CN105189090B - 用于将金属增强件固定到涡轮发动机叶片前缘上的装置以及使用该装置的方法 - Google Patents

用于将金属增强件固定到涡轮发动机叶片前缘上的装置以及使用该装置的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105189090B
CN105189090B CN201480025711.2A CN201480025711A CN105189090B CN 105189090 B CN105189090 B CN 105189090B CN 201480025711 A CN201480025711 A CN 201480025711A CN 105189090 B CN105189090 B CN 105189090B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
blade
leading edge
chock
metal reinforcements
edge reinforcement
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CN201480025711.2A
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CN105189090A (zh
Inventor
蒂里·绍文
弗兰克·伯纳德·里昂·瓦里
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Safran SA
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Safran SA
SNECMA SAS
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Publication of CN105189090A publication Critical patent/CN105189090A/zh
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B29C65/7847—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes using vacuum to hold at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • F01D25/285—Temporary support structures, e.g. for testing, assembling, installing, repairing; Assembly methods using such structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
    • F04D29/324—Blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • B23Q3/063—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material for holding turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12441—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being a single wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12449—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being asymmetric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12461—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being rounded, i.e. U-shaped or C-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12463—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered
    • B29C66/12464—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered being V-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12469—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being asymmetric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0097—Glues or adhesives, e.g. hot melts or thermofusible adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05D2240/303—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the leading edge of a rotor blade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将金属增强件(300)固定到涡轮发动机叶片(2)的前缘(6)上的工具，该工具包括叶片支架(100)，所述叶片支架用于接收叶片，同时保持所述叶片的前缘的表面空闲；以及前缘增强件支架(200)，所述叶片支架(100)设计为安装在所述前缘增强件支架上，并且所述前缘增强件支架包括两个横向楔子(208)，所述叶片的所述前缘的金属增强件(300)定位在所述横向楔子之间，所述楔子(208)适于能够朝着彼此移动和从彼此移开，每个所述楔子设置有用于抓住所述金属增强件(300)的吸力格栅，所述前缘增强件支架还包括加热元件，所述加热元件用于使应用在所述叶片的所述前缘表面上的粘合剂膜聚合。本发明还涉及一种利用上述工具将金属增强件固定到涡轮发动机叶片(2)的前缘(6)上的方法。

Description

用于将金属增强件固定到涡轮发动机叶片前缘上的装置以及 使用该装置的方法
背景技术
本发明大体上涉及涡轮发动机叶片，该叶片上的前缘上设置有金属增强件的领域。更具体地，本发明涉及一种工具，并涉及一种将金属增强件固定到涡轮发动机叶片的前缘上的方法，所述涡轮发动机叶片由复合材料制成。
已知由复合材料制成的涡轮发动机风扇叶片可以装备由金属制成的结构增强件，该结构增强件在每个叶片的整个高度上延伸。该增强件用于在异物撞击风扇，例如鸟类被吸入涡轮发动机时保护复合叶片。
下面描述一种已知的将金属增强件固定到复合材料叶片前缘上的方法。叶片被固定在支架中，用于叶片前缘的顺翼展方向的定位标记被放置到合适位置上。接下来向叶片前缘的表面应用粘合剂薄层膜，将金属增强件手动预先定位到叶片前缘上。接下来粘合剂在高压釜中聚合。
这种方法存在诸多缺点。特别地，这是一种依赖于操作人员的手动方法，因此存在粘合剂的材料稳固性发生变化以及装配在一起的部件的相对定位发生变化的高风险。需要通过非常严格的检查机制对所述风险进行补偿。这导致较高的生产成本。
发明目的和内容
本发明的一个主要目的是提供一种工具，以及一种不具有上述缺点的用于固定边缘的方法。
根据本发明，该目的通过一种用于将金属增强件固定到涡轮发动机叶片的前缘上的工具实现，该工具包括：叶片支架，该叶片支架用于接收叶片同时保持所述叶片的前缘的表面空闲；以及前缘增强件支架，所述叶片支架设计为安装在所述前缘增强件支架上，并且所述前缘增强件支架包括两个横向楔子，所述叶片的所述前缘的所述金属增强件定位在所述横向楔子之间，所述楔子适于能够朝着彼此移动和从彼此移开，每个所述楔子设置有用于抓住所述金属增强件的吸力格栅，所述前缘增强件支架还包括加热元件，所述加热元件用于当应用在所述叶片的所述前缘表面上的粘合剂薄层位于所述金属增强件上时使所述粘合剂薄层聚合。
该工具能够避免叶片和金属增强件之间的相对定位出现缺陷，由此确保金属增强件在叶片前缘上的定位是可复制的。特别地，粘合剂的厚度是可控的。在前缘增强件支架中存在能够从彼此移开的楔子使得在将叶片前缘放置到位的同时张开增强件的凸缘成为可能，由此促进该操作。这避免了增强件被强迫装配到叶片前缘上，由此保证叶片和粘合剂薄层完好无损。此外，通过在工具中使用加热元件，粘合剂在高压釜外面聚合，因此使得提高生产效率和降低叶片热疲劳成为可能。此外，很容易在整个聚合周期内对温度进行控制(温度上升，保持，温度下降)。
优选地，叶片支架包括吸力侧半壳体，压力侧半壳体，以及用于在所述压力侧半壳体和所述吸力侧半壳体之间施加拧紧力的装置，所述吸力侧半壳体具有的凹槽的形状与所述叶片的吸力侧表面的形状互补，所述压力侧半壳体具有的凹槽的形状与所述叶片的压力侧表面的形状互补。
此外，优选地，所述叶片支架还包括用于夹持所述叶片的前缘的楔子。该附加夹持的作用是在叶片太薄的情况下将叶片保持在位置上。通过使用多个夹持楔子，保证与叶片的后缘在多个点上接触，不管叶片的轮廓是否具有任何缺陷。
此外，优选地，前缘增强件支架还包括用于所述楔子的行程终止桥台。该行程终止桥台的存在使前缘增强件支架的楔子的行程受到限制，特别是在对金属增强件的凸缘施加压力时。因此可以保证金属增强件的形状，并限制粘合剂薄层压扁(由此能够保证符合粘合剂的最小需求厚度)。此外，在叶片过厚的情况下可以确保金属增强件和叶片之间的空气动力学连续性。
前缘增强件支架可以包括用于使所述楔子朝着彼此移向或从彼此移开的装置。
同样，前缘增强件支架的加热元件可以包括用于循环导热流体的回路。
本发明还提供了一种通过使用如上定义的工具将金属增强件固定到涡轮发动机叶片的前缘上的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：将所述叶片定位并夹持在所述工具的叶片支架中，同时保持所述叶片的所述前缘的表面空闲；向所述叶片的所述前缘的空闲表面应用粘合剂；将所述金属增强件定位并夹紧在所述工具的所述前缘增强件支架中；通过将所述叶片支架安装在所述前缘增强件支架上，将所述金属增强件定位到所述叶片的所述前缘上；对所述金属增强件的凸缘施加压力；以及通过所述工具的所述前缘增强件支架的加热元件，使应用于所述叶片的所述前缘的空闲表面的粘合剂聚合。
该方法的优点是能够自动化，而不需要操作人员进行复杂干预。此外，它可以确保金属增强件在叶片前缘上的定位完全受控和可复制。
优选地，将所述叶片定位并夹持在所述叶片支架中的步骤还包括夹持所述叶片的后缘。
将所述金属增强件定位并夹紧在所述前缘增强件支架中的步骤可以包括依次将所述前缘增强件支架的横向楔子彼此分开，将所述金属增强件定位在所述前缘增强件支架的所述楔子之间，将所述金属增强件的前缘夹持在所述楔子之间，以及向所述金属增强件的凸缘施加吸力以夹紧所述凸缘。
在将所述金属增强件定位并夹紧在所述前缘增强件支架中的步骤之后和在将所述金属增强件定位到所述叶片的所述前缘上之前，该方法还可以包括以下步骤：将所述前缘增强件支架的所述横向楔子彼此隔开，从而打开所述金属增强件的凸缘。
在将所述前缘增强件支架的所述横向楔子彼此隔开的步骤之前，在所述前缘增强件支架上可以组装附加的楔子，从而限制所述横向楔子隔开的程度。
叶片可以由碳纤维复合材料制成，金属增强件可以基于钛。
本发明还提供了利用如上所述的方法将金属增强件固定到涡轮喷气发动机风扇叶片的前缘上的应用。
附图说明
通过下面参考附图进行的描述，可以理解本发明的其他特征和优点，这些附图显示了实施方式，不具有限制性。在这些附图中：
图1是涡轮喷气发动机风扇叶片的示意图，叶片的前缘上设置有金属增强件；
图2至图15显示了通过本发明的工具将金属增强件固定到叶片前缘上的方法中的不同步骤；
图16是用于将前缘增强件支撑在本发明的工具中的横向楔子的侧视图，显示了它的吸力格栅；
图17是本发明的工具的前缘增强件支架的底部截面图，显示了它的加热元件；以及
图18是用于将前缘增强件支撑在本发明的工具中的横向楔子的纵向截面图，显示了它的加热元件。
具体实施方式
本发明适用于将金属增强件固定在任意涡轮发动机叶片的前缘上。本发明的优选应用是将由钛制成的增强件固定到由碳纤维复合材料制成的涡轮喷气发动机叶片的前缘上，如图1所示。
按照已知的方式，由复合材料制成的涡轮喷气发动机叶片2包括翼面4，该翼面4包括吸力侧表面4a和压力侧表面4b。压力侧表面和吸力侧表面在前缘6和后缘8之间延伸。叶片还包括用于安装在转子轮盘上的叶根10。
通过立体裁剪(draping)或编织复合材料获得复合材料叶片2。举例来说，复合材料可以是碳纤维集合，所述碳纤维集合通过称为树脂传递模塑(RTM)的注射法编制和模塑。
叶片2还具有金属结构增强件300，该金属结构增强件300胶粘结合到前缘6上，在叶根10和叶尖12之间延伸。
为了将金属增强件固定到这种叶片的前缘6上面，本发明准备要依赖于特殊工具。该工具由两个独立的主要元件组成，即叶片支架100和前缘增强件支架200。
如图2所示，叶片支架100包括吸力侧半壳体102(图2和图3)和压力侧半壳体104(特别在图4和图5中可见)，所述半壳体包括固定在一起的两个独立元件。
吸力侧半壳体102具有的凹槽106的形状与叶片的吸力侧表面4a的形状互补。同样，压力侧半壳体104具有的凹槽的形状与叶片的压力侧表面的形状互补(图中未显示)。
叶片支架100的半壳体102和104以以下方式配置：当叶片2如图4和图5所示那样位于半壳体102和104之间时，只有叶片前缘6的压力侧表面和吸力侧表面保持完全空闲。这些表面的范围对应于将要固定金属增强件的区域。
叶片支架100的两个半壳体102和104可以-举例来说-通过螺母和螺栓系统108组装在一起，当拧紧时，螺母和螺栓系统108夹紧位于半壳体之间的叶片2。
如图9至图14所示，工具的前缘增强件支架200通过-举例来说-螺栓206压缩形成底部的基座202，固定至底部202的两个侧壁204，以及位于由底部202和侧壁204限定的空间之内的两个横向楔子208。
更确切地，两个横向楔子208由空间210使彼此横向隔开，空间210的大体形状基本上与将被用于叶片前缘的金属增强件的轮廓相对应。
此外，两个横向楔子208适于横向朝着彼此移动和从彼此移开。在图9所示的实施例中，通过弹簧212在每个横向楔子上施加推力以使它们朝另一个横向楔子移动，两个楔子208横向移动，除了施加压力阶段，这些弹簧在所有的使用阶段中通过保持螺丝214保持在缩回位置。根据将要应用到位于楔子之间的金属增强件上的压力的选定水平，对这些弹簧212进行评价和定位。
当然，也可以想到使横向楔子朝着彼此移动和从彼此移开的其他装置。例如，可以使用充气囊或液压制动器，所述充气囊或液压制动器在楔子上施加横向压力以使它们移动。
每个横向楔子208还具有位于其侧面上的吸力格栅(或者格子)216，该吸力格栅限定用于接收金属增强件的空间210。每个吸力格栅216连接至通往工具外部的吸力回路(未显示)。如图16所示，显示了横向楔子208的侧面图，外围垫圈218可以围绕吸力格栅216设置。
此外，前缘增强件支架200还包括加热元件220，该加热元件220用于当应用在叶片的前缘上的粘合剂薄层位于金属增强件中时使所述粘合剂薄层聚合。
更确切地，如图17和图18所示，加热元件220设置在用于前缘增强件的支架的底部202内(图17显示了底部的截面图)，并设置在每个横向楔子208内(图18显示了横向楔子的纵向截面图)。在附图所示的实施例中，这些加热元件的形式是循环导热流体的回路220。当然，可以想到其他加热元件，例如电阻电路或感应加热电路。
前缘增强件支架200还包括与金属增强件的前缘啮合的夹具222，该夹具插入到底部202和一个横向楔子208之间。该夹具222的作用是当金属增强件的前缘位于前缘增强件支架中时将金属增强件的前缘夹在其参考位置中。
根据以上描述，可以理解借助上述工具将金属增强件固定到叶片前缘上的方法。
在固定方法的第一步骤中，通过将其吸力侧表面4a放置到吸力侧半壳体中的凹槽106上，叶片2被设置在叶片支架100的吸力侧半壳体102上(图2和图3)。
接下来的步骤是通过将该半壳体的凹槽定位到叶片的压力侧表面4b上，将压力侧半壳体104安装到叶片上(图4)。
接下来将用于拧紧叶片的叶根的楔子110放置到叶片的叶根10上(图5)，通过拧紧螺母和螺栓系统108将叶片夹到叶片支架100中。使用扭力扳手控制该拧紧力。
所述方法接下来的步骤是夹紧叶片的后缘8。为此，叶片支架100具有多个后缘楔子112，所述多个后缘楔子112插入到叶片后缘和压力侧半壳体104之间(图6和图7)。
通过夹紧叶片后缘，保证在叶片太薄的情况下将叶片保持在叶片支架中适当位置。此外，使用多个后缘夹紧楔子112的作用是保证与叶片后缘在多个点上接触，不管叶片的轮廓是否具有任何潜在缺陷。
因此，叶片2被定位并正确地夹在工具的叶片支架100中，同时保持叶片的前缘的表面完全空闲。
在接下来的步骤中，将要固定到叶片前缘6上的金属增强件300被定位到工具的前缘增强件支架200中。
为此，如图10所示，前缘增强件支架的横向楔子208从彼此隔开(在该实施例中手动隔开)，从而使金属增强件300能够被定位到它们之间，位于空间210中。用于金属增强件前缘的夹具222在这个阶段的作用是使金属增强件300的前缘302在楔子之间被夹紧在它的参考位置中。
一旦金属增强件在前缘增强件支架上定位，手动将楔子208朝着彼此移动，由此它们各自的侧面与金属增强件的凸缘304(或侧面)接触，并且楔子的吸力格栅投入运行，从而确保金属支架的凸缘304通过吸力被抓紧(图11)。
接下来在侧壁204和楔子208之间的前缘增强件支架上设置附加楔子224(图12)。这些附加楔子在接下来的打开步骤中用于限制前缘增强件支架的所述楔子208从金属增强件的凸缘隔开的程度，以及用于控制用于施加压力的弹簧212的行程，并由此控制它们产生的力。
金属增强件300的凸缘304借助吸力与楔子208的侧面保持接触，在接下来的步骤中楔子208的隔开，导致金属增强件的所述凸缘304张开，由此使叶片的前缘能够被插入(图13和图14)。为了克服金属增强件的凸缘的阻力，所述隔开借助楔子打开螺丝(图中未显示)实现，能够从前缘增强件支架的侧壁204接触所述楔子打开螺丝。
在将叶片2的前缘6定位到金属增强件300的凸缘304之间之前，有必要在叶片前缘的不与叶片支架啮合的表面上应用粘合剂14(图8)。为此，可以在叶片的前缘上应用粘合剂薄层。替代地，可以向金属增强件中的空腔的底部应用形式为膏剂的粘合剂，在组装期间，工具移动的作用是将粘合剂扩散到前缘的将接收粘合剂的整个表面上。此外，替代地，一旦金属增强件被放置到叶片的前缘上，就可以注射液体粘合剂。
在此之后，通过将叶片支架100安装到前缘增强件支架200上，叶片2的前缘6被定位到金属增强件300的凸缘304之间。考虑到叶片前缘的扭曲形状，所述组装需要平移运动和旋转运动的组合。
拧紧螺丝114接下来的作用是在叶片支架100和前缘增强件支架200之间提供夹紧力，并在金属增强件300的前缘302下面施加压力。因此，粘合剂薄层在金属增强件的尖端被压缩到它的最终尺寸。
此后，接下来的步骤是(通过拧松楔子的打开螺丝，然后拧松保持弹簧212的螺丝214)再次将前缘增强件支架的楔子208朝着彼此移动，由此在金属增强件的凸缘304上施加压力。通过调节弹簧212的数量，通过调节它们的刚度，以及通过所选择的压缩水平，可以根据要求调节通过这种方式施加的压力。
此外，在前缘增强件支架上存在用于终止它的横向楔子的行程的行程终止桥台，从而能够保证粘合剂薄层的厚度。更确切地，特别是图9所示，每个楔子208具有形成行程终止桥台的肩部226，当楔子208朝着彼此移动时，所述肩部抵靠在叶片或叶片支架上。此外，前缘增强件支架的底部202还包括两个形成行程终止桥台的肩部228，当楔子208朝着彼此移动时，所述肩部抵靠在楔子208上。
在这个在金属增强件的凸缘上施加压力的步骤中，凸缘继续被吸力抓紧，从而在凸缘闭合失败的情况下保证金属增强件的位置。
(在金属增强件的凸缘上施加压力的步骤之前或之后)前缘增强件支架200的加热元件220投入运行，从而开始粘合剂薄层聚合周期(引起温度上升，保持，然后下降)。
一旦粘合剂聚合，组件冷却下来，可以将叶片的前缘覆盖在金属增强件中的叶片从工具释放。为此，前缘增强件支架的楔子再次从彼此隔开，前缘夹具被释放，并且叶片支架从前缘增强件支架分离。最后，通过拆开叶片支架的两个半壳体，将叶片从叶片支架取下。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于将金属增强件(300)固定到涡轮发动机叶片(2)的前缘(6)上的工具，所述工具包括：
叶片支架(100)，该叶片支架用于接收叶片，同时保持所述叶片的所述前缘的表面空闲；以及
前缘增强件支架(200)，所述叶片支架设计为安装在所述前缘增强件支架上，并且所述前缘增强件支架包括两个横向楔子(208)，所述叶片的所述前缘的所述金属增强件定位在所述横向楔子之间，所述楔子适于能够朝着彼此移动和从彼此移开，并且每个所述楔子设置有用于抓住所述金属增强件的吸力格栅(216)，所述前缘增强件支架还包括加热元件(220)，所述加热元件用于当应用在所述叶片的所述前缘的表面上的粘合剂薄层(14)位于所述金属增强件上时使所述粘合剂薄层聚合；
其中所述前缘增强件支架还包括形成行程终止桥台的肩部(226，228)，当楔子(208)朝着彼此移动时，所述肩部抵靠在叶片或叶片支架上或楔子208上。
2.如权利要求1所述的工具，其中所述叶片支架(100)包括吸力侧半壳体(102)，压力侧半壳体(104)，以及用于在所述压力侧半壳体和所述吸力侧半壳体之间施加拧紧力的装置(108)，所述吸力侧半壳体具有的凹槽(106)的形状与所述叶片的吸力侧表面的形状互补，所述压力侧半壳体具有的凹槽的形状与所述叶片的压力侧表面的形状互补。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的工具，其中所述叶片支架还包括用于夹紧所述叶片的后缘(8)的楔子(112)。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的工具，其中所述前缘增强件支架(200)包括用于使所述楔子朝着彼此移动或从彼此移开的装置。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的工具，其中所述前缘增强件支架(200)的所述加热元件包括用于循环导热流体的回路(220)。
6.一种利用如权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的工具将金属增强件固定到涡轮发动机叶片的前缘上的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
将所述叶片(2)定位并夹持在所述工具的叶片支架(100)中，同时保持所述叶片的所述前缘(6)的表面空闲；
向所述叶片的所述前缘的空闲表面应用粘合剂薄层(14)；
将所述金属增强件(300)定位并抓紧在所述工具的所述前缘增强件支架(200)中；
通过将所述叶片支架安装在所述前缘增强件支架上，将所述金属增强件定位到所述叶片的所述前缘上；
对所述金属增强件的凸缘(304)施加压力；以及
通过所述工具的所述前缘增强件支架的所述加热元件(220)，使应用于所述叶片的所述前缘的空闲表面的所述粘合剂薄层聚合。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中将所述叶片定位并夹持在所述叶片支架中的步骤还包括夹持所述叶片(2)的后缘(8)。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中将所述金属增强件定位并夹紧在所述前缘增强件支架中的步骤包括依次将所述前缘增强件支架的所述横向楔子(208)彼此分开，将所述金属增强件定位在所述前缘增强件支架的所述楔子之间，将所述金属增强件的前缘(302)夹持在所述楔子之间，以及向所述金属增强件的凸缘(304)施加吸力以抓紧所述凸缘。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法，在将所述金属增强件定位并抓紧在所述前缘增强件支架中的步骤之后和在将所述金属增强件定位到所述叶片的所述前缘上之前，该方法还包括以下步骤：将所述前缘增强件支架的所述横向楔子彼此隔开从而打开所述金属增强件的所述凸缘。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中在将所述前缘增强件支架的所述横向楔子(208)彼此隔开的步骤之前，在所述前缘增强件支架上组装附加的楔子(224)从而限制所述横向楔子隔开的程度。
11.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述叶片(2)由碳纤维复合材料制成，所述金属增强件(300)基于钛。
12.一种利用如权利要求6所述的方法将金属增强件固定到涡轮喷气发动机风扇叶片的前缘上的应用。
CN201480025711.2A 2013-05-06 2014-04-28 用于将金属增强件固定到涡轮发动机叶片前缘上的装置以及使用该装置的方法 Active CN105189090B (zh)

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