛中致密性烧成,具有与蓝宝石等同的高绝缘性、低介电损耗、高热导率等优异的特性,同时具有不需要高成本的结晶成长工序等优点(专利文献4、5、6)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1日本专利特开H08-512432
专利文献2日本专利特开2003-224042
专利文献3日本专利特开2010-278341
专利文献4WO2010/128666
专利文献5日本专利特开平05-160240
专利文献6日本专利特开平11-026339
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
处理基板与硅层直接接合的情况下,其接合面需要以原子水平贴紧,因此需要表面粗糙度Ra小。典型性地,要求接合面的表面粗糙度Ra在3nm以下。该要求虽然可以通过CMP加工等精密研磨达成,但作为处理基板的材料使用透光性多晶氧化铝时,晶粒之间含有气孔,因此研磨后的表面气孔露出,形成凹坑。在使用多晶材料的基底基板上含有一定量(实用中0.01%以上)以上的该气孔是不可避免的,已知这是表面粗糙度恶化引起的结合强度不足的原因。
本发明的课题是,在通过多晶氧化铝制作半导体用复合基板的处理基板的情况下,抑制由接合面的精密研磨加工后表面露出的凹坑引起的接合强度下降,改善与供体基板的接合强度。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明是半导体用复合基板的处理基板,
其特征在于,所述处理基板由多晶氧化铝形成,多晶氧化铝的气孔率为0.01以上、0.1%以下,处理基板的接合面侧的表面区域所含的大小为0.5μm以上的气孔数量为表面区域所含的大小为0.1μm以上、0.3μm以下的气孔数量的0.5倍以下。
此外,本发明涉及半导体用复合基板,其特征在于,具有上述处理基板、以及直接或通过接合区域与上述处理基板的接合面接合的供体基板。
发明的效果
本发明人研究并尝试通过多晶氧化铝形成处理基板。多晶氧化铝具有由许多微粒粘合而得的微结构。在此发现,精密研磨加工处理基板后的表面上气孔露出,形成凹坑,成为与供体基板剥离的原因。当然,若能完全消灭多晶氧化铝中的气孔,则无法产生凹坑,但是事实上不可能使这样的烧结体的气孔完全消失,或者不能说是实用性的。多晶氧化铝的气孔率在实用中为0.01%以上。
因此,本发明人进一步调查气孔的大小与精密研磨加工后在接合面上残留的微细凹坑的关系。作为其结果发现,以将多晶氧化铝的气孔率减低至0.1%以下为前提,即使该气孔率残留0.01%以上,只要能减低大小为0.5μm以上的气孔的比例,就能抑制凹坑引起的接合强度的下降,从而达到本发明。
附图说明
[图1](a)是表示本发明的实施方式涉及的处理基板1的示意图,(b)是表示在处理基板1上通过接合区域4接合供体基板5而得到的复合基板6的示意图,(c)是表示在处理基板1上直接接合供体基板5而得到的复合基板6A的示意图。
[图2]是表示平均粒径的算出方式例的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面,适当参考附图,进一步说明本发明。
(处理基板)
本发明的处理基板由多晶氧化铝形成。多晶氧化铝由于能够得到非常致密的烧结体,因此不易产生处理基板的裂纹或裂缝。
在适宜的实施方式中,多晶氧化铝的氧化铝纯度为99.9%以上。
多晶氧化铝的氧化铝纯度,通过用硫酸进行加压酸分解来溶解氧化铝粉末,再用ICP发射光谱分析法分析该溶解液来确定。
本发明中,构成处理基板的多晶氧化铝的气孔率为0.01%以上、0.1%以下。用通常方法难以将该气孔率降至不足0.01%,实用中为0.01%以上。此外,多晶氧化铝的气孔率超过0.1%时,即使大小为0.5μm以上的气孔数量的比例维持较低,还是容易由处理基板的接合面的凹坑导致产生剥离。从该观点考虑,多晶氧化铝的气孔率在0.1%以下,进一步优选在0.05%以下,特别优选为0.01%。
构成处理基板的多晶氧化铝的气孔率的测定方法是,通过CMP加工研磨基板表面后,用1200倍的激光显微镜进行观察,测定研磨面中的气孔的数量、面积。然后,根据[气孔的面积的总和/观察的面积]算出。观察视野为0.2mm×0.2mm,9个视野观察同一基板。
本发明中,通过使处理基板的接合面侧的表面区域中所含的大小为0.5μm以上的气孔数量为该表面区域所含的大小为0.1μm以上、0.3μm以下的气孔数量的0.5倍以下,能够抑制精密研磨加工后的凹坑引起的供体基板的剥离。从该观点考虑,优选处理基板的接合面侧的表面区域中所含的大小为0.5μm以上的气孔数量为该表面区域中所含的大小为0.1μm以上、0.3μm以下的气孔数量的0.3倍以下,进一步优选0.1倍以下。
此外,处理基板的接合面侧的表面区域中所含的大小为0.5μm以上的气孔数量/表面区域中所含的大小为0.1μm以上、0.3μm以下的气孔数量的比例的下限没有特别限定,可以是0.0倍,但多为0.05倍以上。
处理基板的接合面侧的表面区域中所含的气孔的大小、气孔数量的测定方法是,通过CMP加工研磨基板表面后,用1200倍的激光显微镜进行观察、测定。观察视野为0.2mm×0.2mm,9个视野观察同一基板。
并且,计算观察视野中的大小为0.5μm以上的气孔的数量,和大小为0.1~0.3μm的气孔的数量。然后,算出这些气孔数量的比例。
此处,将大小不足0.1μm的气孔的计数排除是因为与视野相比过小,难以计数,另外对表面状态的影响可以忽略。
如上所述镜面研磨处理基板的截面时,产生脱粒,难以与气孔区别的情况下,通过在截面加工中使用FIB(聚焦离子束)加工可以排除这些影响。
此外,气孔的大小通过如下所示的方法确定。即,在处理基板通过上述激光显微镜得到的上述观察图像中绘制直线,横穿气孔。此时,虽然可以绘制多条直线,但是按照通过气孔上的直线的长度最大的方式绘制直线,将该最大长度作为气孔的大小。
此外,优选处理基板的接合面侧的上述表面区域中所含的大小为0.5μm以上的气孔的平均密度为500个/mm2以下,进一步优选240个/mm2以下。
要测定该密度时,通过CMP加工研磨基板表面后,用1200倍的激光显微镜进行观察,测定研磨面中的气孔的数量、大小,将单位换算为个/mm2
适宜的实施方式中,接合面的微观表面粗糙度Ra在3.0nm以下,由此能够进一步提高与供体基板的接合能力。从该观点考虑,进一步优选接合面的微观中心线平均表面粗糙度Ra在1.0nm以下。
另外,Ra是对表面出现的各晶粒的露出面用AFM(AtomicForceMicroscope:原子力显微镜)拍摄,按照JISB0601所计算出的数值。
在适宜的实施方式中,构成处理基板的多晶氧化铝的平均粒径为1~35μm。如果该平均粒径小,利用研磨机进行厚度加工时的加工速度变慢,同时之后研磨时易产生脱粒,表面粗糙度变差。此外,如果该平均粒径大,会产生烧结时的微裂纹,表面粗糙度变差。通过将平均粒径设定在上述范围内,表面粗糙度Ra减小,容易使基于分子间力的供体基板的接合强度变得良好。
此外,晶粒的平均粒径如以下方式进行测定。
(1)将处理基板的截面进行镜面研磨,热蚀刻,使晶界突出后,拍摄显微镜照片(100~400倍),对单位长度的直线穿过的粒子数进行计数。在3个不同的地方实施该操作。另外,单位长度设为500μm~1000μm的范围。
(2)对实施的3个地方的粒子的个数取平均。
(3)根据下述式,算出平均粒径。
[计算式]
D=(4/π)×(L/n)
[D:平均粒径、L:直线的单位长度、n:3个地方的粒子个数的平均]
平均粒径的计算例如图2所示。假设不同的3个地方的位置上单位长度(例如500μm)的直线穿过的粒子个数分别为22、23、19时,平均粒径D根据上述计算式为:
D=(4/π)×[500/{(22+23+19)/3}]=29.9μm
此外,处理基板的大小、厚度没有特别限定,但通常的SEMI/JEITA规格左右的产品从操作的原因来看便于处理。此外,处理基板的厚度优选0.3mm以上,优选1.5mm以下。
(处理基板的制造)
制造由多晶氧化铝形成的半成品基板时,对纯度99.9%以上(优选99.95%以上)的高纯度氧化铝粉末添加规定的烧结助剂,烧结时以及退火处理时使烧结助剂排出。作为这样的高纯度氧化铝粉末,可举例大明化学工业株式会社制的高纯度氧化铝粉体。
在适宜的实施方式中,构成处理基板的多晶氧化铝为透光性多晶氧化铝。此处,透光性多晶氧化铝是指可见光区域的光的前方总透光率在15%以上。
原料粉末的平均粒径(一次粒径)没有特别限定,但从低温烧结中的致密化的观点考虑,优选0.6μm以下,进一步优选0.4μm以下。优选原料粉末的平均粒径为0.3μm以下。该平均粒径的下限没有特别限定。原料粉末的平均粒径可根据用SEM(扫描型电子显微镜)对原料的直接观察确定。
此外,这里说的原料粉末的平均粒径是指,SEM照片(倍率:×30000,任意的2个视野)上的、除去2次凝集粒子的1次粒子的(最长轴长+最短轴长)/2的值n=500时的平均值。
在适宜的实施方式中,多晶氧化铝的烧结助剂含有ZrO2200~800ppm、MgO150~300ppm、以及Y2O310~30ppm。通过以上述范围添加MgO,能够防止烧结初期气孔的进入,因此对于降低气孔率是有效的。此外,以上述范围添加ZrO以及Y2O3时,烧结后晶界的所谓的3重点部分的气孔被ZrO2填埋,因此,对于减少超过0.5μm的气孔数量是有效的。该效果在热压烧成时变得显著。
处理基板的成形方法没有特别限定,可以是刮刀法、挤出法、凝胶铸造法等任意的方法。特别优选使用如下所示的刮刀法制造基板。
(1)与陶瓷粉体一起,将作为粘合剂的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB树脂)或丙烯酸树脂,与增塑剂、分散剂一同分散在分散介质中制备浆料,用刮刀法成形为带状后,使分散介质干燥,令浆料固化。
(2)将得到的带状物多枚重叠,通过压力层积或CIP层积,得到期望厚度的基板形状的成形体。进一步地,通过在1000~1300℃的温度下,在大气中预烧,得到预烧体。
为获得本发明的处理基板,从烧结体的致密化的观点考虑,烧结温度优选1700~1900℃,进一步优选1750~1850℃。
此外,优选烧成时生成充分致密的烧结体后,进一步追加实施退火处理。为了像本发明这样有选择性地减少表面区域的气孔,该退火温度优选为烧成时的最高温度+50℃~最高温度-50℃,进一步优选烧成时的最高温度~最高温度+50℃。此外,退火时间优选1~6小时。
此外,上述烧成时,在由钼等高熔点金属形成的平坦的板上放置基板,此时,从易于促进烧结助剂的排出,促进颗粒成长的观点考虑,优选在基板的上方空出5~10mm的间隙。这是因为,由此,通过伴随颗粒增长的晶界移动能够促进气孔的排出,其结果是,能够降低表面区域中的大小为0.5μm以上的气孔的数量。
此外,通过热压烧结预烧体,特别地能够减小处理基板的表面区域中的气孔,能够有效地降低大小为0.5μm以上的气孔的数量。
这样的热压时的烧结温度优选1300~1800℃,进一步优选1450~1650℃。压力优选10~30MPa。烧成时的氛围优选Ar气体、N2气体、真空(≦20Pa)的任一种。此外,热压时的烧结温度的保持时间优选2~8小时。
通过精密研磨加工半成品基板,表面粗糙度Ra减小。作为这样的研磨加工,通常为CMP(化学机械研磨)加工。作为其中使用的研磨浆料,可使用将具有30nm~200nm的粒径的磨粒分散于碱性或中性溶液中而得的浆料。作为磨粒材料,可举例二氧化硅、氧化铝、金刚石、氧化锆、氧化铈,将这些单独或组合使用。此外,研磨垫可举例硬质氨酯垫、无纺布垫、绒面垫。
此外,通常在实施最终的精密研磨加工前,实施GC研磨、磨床、金刚石研磨等粗研磨加工,优选进一步在粗研磨加工之后进行退火处理。退火处理的氛围气体可举例大气、氢气、氮气、氩气、真空。优选退火温度为1200~1600℃,退火时间为2~12小时。据此,可不损害表面的平滑,除去表面区域的加工变质层。特别是对于热压烧成而得的材料,退火温度与烧成温度接近时,烧结时的内部应力开放,因此气孔变得大直径化。因此,优选以低于烧成温度100~200℃的温度进行退火。
(半导体用复合基板)
本发明的复合基板,可用于投影仪用发光元件、高频装置、高性能激光、动力装置、逻辑IC等。
复合基板含有本发明的处理基板和供体基板。
供体基板的材质没有特别限定,但优选由硅、氮化铝、氮化镓、氧化锌及金刚石组成的群中选出。供体基板的厚度没有特别限定,但通常的SEMI/JEITA规格左右的产品从操作的关系来看便于处理。
供体基板可以具有上述的材质,也可以在表面具有氧化膜。这是因为若通过氧化膜进行离子注入,则能够得到抑制注入离子的沟道效应的效果。氧化膜优选具有50~500nm的厚度。具有氧化膜的供体基板也属于供体基板,只要没有特别区分,均称为供体基板。
例如图1(b)的复合基板6中,得到处理基板1后,通过接合区域4在处理基板1的接合面1a上接合供体基板5。图1(c)的复合基板6A中,在处理基板1的接合面1a上直接接合供体基板5。
(接合形态)
作为接合中使用的技术,没有特别限定,例如,可使用基于表面活性化的直接接合、以及使用粘合区域的基板接合技术。
直接接合中适宜使用基于表面活性化的低温接合技术。可以在10-6Pa左右的真空状态下,实施Ar气体引起的表面活性化后,在常温下通过SiO2等的粘合区域将Si等单晶材料与多晶材料接合。
作为粘合区域的例子,除了基于树脂的粘合之外,还可以使用SiO2、Al2O3、SiN。
实施例
(实施例1)
为了确认本发明的效果,尝试制作使用透光性氧化铝烧结体的处理基板1。
首先,制作透光性氧化铝烧结体制的半成品基板。具体地,制备混合有以下成分的浆料。
(分散介质)
·戊二酸二甲酯27重量份
·乙二醇0.3重量份
(凝胶化剂)
·MDI树脂4重量份
(分散剂)
·高分子表面活性剂3重量份
(催化剂)
·N,N-二甲基氨基己醇0.1质量份
室温下将该浆料注入铝合金制的模型后,在室温下放置1小时。接着,在40℃放置30分钟,固化后脱模。进一步地,在室温下,接着在90℃下各放置2小时,得到板状的粉末成形体。
将得到的粉末成形体在大气中于1100℃下预烧(预备烧成)后,在氮气氛围中、温度1650℃、压力20MPa的条件下进行热压烧成5小时。
在制成的半成品基板上实施高精度研磨加工。首先,通过基于绿碳化硅的双面研磨加工整理形状后,通过金刚石浆料在表面实施单面研磨加工。接着,为了获得最终的表面粗糙度,实施使用胶体二氧化硅的CMP研磨加工。此时,整体的加工量在深度方向为100μm,退火后的加工量调整至1μm。进一步地,将加工后的基板分别交替浸渍于过氧氨水(双氧水和氨水的混合液)、过氧盐酸(双氧水和盐酸的混合液)、硫酸、氢氟酸、王水和纯水中进行洗涤,制作处理基板1。
对得到的处理基板,调查气孔率、表面区域中大小为0.5μm以上的气孔数量/大小为0.1~0.3μm气孔数量的值,大小为0.5μm以上的气孔的密度、结晶的平均粒径、接合面的Ra后,得到表1的结果。
此外,如表1、表2的实施例2~8、比较例1~4所示,各气孔数量以及气孔率通过改变热压时的温度、压力、粗研磨加工后的退火温度进行调整。
另外,实施例1~8、比较例1~4的各例子的构成处理基板的透光性多晶氧化铝中的氧化铝纯度都在99.9%以上。
(接合试验)
在实施例1~8中得到的各处理基板的表面上形成SiO2区域,作为与硅薄板(供体基板)的接合区域。成膜方法使用等离子体CVD,通过在成膜后实施CMP研磨(化学机械研磨),使最终的SiO2区域的膜厚为100nm。然后,通过等离子体活化法将硅薄板和SiO2区域直接接合,尝试制作由Si-SiO2-处理基板形成的复合基板。其结果是,能得到良好的接合状态,没有发现裂缝、剥离、裂纹。此外,将得到的复合基板在300℃下热处理30分钟,对剥离面积进行评价后,得到如表1所示结果。
其中,剥离面积的比例按照以下方式算出。
1.用IR显微镜拍摄接合面整体
2.在拍摄图像上设定横竖各10列格子
3.观察各格子的剥落状态,通过以下式子算出
(完全剥落的格子数量)÷(整体的格子数量)
另一方面,在比较例1~4的各处理基板的表面上,如上所述接合硅薄板。将得到的各复合基板在300℃下热处理30分钟,同样地进行剥离面积的评价后,得到如表2所示结果。
[表1]
[表2]

Claims (8)

1.一种处理基板,是半导体用复合基板的处理基板,其特征在于,所述处理基板由多晶氧化铝形成,所述多晶氧化铝的气孔率为0.01%以上、0.1%以下,所述处理基板的接合面侧的表面区域所含的大小为0.5μm以上的气孔数量,为所述表面区域所含的大小为0.1μm以上0.3μm以下的气孔数量的0.5倍以下。
2.如权利要求1所述的处理基板,其特征在于,所述处理基板的所述接合面的表面粗糙度Ra在3.0nm以下。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的处理基板,其特征在于,所述多晶氧化铝的平均粒径为1~35μm。
4.如权利要求1~3的任一项所述的处理基板,其特征在于,所述多晶氧化铝的烧结助剂含有ZrO2200~800ppm、MgO150~300ppm以及Y2O310~30ppm。
5.如权利要求1~4的任一项所述的处理基板,其特征在于,所述多晶氧化铝的氧化铝纯度为99.9%以上。
6.如权利要求1~5的任一项所述的处理基板,其特征在于,所述多晶氧化铝是透光性多晶氧化铝。
7.一种半导体用复合基板,其特征在于,具有权利要求1~6的任一项权利要求所述的处理基板以及供体基板,所述供体基板直接或通过接合区域与所述处理基板的所述接合面接合。
8.如权利要求7所述的复合基板,其特征在于,所述供体基板由单晶硅形成。
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