CN105188728B - 用于肾靶向的肽和肽-活性物质-缀合物 - Google Patents
用于肾靶向的肽和肽-活性物质-缀合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105188728B CN105188728B CN201480025638.9A CN201480025638A CN105188728B CN 105188728 B CN105188728 B CN 105188728B CN 201480025638 A CN201480025638 A CN 201480025638A CN 105188728 B CN105188728 B CN 105188728B
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Abstract
本发明涉及肽,其大于50%由式‑(An‑Bm‑Co)‑的序列区段组成,以及涉及包含所述肽和至少一种共价结合的活性物质的缀合物,和用于制备所述缀合物的方法。此外,本发明涉及所述肽和缀合物用于肾靶向的用途,以及包含所述肽或缀合物的药物。
Description
本发明涉及肽,其大于50%由式-(An-Bm-Co)-的序列区段组成,以及涉及包含所述肽和至少一种共价结合的活性物质的缀合物和用于制备所述缀合物的方法。此外,本发明涉及所述肽和缀合物用于肾靶向的用途,以及包含所述肽或缀合物的药物。
肾特别地对于各种不同物质的运输和排泄和在激素产生方面具有意义。肾的一个功能是通过尿的形成从身体排泄新陈代谢的最终产物,所谓的尿除(harnpflichtigen)物质,和有毒物质,尿最后经由尿道从身体排泄出。肾脏使水平衡并因此有助于长期的血压调节。它通过尿组成的控制调节电解质平衡和酸碱平衡。此外,肾对于身体的中间代谢是一个重要的器官(它促进糖异生)。肾产生激素,例如用于造血的促红细胞生成素,并且是肽类激素的降解地。但是,肾的许多功能自身也被激素所控制。
现在,大约2亿8千万人患有慢性肾疾病。已经发展了许多诊断和治疗方法。例如,为了医治肾或为了影响肾功能,采用了免疫抑制剂、细胞生长抑制剂、免疫治疗剂、消炎剂、抗生素、病毒生长抑制剂、抗高血压药、排尿酸药或利尿剂。然而,用于治疗肾疾病的药物的使用或定剂量经常由于药物的副作用所限制。因此,特别重要的是,药物尽可能针对性地到达肾中。
同样,以成像方法描绘肾也具有重大意义。
借助于已建立的核医学和放射学方法例如计算机体层摄影术(CT)、SPECT(单光子发射计算机体层摄影术)、PET(正电子发射体层摄影术)、超声波和MRT(磁共振体层摄影术),可以在通过所谓的分子成像描绘形态结构之外,描绘酶过程、代谢过程、决定基因的表达和分子反应。上面提到的成像方式可以可能进一步通过计算机体层摄影术的和光学的成像方法(近红外成像,荧光体层摄影术)加以补充。分子成像的重点目前还在于癌症、神经病学问题的诊断和基因治疗的控制,然而,在未来将扩大到其中细胞的改变必须尽可能早地被发现的所有领域。
对于成像方法,作为信号源,通常将“信号分子”与“载体分子”偶联。所述“载体分子”负责尽可能有针对性的靶向,通过它例如特异地与靶细胞结合或被捕获在靶细胞中。例如,载体分子可以是受体的配体或是酶的底物。“信号分子”可以借助于一种或多种成像技术变得可见。信号分子的示例为例如络合剂或螯合剂,其金属离子可以通过成像技术被检测到。由信号分子与载体分子形成的化合物或缀合物被称为“诊断剂”。
对于肾的检查,利用特别是肾闪烁显像术。这是一种核医学检查方法,其允许在静态的和动态的视角下评判肾功能。在此评判每个单个肾的血液供应、功能和排泄。它是一种已建立的用于识别肾实质疤痕的方法,特别是在儿童情况下的,并且另外有助于评判局部的和分叶的肾功能。
在静态肾闪烁显像术的情况下,通过使用放射性核素99mTc,描绘有功能能力的肾组织。在此锝例如与2,3-二巯基琥珀酸(DMSA)络合地结合。因此,静态肾闪烁显像术尤其适合于具有异常(萎缩、马蹄形肾等)或炎症后状况的肾的描绘。
与此相对,动态肾闪烁显像术检查肾功能。因此可以检查肾小球滤过率、肾血流量(RBF="renal blood flow")和根据肾功能具有问题的肾小管分泌和其清除率。
作为放射性药物,目前使用下列物质:
因此,例如不仅为了以成像方法描绘肾而且为了治疗的目的,值得希望的是,如果肾的靶向可以得到改善。
在现有技术中已经知道这样的物质,其适合于肾靶向,即适合于肾中的目标受控的运输。
例如已知,较小的内生蛋白质,例如溶菌酶(14.3kDa),可以通过肾的小球并且适合于作为用于将活性物质送达肾的运载体(Franssen等人:J.Med.Chem.35,7,1992,1246-1259;Zhang等人:Biomaterials 30,2009,第1372-1381页)。然而,不利的是,溶酶菌是比较大的分子,因此运载体对活性物质的比例是不好的。此外,发生活性物质非特异性地与许多存在的反应性侧链基团的连接。因此产生化学上不明确的活性物质-运载体-混合物。此外,蛋白质例如溶菌酶可能具有免疫原潜力。高分子蛋白质的缺点在使用低分子肽的情况下被展开。
此外,在现有文献中描述了具有大约5至20个氨基酸的各种不同的肽,其被肾选择性地吸收。在此例如涉及APASLYN和HITSLLS(Denby等人:Molecular Therapy 15,9,2007,1647-1654)或ANTPCGPYTHDCPVKR(Kumar和Deutscher:The Journal of Nuclear Medicine49,5,2008,796-803;Geng等人:Bioconjugate Chemistry 23,2012,1200-1210)。
WO 2011/009539 A1公开了活性物质-ε-聚赖氨酸-缀合物及其在肾中的高选择性富集。聚合物中的赖氨酸单元的连结通过其ε-氨基基团来进行。该化合物在肾中具有非常长的停留时间并与此相应地,相对缓慢地被降解。
因此,继续存在对这样的新的物质或载体分子(英语“Carrier”)的需要,其对肾具有尽可能高的亲和力和选择性。在此值得希望的是找到这样的物质,其本身或者也作为载体分子与其所缀合的活性物质在所测量的时期内在肾的目标细胞中是生物化学地可降解的。
本发明的任务因此是提供这样的物质,其适合于肾靶向,特别是也作为用于治疗剂或诊断剂的载体分子。
令人意外地发现,特殊氨基酸序列的肽和其活性物质-缀合物具有对于肾的非常高的选择性并且可以迅速地又被降解。所述肽可以作为与用于肾的诊断处理和/或治疗处理的信号分子例如放射性同位素和/或活性物质的缀合物来使用。
因此,本发明的目标是这样的肽,其大于50%(基于氨基酸单元的数目)由式(1)的序列区段组成,
-(An-Bm-Co)- (1)
其中
和其中
-所述肽总共拥有5至100个氨基酸单元的链长和
-所述肽的至少50%(基于氨基酸单元的数目)由氨基酸A和B组成。
根据本发明对于肽的理解为这样的化合物,其由两个或多个氨基酸通过酰胺键的连结而产生。在此,单个的氨基酸以一定的顺序(序列)连结成一条链。根据本发明,氨基酸是这样的化合物,其携带至少一个氨基基团和至少一个羧基基团。实例为天然的、生成蛋白质的氨基酸或不生成蛋白质的在生物中存在的或合成制备的氨基酸。
在根据本发明的肽中,氨基酸单元可以以D-或L-型存在。
根据本发明,所述肽包含5至100个氨基酸。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述肽具有5至40个氨基酸单元的链长,特别优选地,10至30个氨基酸的链长。
根据本发明,所述肽大于50%(基于氨基酸单元的数目)由式(1)的序列区段组成
-(An-Bm-Co)- (1)。
优选地,它大于70%,特别优选地,大于90%由式(1)的序列区段组成。
在式(1)中,A代表具有酸性侧链基团的氨基酸。在此它可以例如是天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨琥珀酸和/或半胱氨酸。优选地,它是具有羧基官能团的氨基酸,即是谷氨酸和/或天冬氨酸,特别优选地,是谷氨酸。在肽的内部,A可以代表具有酸性侧链基团的各种不同氨基酸,即例如不仅谷氨酸残基而且天冬氨酸、精氨琥珀酸和/或半胱氨酸残基在肽中可以同时存在。
在一个备选的实施方案中,肽的序列区段内具有酸性侧链基团的氨基酸A是相同的;在该情况下,例如肽的一个序列区段中式(1)的所有氨基酸代表天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨琥珀酸或半胱氨酸,在独立于上面提到的序列区段的肽的另一个区段中,A代表天冬氨酸、谷氨酸或半胱氨酸。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,肽内具有酸性侧链基团的氨基酸A是相同的;在该情况下,肽的所有氨基酸A例如表示天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨琥珀酸或半胱氨酸。
在一个优选的实施方案中,肽内的所有氨基酸A代表谷氨酸。
n在式(1)中定义氨基酸单元A的数目。在此n代表1至10的整数。优选地,n代表1至5的整数,特别优选地代表2或3。
在式(1)中,B代表具有碱性侧链基团的氨基酸。在此,它可以是例如赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸和/或鸟氨酸。优选地,它是赖氨酸。
在肽内,B可以代表具有碱性侧链基团的各种不同氨基酸,即例如不仅赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸残基和/或鸟氨酸残基在肽中可以同时存在。
在一个备选的实施方案中,肽的序列区段内具有碱性侧链基团的氨基酸B是相同的;在该情况下,例如肽的一个序列区段中式(1)的所有氨基酸B代表赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸或鸟氨酸,在独立于上面提到的序列区段的肽的另一个区段中,B代表赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸或鸟氨酸。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,肽内具有碱性侧链基团的氨基酸B是相同的;在该情况下,肽的所有氨基酸B例如代表赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸或鸟氨酸。
在一个优选的实施方案中,肽内的所有氨基酸B代表赖氨酸。
m在式(1)中定义氨基酸单元B的数目。在此m代表1至10的整数。优选地,m代表1至5的整数,特别优选地代表2或3。
在式(1)中,C代表任意氨基酸。在此,它可以是例如丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸和/或瓜氨酸。
优选地,它是生成蛋白质的氨基酸,其以天然的方式相连结。这保证了肾的近端小管细胞中肽降解成完全无需顾虑毒性的代谢物。
在肽中,C可以代表各种不同的氨基酸。
o在式(1)中定义氨基酸单元C的数目。在此o代表0至10的整数。优选地,o代表0、1或2,特别优选地o代表0或1。在一个非常特别的优选的实施方案中,o代表0,即在该情况下,在肽中不包含氨基酸单元C。
在一个优选的实施方案中,n和m相互独立地代表2或3。
根据本发明,式(1)中n:m的比例在1:3至3:1。式(1)的序列区段的示例性实施方案为:
-(A1-B3-Co)-、-(A1-B2-Co)-、-(A1-B1-Co)-、-(A2-B6-Co)-、-(A2-B5-Co)-、-(A2-B4-Co)-、-(A2-B3-Co)-、-(A2-B2-Co)-、-(A2-B1-Co)-、-(A3-B9-Co)-、-(A3-B8-Co)-、-(A3-B7-Co)-、-(A3-B6-Co)-、-(A3-B5-Co)-、-(A3-B4-Co)-、-(A3-B3-Co)-、-(A3-B2-Co)-、-(A3-B1-Co)-、-(A4-B10-Co)-、-(A4-B9-Co)-、-(A4-B8-Co)-、-(A4-B7-Co)-、-(A4-B6-Co)-、-(A4-B5-Co)-、-(A4-B4-Co)-、-(A4-B3-Co)-、-(A4-B2-Co)-、-(A5-B10-Co)-、-(A5-B9-Co)-、-(A5-B8-Co)-、-(A5-B7-Co)-、-(A5-B6-Co)-、-(A5-B5-Co)-、-(A5-B4-Co)-、-(A5-B3-Co)-、-(A5-B2-Co)-、-(A6-B10-Co)-、-(A6-B9-Co)-、-(A6-B8-Co)-、-(A6-B7-Co)-、-(A6-B6-Co)-、-(A6-B5-Co)-、-(A6-B5-Co)-、-(A6-B3-Co)-、-(A6-B2-Co)-、-(A7-B10-Co)-、-(A7-B9-Co)-、-(A7-B8-Co)-、-(A7-B7-Co)-、-(A7-B6-Co)-、-(A7-B5-Co)-、-(A7-B4-Co)-、-(A7-B3-Co)-、-(A8-B10-Co)-、-(A8-B9-Co)-、-(A8-B8-Co)-、-(A8-B7-Co)-、-(A8-B6-Co)-、-(A8-B5-Co)-、-(A8-B4-Co)-、-(A8-B3-Co)-、-(A9-B10-Co)-、-(A9-B9-Co)-、-(A9-B8-Co)-、-(A9-B7-Co)-、-(A9-B6-Co)-、-(A9-B5-Co)-、-(A9-B4-Co)-、-(A9-B3-Co)-、-(A10-B10-Co)-、-(A10-B9-Co)-、-(A10-B8-Co)-、-(A10-B7-Co)-、-(A10-B6-Co)-、-(A10-B5-Co)-或-(A10-B4-Co)-,其中A、B、C和o如上面描述的那样定义。
根据本发明,式(1)的序列例如代表选自下列的序列:
-(EKKK)-、-(EKK)-、-(EK)-、-(EEKKKKK)-、-(EEKKKK)-、-(EEKKK)-、-(EEKK)-、-(EEK)-、-(EEEKKKKK)-、-(EEEKKKK)-、-(EEEKKK)-、-(EEEKK)-、-(EEEK)-、-(EEEEKKKKK)-、-(EEEEKKKK)-、-(EEEEKKK)-、-(EEEEKK)-、-(EEEEEKKKKK)-、-(EEEEEKKKK)-、-(EEEEEKKK)-、-(EEEEEEKK)-、-(DKKK)-、-(DKK)-、-(DK)-、-(DDKKKKK)-、-(DDKKKK)-、-(DDKKK)-、-(DDKK)-、-(DDK)-、-(DDDKKKKK)-、-(DDDKKKK)-、-(DDDKKK)-、-(DDDKK)-、-(DDDK)-、-(DDDDKKKKK)-、-(DDDDKKKK)-、-(DDDDKKK)-、-(DDDDKK)-、-(DDDDDKKKKK)-、-(DDDDDKKKK)-、-(DDDDDKKK)-、-(DDDDDDKK)-、-(ERRR)-、-(ERR)-、-(ER)-、-(EERRRRR)-、-(EERRRR)-、-(EERRR)-、-(EERR)-、-(EER)-、-(EEERRRRR)-、-(EEERRRR)-、-(EEERRR)-、-(EEERR)-、-(EEER)-、-(EEEERRRRR)-、-(EEEERRRR)-、-(EEEERRR)-、-(EEEERR)-、-(EEEEERRRRR)-、-(EEEEERRRR)-、-(EEEEERRR)-、-(EEEEEERR)-、-(EKRK)-、-(ERK)-、-(EDKKRRK)-、-(EDKKKK)-、-(ECKKH)-、-(EDKK)-、-(DEEKKKHK)-、-(EDDKKKK)-、-(EDERRR)-、-(DCEKH)-、-(DEEK)-、-(DEDERKRKR)-、-(DEEDKKKH)-、-(EDCEKRH)-、-(EDDEKK)-、-(EEEEEKKRRK)-、-(EEEEDKKRK)-、-(EDDEEKKR)-、-(DDEEEEKK)-,其中各自使用氨基酸的单个字母:E(谷氨酸)、D(天冬氨酸)、C(半胱氨酸)、K(赖氨酸)、R(精氨酸)、H(组氨酸)。
优选地,式(1)的序列代表选自包括-(KKEEE)-、-(RREEE)-、-(KKEE)-、-(KKKEEE)-和-(KKKEE)-的组的序列。
特别优选地,式(1)的序列代表序列-(KKEEE)-:
根据本发明,肽的至少50%(基于氨基酸单元的数目)由氨基酸A和B组成。
优选地,肽的至少70%,特别优选地,至少80%(基于氨基酸单元的数目)由氨基酸A和B组成。
总共地,根据本发明,肽中式(1)的序列区段可以包含1至50次,优选地1至30次,特别优选地1至10次,尤其优选地2至5次。
在一个可能的实施方案中,所述肽包含多个直接地连续的式(1)的序列区段。优选地,所述肽包含3至5个连续的式(1)的序列区段。例如,所述肽可以由3至5个连续的式(1)的序列区段以及一个或多个其他的C-末端和/或N-末端氨基酸组成。这在式(2)中加以说明:
Xp(AnBmCo)xYq (2)
其中,A,B,C,n,m和o如上面所定义,
x表示3、4或5,
X和Y相互独立地表示任意氨基酸,优选地表示A,
和p和q相互独立地0至3之间的整数,优选地表示0或1。
对于可能的肽的实例为选自包括(RREEE)3R、(KKEE)5K、(KKKEE)3K、(KKKEEE)3K和(KKEEE)3K的组的肽。
本发明的另一个目标还是这样的缀合物,其包含至少一个如上面定义的肽,和至少一个共价地,可选地通过间隔子,相结合的活性物质。
根据本发明,每个根据本发明的缀合物可以结合一个或多个相同的或不同的活性物质分子。
同样,根据本发明的缀合物可以,特别在大分子例如较大的活性物质分子,例如蛋白质的情况下,也包含两个或多个与活性物质分子相结合的肽,以使活性物质的肾特异性富集成为可能。典型地,在此也进行肽与大分子的共价连接。根据本发明,不仅大的分子例如蛋白质,而且任何形式的颗粒(例如,纳米颗粒)、脂质体或其他系统,用其可以运输活性物质或用其可以结合活性物质,被视为大分子。
根据本发明对于活性物质的理解为这样的任何物质,其可以与寡聚体相偶联,以便用于诊断处理和/或治疗处理。根据本发明,在此,它不仅可以是信号分子,而且可以是“经典”的活性物质。
根据本发明,活性物质或活性物质分子符合德国药物条例的物质,其为此被确认为,在药物的制备中将作为药物有效成分使用或在其在药物制备的应用中将成为药物有效成分(AMG§4(19))。活性物质通常在生物中引起特殊的效应。根据本发明的活性物质典型地为药学有效分子或药物,例如免疫抑制剂例如硫唑嘌呤、吗替麦考酚酯、环孢素、他克莫司、西罗莫司、芬戈莫德或雷公藤甲素;细胞生长抑制剂例如阿曲生坦、尼达尼布(Nintedanib)、博来霉素、放线菌素D、丝裂霉素、柔红霉素、多柔比星、表柔比星、伊达比星、米托蒽醌、安吖啶、去氧氟尿苷(Doxofluridin)、顺铂、卡铂、奥沙利铂、沙铂、喜树碱、托泊替康、伊立替康、依托泊甙、替尼泊甙、环磷酰胺、曲磷胺、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、雌莫司汀、白消安、苯丁酸氮芥、氮芥、曲奥舒凡、卡莫司汀、洛莫司汀、尼莫司汀、丙卡巴肼、链佐星、达卡巴嗪、异环磷酰胺、替莫唑胺、塞替派、长春瑞滨、长春新碱、长春碱、长春地辛、紫杉醇、多西他赛、甲氨喋呤、培美曲塞、雷替曲塞、氟尿嘧啶、卡培他滨、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、吉西他滨、硫鸟嘌呤、喷司他丁、巯嘌呤、氟达拉滨、克拉屈滨、羟基脲、米托坦、阿扎胞苷、阿糖胞苷、奈拉滨、硼替佐米,阿那格雷类,特别是蛋白激酶抑制剂例如伊马替尼、厄洛替尼、舒尼替尼、索拉非尼、达沙替尼、拉帕替尼或尼洛替尼;免疫治疗剂例如西妥昔单抗、阿仑珠单抗和贝伐珠单抗;消炎剂例如萘普生、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、泼尼松龙、泼尼松、氢化可的松或布地奈德;抗生素,特别是青霉素类例如青霉素、甲氧西林或阿莫西林,头孢菌素类例如头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟、头孢羟氨苄或头孢克肟,D-内酰胺酶抑制剂例如克拉维酸、舒巴坦或三唑巴坦,碳青霉烯类例如亚胺培南或美罗培南,单酰胺环类例如氨曲南,四环素类例如四环素、金霉素、土霉素、多西环素、米诺环素或替吉环素,大环内脂类抗生素例如红霉素A,糖肽类抗生素例如万古霉素,烯二炔类例如卡奇霉素;病毒生长抑制剂例如阿昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦、溴夫定、西多福韦、膦甲酸、碘苷或曲金刚胺;抗高血压药特别是ACE抑制剂例如贝那普利、卡托普利、西拉普利、依那普利、福辛普利、赖诺普利、培哚普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、群多普利或佐芬普利,沙坦类例如氯沙坦、缬沙坦(Balsartan)、厄贝沙坦、坎地沙坦、依普罗沙坦、奥美沙坦或替米沙坦,肾素抑制剂例如阿利吉仑和β-受体阻滞剂例如普萘洛尔(Proproanolol)、吲哚洛尔、索他洛尔、波吲洛尔、阿替洛尔、比索洛尔(Bisorpolol)、塞利洛尔、艾司洛尔、美托洛尔、奈必洛尔、氧烯洛尔、卡维地洛尔或拉贝洛尔;排尿酸药例如丙磺舒或苯溴马隆或利尿剂例如乙酰唑胺、呋塞米、托拉塞米、布美他尼、吡咯他尼、阿佐塞米、依他尼酸、依托唑啉、氢氯噻嗪、苄噻嗪、氯噻嗪、氯噻酮、吲达帕胺、美夫西特、美托拉宗、氯帕胺、希帕胺、氢氟噻嗪、甲氯噻嗪、泊利噻嗪、阿米洛利、三氨蝶啶、螺内酯、坎利酮、依普利酮或螺内酯;抗纤维化药例如吡非尼酮或塞利西利。
其他抗肿瘤剂例如对增殖中的细胞有效应的物质,根据本发明同样是活性物质。示例性的抗肿瘤剂包括细胞因子例如白介素-2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子等,凝集素-炎症反应促进剂(选择素)例如L-选择素、E-选择素、P-选择素等,以及类似的分子。
除了活性物质分子外或者代替活性物质分子,可以在根据本发明的缀合物上也结合其他官能团,例如用于诊断或成像方法的官能团。
同样,作为官能团,可以通过可选的间隔子嵌入含氟侧链。借助于19F-核磁共振成像术,因此可以描绘肾中相应分子的富集。特别有利地,在此是高度对称地安排的氟原子,其具有统一的共振频率。为了改善19F-信号,可以使用在核自旋体层摄影术中常见的造影剂例如钆布醇
同样,可以在缀合物中包含络合剂作为“活性物质”。根据本发明,络合剂是任何这样的分子结构,其能够络合金属离子,即与金属离子形成金属-螯合剂-络合物。络合剂经常也被称为螯合剂。对于根据本发明适宜的络合剂的实例为EDTA、NOTA、TETA、亚氨基二乙酸、DOTA或DTPA。根据本发明,特别优选的是这样的络合剂,其结合金属离子,其可以在SPECT、PET、CT或MRT-测量中被检测到。优选的络合剂为DOTA或DTPA或其衍生物。根据本发明,络合剂不仅是已经与金属离子结合的分子,也是可以与金属离子结合,但在当前阶段尚未结合的分子。
用于与络合剂结合的根据本发明适宜的金属离子为例如Fe2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Cr3+、Gd3 +、Eu3+、Dy3+、La3+、Yb3+和/或Mn2+或者放射性核素的离子,例如γ-发射体、正电子发射体、俄歇电子发射体、α-辐射体和荧光发射体,例如51Cr、67Ga、68Ga、111In、99mTc、140La、175Yb、153Sm、166Ho、88Y、90Y、149Pm、177Lu、47Sc、142Pr、159Gd、212Bi、72As、72Se、97Ru、109Pd、105Rh、101mRh、119Sb、128Ba、197Hg、211At、169Eu、203Pb、212Pb、64Cu、67Cu、188Re、186Re、198Au和/或199Ag。
对于适宜的金属离子和其各自的应用的实例为:
·111In,用于SPECT
·68Ga,用于PET
·90Y,用于治疗
·Gd、Eu、Mn,用于MRT
·钽、钨或其他具有较高原子序数的元素,用于计算机体层摄影术
如果根据本发明的缀合物包含络合剂,那么特别有利地,它是钆或锰或其他借助于在根据本发明的缀合物上存在的络合剂成为一体的专业人员已知的强顺磁金属离子。适宜的络合剂在此为如DOTA和DTPA。
此外,可以也任选地通过间隔子,缀合络合剂,例如羟基喹啉残基、硫脲残基、胍残基、二硫代氨基甲酸盐残基、异羟肟酸残基、偕胺肟残基、氨基磷酸残基、(环)聚氨基残基、巯基残基,1,3-二羰基残基和冠醚残基,具有部分地,相对于不同金属的离子而言非常特殊的活性。
也可以使对于细胞特异性靶向的官能团例如抗体、抗体片段或适配体与根据本发明的缀合物相结合。也可以结合荧光色素或白介素例如IL-2。
活性物质、肽、络合剂或其他官能团可以直接地或通过间隔子共价地与肽结合。
间隔子,通常也称为连接子,引起分子的两个部分之间的共价结合,在本情况下例如在肽与活性物质之间。例如当两个分子部分之间的结合不应仅仅是通过直接的化学键合实现,而是应当在两个分子部分之间产生一定的距离,则引入间隔子。同样,间隔子可以提供必需的化学官能团,以连接否则不互相反应的分子的两个部分。优选地,间隔子与载体分子或活性物质的缀合通过酰胺键或酯键来实现。间隔子可以例如是脂族烃、聚醚(例如聚乙二醇)、肽或类似的具有链结构的成分。间隔子可以是稳定的,即在生理条件下不分裂或仅微不足道地分裂的,或者它可以是不稳定的,即它至少在一定的生理条件下是可分裂的。
通过其可以实现直接连接的官能团的实例是-NH2、-SH、-OH、-Hal(例如,-Cl、-Br、-I),-炔基、-NCS,-NCO、SO2Cl、-叠氮基、-碳酸酯、-醛基、-环氧基、-COOH、-COOR,其中R在该情况下优选地为卤素或优选地为活化剂,即良好的离去基团,例如N-琥珀酰亚胺、五氟苯基或对硝基苯基。关于可能的共价偶联方式的概况例如在“Bioconjugate Techniques”,Greg T.Hermanson,Academic Press,1996在第137至165页上找到。
例如,在根据本发明的缀合物的情况下,活性物质通过可分裂的连接子相结合。然后,该连接子在一定的条件下,例如酶促的或化学的,在体内分裂并释放活性物质。为了该目的,包含碳酸酯键和二硫键的连接子是适宜的,其中酯基团被酶促或化学地水解并且后者通过二硫化物交换,例如在谷胱甘肽存在下被分开。
对于可分裂的间隔子的实例也是肽,其可以有针对性地,借助于特异的、内生的但也可以是添加给身体的酶被分裂。因此例如肽序列DEVD(Asp-Glu-Val-Asp)在凋亡诱导后被胱天蛋白-3分裂。因此可以例如通过一种这样的间隔子结合的活性物质,在肾中一定的停留时间后从肾去除,或者也可以检查肾的相应功能(某种酶的存在或缺乏)。其他实例是肽序列CPEN↓FFWGGGG(Salinas等人,2008,Biomaterials 29,2370-2377)或PENFF,其可以通过基质金属蛋白酶-13被分裂。
可分裂间隔子的一个简单的实施方案是碳酸酯的形成,其可以通过酯酶容易地被裂开。
因此,在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,活性物质通过酯键相结合。这使肾中活性物质分子的精确分裂成为可能。然而,同时该连结首先对于在肾中的运输是足够稳定的,从而避免过早的分裂。
此外,活性物质与活性物质运载体的易分裂的酯连结使活性物质在目的地的相对快速的释放成为可能。酯连结的分裂比通过蛋白酶的活性物质运载体的降解在时间上更快地进行。
备选地,间隔子可以包含酸不稳定结构,例如腙、亚胺、羧基腙、缩醛或缩酮(参见例如Haag-R,Kratz-F,Angewandte Chemie第1218页(2006))。
为了缀合具有脂肪族或芳香族羟基基团的活性物质,碳酸酯是有利的。它能够从相应的醇或酚通过与氯甲酸酯的反应简单地且以高产率合成。在此特别有利的是,与包含三键的氯甲酸酯,例如炔丙基氯甲酸酯的反应(CAS-Nummer 35718-08-2)。通过如此插入的三键,能够将酶促地容易分裂的碳酸酯与嵌入肽寡聚体中的叠氮化物通过1,3-偶极环加成,所谓的Huisgen反应,简单地和在非常温和的条件下相连结。
这同样适用于借助于氯甲酸酯的脂肪族或芳香族氨基基团的缀合。在此,代替碳酸酯,形成相应的氨基甲酸酯,其同样通过酯酶可容易地分裂。在此,包含三键的与氯甲酸酯的连结,也是特别有利的。
根据本发明,至少一个活性物质可以与肽的N-末端和/或C-末端相结合。
在一个备选的实施方案中,活性物质可以与链中的氨基酸相结合。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,链中的活性物质可以在氨基酸之间结合。
根据本发明的肽和其活性物质-缀合物被肾高选择地吸收并相对快地降解。通过肽的链长和分子构造的适宜选择,以及通过活性物质在肽上的连结点的适宜选择,在此能够调节所希望的药物代谢动力学,即所希望的在目的地(即在肾中)的活性物质释放。
典型地,较长的肽导致相比于用较短的肽而言延迟的释放。较长的肽具有例如20至40个氨基酸,优选地30个氨基酸的链长,而较短的肽,理解为典型地3至10个氨基酸,优选地5个氨基酸的链长。
C-末端连结的活性物质的释放比N-末端连结的活性物质的释放明显更快。不束缚于该理论,猜测速率决定步骤在肽降解的情况下首先受羧肽酶影响,其从C-末端开始降解肽。
根据本发明,以分支嵌入链中的活性物质也比线性连结的明显更慢地释放。支化肽结构的酶促降解原则上比线性肽的降解明显更困难。
此外,根据本发明,活性物质的释放速率也由其与寡聚体连结的方式所控制。容易分裂的酯键使活性物质在目的地的相对快速的释放成为可能(见上)。
本发明的目标还有用于制备如上所述的缀合物的方法,其特征在于,使可选地活化的活性物质缀合到肽上。
根据本发明的缀合物的制备典型地至少具有下列的方法步骤:
a)提供根据本发明的肽,其具有至少一个反应性基团,
b)使至少一个可选地活化的活性物质与来自步骤a)的肽相缀合。
在根据本发明的方法的一个实施方案中,如果所述缀合物包含络合剂作为活性物质,那么在另一个步骤c)中,使在步骤b)中获得的化合物与金属盐相接触,从而金属离子被络合剂络合。
根据本发明的缀合物的肽可以特别地以各种不同的、肽合成领域中的专业人员已知的方法来制备。
典型地,制备通过固相合成来进行。固相,根据本发明为有机的、无机的或有机/无机的复合材料,其可以作为树脂或载体在固相合成中使用。此外,根据本发明,模制品(例如微滴定板)的表面或颗粒材料(例如有机或无机纳米颗粒、金属颗粒等)也被看作是固相。
固相合成按照传统的肽合成来进行(例如Fmoc/tBu-肽-合成或Boc/苄基-肽合成)。此类固相合成是专业人员已知的。对于肽合成的合适教科书为Sidney P.Colowick(作者),Gregg B.Fields(发行人),Melvin I.Simon(发行人)的“Solid-Phase PeptideSynthesis”:289(Methods in Enzymology),Academic Press Inc(1997年11月)或W.Chan(作者),W.C.Chan(发行人),Peter D.White(发行人)的“Fmoc Solid Phase PeptideSynthesis:A Practical Approach”,Oxford Univ Pr(2000年3月2日)。在此如此来选择各自使用的单体,从而能够按照本发明产生肽。视氨基酸单元的类型而定,为了合成,可以直接使用衍生的氨基酸单元或首先在为衍生而预定的位置上受到保护的氨基酸单元。在完成肽的合成后,则可以还在固相上或者在从固相裂解入溶液中后进行用活性物质的最后衍生。
活性物质的连接在该情况下优选地在完成的肽上进行,即或者在肽的固相合成进行后还在固相上或者在其裂解入溶液中后。
如果活性物质应当例如与肽的N-末端相结合,那么将产生典型地具有氨基末端保护基团(例如Fmoc)的肽。只要活性物质可以经受住所使用的条件,从而一方面从合成树脂分裂肽和另一方面保护侧链,则可以从完整的树脂结合的肽的N-末端分裂Fmoc-基团,从而活性物质可以与自由的N-末端胺相结合。在这样的情况下,活性物质典型地通过技术中通常为此已知的方法被活化,即它产生完全有效的活性酯基团或活性碳酸酯基团,从而与寡聚体-氨基基团形成酰胺键或氨基甲酸酯键。自然,也使用其他的连结化学。
为了使副反应最小化,可以通过使用传统的保护基团,例如苄氧羰基基团(CBZ)、二-t-BOC、PMC、Pbf,N-NO2等封阻胍基基团和氨基基团。
偶联反应通过已知的偶联方法在溶剂例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二氯甲烷和/或水进行。示例性的偶联试剂包括O-苯并三氮唑基氧基四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HATU)、二环己基碳二亚胺、溴-三吡咯烷基溴化鏻(PyBroP)等。可以包含的其他试剂,例如N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)、4-吡咯烷基吡啶、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺或N-羟基苯并三氮唑。
如果分子包含络合剂,那么可以按照已知的方法络合金属离子。
本发明基于令人意外的效应,即根据本发明的肽和缀合物例如在注射入血管后或在皮下注射后几乎仅在肾中富集。因此,根据本发明的肽和/或缀合物适合在用于肾治疗的治疗性方法中,在用于肾描绘以及用于肾靶向的成像方法中的使用。
因此本发明的目标还有如上所述的根据本发明的肽或缀合物,作为药物,如特别是治疗性组合物或图像增强组合物。
本发明的目标还有如上所述的根据本发明的肽或缀合物用于肾靶向的用途。在此,肾靶向优选地有助于使用于药物或诊断应用的药物在肾中富集,即以相比于其余身体部分而言,产生增加的在肾中的吸收。
备选地,肽也可以单独而没有结合的活性物质地在肾中富集。因此,由于其对肾的高选择性,可以通过肽的施用例如避免或至少减少在治疗背景下施用的肾有害物质的富集。
因此,本发明的目标还有如上所述的肽用于保护肾的用途。
在神经内分泌肿瘤的放射肽疗法中,例如使用物质DOTATOC。这些缀合有DOTA的八肽具有不希望的副作用,即它至大约20%被肾(即近端小管细胞,PTC)吸收。在此在肾中的损害是剂量-治疗周期受限的。DOTATOC的吸收可以下降,如果同时施用根据本发明的肽。不束缚于理论,猜测在此对DOTATOCs的吸收负责的受体(Megalin/Cubilin)被封锁在PTCs的顶端侧和因此更多的DOTATOC进入尿中。
根据本发明的缀合物用于肾靶向的用途相比于其他已知的低分子结构是有利的,这是因为这也显示在与活性物质的缀合中非常好的肾富集。与文献中描述的选择性地被肾吸收的肽(APASLYN和HITSLLS,氨基酸以单字母代码给出(Denby等人:Molecular Therapy15,9,2007,1647-1654))的比较表明,虽然大多数肽在静脉施用后具有或多或少强烈地表现出的肾选择性,然而不是在与活性物质的缀合中。然而,只有当肽与缀合的活性物质一起几乎仅被肾,即近端小管细胞所吸收,该肽结构才作为用于肾疾病治疗的运输系统的药理学使用。仅如此才产生相对于活性物质全身给药而言显著的优点。
此外,根据本发明的缀合物使这成为可能,即除了文献中描述的用于将活性物质运输入肾的肽/蛋白质的静脉给药外,根据本发明的肽-活性物质-缀合物的皮下和腹膜内给药也可以成功地送达肾。
腹膜内,和特别地皮下施用途径,对于潜在活性物质的施用相对于静脉内途径而言,对于医生和患者是有利的。
本发明的目标还有这样的药物或药物组合物,特别是治疗性或图像增强性组合物,其包含至少一种如上所述的根据本发明的肽或缀合物。
根据本发明,所述肽或缀合物也以其药学上可使用的盐或立体异构体,包括其以任何比例的混合物而存在。
根据本发明,根据本发明的肽和/或缀合物的用途还有制备药物组合物或药物,特别是治疗性组合物和/或图像增强性组合物(例如,造影剂)和/或用于核医学成像的放射性标记示踪物的用途。
根据本发明,本发明也可以涉及用于制备包含至少一种根据本发明的肽和/或缀合物的药物或药物组合物,特别是治疗性或图像增强性组合物的试剂盒。这些肽和/或缀合物然后可以视应用目的而定例如与适宜的活性物质反应以制备治疗性或图像增强性组合物。作为图像增强性组合物或造影剂或有图像增强作用的物质,根据本发明的物质或组合物被理解为,其在一定的诊断方法中改善目标器官的描绘,通常通过增加相对于周围环境的反差或相比于周围环境的目标器官信号。
此外,本发明涉及根据本发明的肽和/或缀合物,和/或其药学上可使用的盐和立体异构体,包括其以任何比例的混合物以及可能地,载体物质和/或辅助物质
-作为药物
-用于作为药物的用途
-作为活性物质或在药物中的有效成分
-作为诊断剂
-用于作为诊断剂的用途
-用于在肾靶向情况下的用途
-以及特别是作为用于治疗肾疾病的药物。
治疗性组合物、药物组合物或药物通常至少由活性物质–在该情况下根据本发明的具有经连接的活性物质的肽或缀合物–和一种或多种允许该治疗性组合物施用的适宜溶剂和/或载体物质组成。
诊断性组合物或诊断剂在诊断方法中用作图像增强性或成像组合物。诊断剂通常至少由信号源,即由成像和/或图像增强性成分构成的–在该情况下根据本发明的缀合物,其中在该情况下优选地,至少一种活性物质是络合剂–和一种或多种允许该诊断性组合物施用的适宜溶剂和/或载体物质组成。
对于诊断性应用,根据本发明的缀合物的优选地用作图像增强造影介质中的信号源,从而其可以通过核医学和/或放射学方法例如SPECT、PET、超声波和/或也通过磁共振体层摄影术、计算机体层摄影术和光学成像方法(近红外成像)被检测到。
检测方法和用于图像增强造影剂的应用是专业人员已知的。对于适宜的应用的实例是癌症诊断、神经病学问题、对疗法要求的检查,在例如自身免疫性疾病的情况下肾的损害程度的检查和基因治疗的控制,然而还有细胞改变的识别。
药物组合物或药物或药物可以针对通过任何合适途径的施用,例如适应于口服的(包括颊的或舌下的)、直肠的、鼻的、局部的(包括颊的、舌下的或经皮的)、阴道的或肠胃外的(包括皮下、肌内的、静脉内的)途径。这样的制剂可以用所有在药物专业领域内已知的方法来制备,通过例如将活性物质与载体或辅助物质聚集在一起。
适应于口服施用的药物制剂,可以以分离的单元,例如胶囊或片剂;粉剂或颗粒;以水性或非水性液体的溶液或悬浮液;可食用泡沫或泡沫食物;或水包油液体乳液或油包水液体乳液呈现。
因此,例如在以片剂或胶囊剂的形式口服施用的情况下,可以将活性物质成分与口服的、非毒性的和药学上无顾虑的惰性载体物质例如乙醇、甘油、水等相组合。这样制备粉剂,通过将化合物碾碎至适宜的精细大小并与以类似方式碾碎的药物载体物质,例如可食用的碳水化合物例如淀粉或甘露醇,相混合。同样可以存在调味剂、防腐剂、分散剂和着色剂。
这样制备胶囊剂,通过制备如上所述的粉末混合物并用此填充成形的明胶外壳。在填充工序之前,可以给粉末混合物添加润滑剂例如高度分散的硅酸、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或固体形式的聚乙二醇。同样可以添加崩解剂或增溶剂例如琼脂、碳酸钙或碳酸钠,以改善收入胶囊后药物的可动性。
此外,如果希望或必需,可以同样在混合物中添入适宜的粘合剂、润滑剂和崩解剂以及着色剂。适宜的粘合剂包括淀粉、明胶,天然糖例如葡萄糖或β-乳糖,玉米甜味剂,天然或合成橡胶例如阿拉伯胶(Akazia)、黄蓍胶(Traganth)或藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、蜡等。在这些剂型中使用的润滑剂包括油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。崩解剂包括但不限于,淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、黄原胶等。这样配制片剂,通过例如制备、粒化或干压粉末混合物,添加润滑剂和崩解剂和将全体压制成片剂。这样制备粉末混合物,通过将以适当方式碾碎的化合物与下列相混合:稀释剂或碱,如上所述的,和任选地,粘合剂例如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,溶液阻化剂例如石蜡,吸收促进剂例如季盐和/或吸收剂例如膨润土、高岭土或磷酸二钙。粉末混合物能够粒化,通过将它用粘合剂例如糖浆、淀粉糊、Acadia粘液或由纤维素材料或聚合物材料制成的溶液润湿并通过筛子压榨。作为用于粒化的备选方案,可以将粉末混合物通过压片机,其中产生不均匀地形成的结块,将其砸碎为颗粒。颗粒可以通过添加硬脂酸、一种硬脂酸盐、滑石粉或矿物油而油脂化,以阻止在片剂铸模上粘着。然后将油脂化的混合物压制成片剂。也可以将根据本发明的化合物与自由流动的惰性载体物质相组合,然后不进行粒化步骤或干压步骤直接压制成片剂。可以存在由虫胶漆片,糖或聚合物材料制成的层和由蜡制成的光泽涂层组成的透明或不透明保护层。可以给这些涂层添加着色剂,从而可以区分不同的剂量单元。
口服液体,例如溶液、糖浆和酏剂,可以以剂量单元来制备,从而给定的量包含预先给定的化合物量。糖浆能够这样制备,通过将该化合物与适宜的调味剂在水性溶液中溶解,而酏剂通过使用非毒性的醇载体来制备。悬浮液可以通过将化合物分散在非毒性的载体中来配制。同样,可以添加增溶剂和乳化剂,例如乙氧基化的异硬脂醇和聚氧乙烯山梨醇酯、防腐剂、调味添加剂例如薄荷油或天然甜味剂或糖精或其他人造甜味剂等。
同样,可以在微胶囊中包含适合于口服施用的剂量单元制剂。制剂也能够这样制备,例如通过在聚合物、蜡等中包衣或包埋颗粒材料,从而延长或延迟释放。
根据本发明的肽或缀合物也能够以脂质体供应系统,例如小单层囊泡、大单层囊泡和多层囊泡的形式施用。脂质体可以由不同的磷脂,例如胆固醇、硬脂胺或磷脂酰胆碱构成。
根据本发明的肽或缀合物也可以通过使用其上偶联肽或缀合物的作为单个载体的单克隆抗体来供应。所述肽或缀合物也可以与作为定向的药物载体的可溶聚合物相偶联。这样的聚合物可以包含用棕榈酰残基取代的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吡喃共聚物、多羟基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺苯酚、多羟基乙基天冬酰胺苯酚或聚环氧乙烷聚赖氨酸。此外,可以将化合物与一类适合于实现药物的受控释放的生物可降解聚合物,例如聚乳酸、聚-ε-己内酯、聚羟基丁酸、聚原酸酯、聚缩醛、聚二氢吡喃、聚腈基丙烯酸酯和水凝胶的交联或两亲性嵌段共聚物,相连接。
适应于经皮施用的药物制剂,可以以用于与接受者的表皮较久地、紧密地接触的独立贴剂呈现。因此可以例如借助离子透入从贴剂供应活性物质,如在PharmaceuticalResearch,3(6),318(1986)中一般性地描述的。
适应于局部施用的药物化合物可以以软膏剂、霜剂、悬浮液、洗剂、粉剂、溶液、糊剂、凝胶剂、喷雾剂、气溶胶或油剂来配制。
适应于经鼻施用的药物制剂,其中载体物质为固体,包含具有例如在20-500微米范围内的粒度的粗粉末,其以如吸收鼻烟那样的方式被施用,即通过经由鼻道从紧挨鼻子把持的具有粉末的容器的快速吸入。用于以具有液体作为载体物质的鼻喷雾剂或鼻滴剂施用的合适制剂包括在水或油中的活性物质溶液。
适应于通过吸入施用的药物制剂包括细颗粒粉尘或烟雾剂,其可以通过不同的方式从直立的具有气溶胶的剂量分配器、雾化器或吹入器在压力下产生。
适合于肠胃外施用的药物制剂归类于水性或非水性的无菌注射溶液,其包含抗氧化剂、缓冲液、细菌生长抑制剂和使制剂与待治疗的接受者的血液等渗的溶质;以及水性和非水性的无菌悬浮液,其可以包含悬浮剂和增稠剂。制剂可以以单剂量容器或多剂量容器,例如密封的安剖瓶和小瓶呈现并且以冷冻干燥的(冻干的)状态存放,从而只需要直接在使用之前,添加无菌载体液体,例如用于注射目的的水。按配方制备的注射溶液和悬浮液可以由无菌的粉剂、颗粒剂和片剂制备。
优选地,根据本发明的肽或缀合物通过肠胃外施用。
可以理解,除了上面特别地提到的成分外,所述制剂基于该制剂的各自类型可以包含其他在专业领域中常见的物质;因此例如对于适合于口服施用的制剂,可以包含调味剂。
根据本发明的肽或缀合物的治疗有效量取决于一系列因素,包括所偶联的活性物质的类型、患者的年龄和体重、准确的疾病状态、治疗需要以及其严重程度、制剂的性质以及施用途径。
本发明的目标还有用于制备至少包含一种根据本发明的肽或缀合物的药物组合物,特别是图像增强性或治疗性组合物的试剂盒。所述缀合物具有络合剂,其优选地还未络合具有图像增强或治疗效应的金属离子。根据本发明的肽或缀合物可以在试剂盒中在溶剂(例如水性缓冲液)中溶解地或优选地作为冻干物存在。
因为被根据本发明的缀合物的络合剂络合的金属离子,对于许多应用是放射性的,包含缀合物的药物组合物不可以任意久地预先制备。此外,由于放射活性,在制备中要注意一定的操作安全规定。从该原则出发,根据本发明优选的是,提供这样的试剂盒,其包含根据本发明的缀合物,其中络合剂还未络合对于最终应用必需的金属离子。
发现根据本发明的肽或缀合物在施用后的短时间已经特异地,即仅或几乎仅在肾中富集。在根据本发明的缀合物的优选的静脉内给药的情况下,已经在5分钟后观察到肾中的富集。在一个小时后,在肾中存在所注射剂量的大于30%,优选地大于50%,特别优选地大于70%,非常特别优选地大于80%(%-基于放射活性测量的报告)。
在用放射性标记的根据本发明的缀合物的器官分布研究(例如PET测量或其他非侵入性成像)的情况下,根据本发明的缀合物显示在静脉内施用后一个小时,相对于其余身体部分(血液、心脏、肺、脾、肝脏、肌肉、大脑)而言典型地至少2倍,优选地至少5倍,特别优选地至少10倍的在肾中的富集。这意味着,直接与放射性标记的化合物的量相关联的信号,在肾中是血液、心脏、肺、脾、肝脏、肌肉和大脑一起所获得信号的总和的至少2倍强。
因此,可以使用根据本发明的肽或缀合物出色地用于诊断性应用,例如肾闪烁显像术,肾-PET和肾-MRT,一般肾功能检查,用于肾癌和可能地肾癌转移的治疗和诊断、肾的CT和/或肾的超声波,以及用于有针对性的肾靶向。
治疗性应用特别地在于对于肾器官的药物靶向。特别地,根据本发明的肽或缀合物可以用作药物以有助于治疗肾疾病或在其治疗中使用药物、其效应地点是肾的疾病。在此,优选地,一个或多个活性物质例如抗生素、炎症抑制剂、ACE-抑制剂、利尿剂、免疫抑制剂或化疗剂,例如通过可分裂的间隔子序列与根据本发明的肽相连接。
使用根据本发明的缀合物以阻断肾毒性物质的回吸收也是可能的。
此外,也可以使用根据本发明的肽,以阻止或减少肾中肾有害物质的吸收。
根据本发明,肾靶向意味着实现所施用物质在肾中相对于其余身体部分而言增多的吸收。在肾靶向的情况下,用根据本发明的肽或缀合物通过根据本发明的肽或缀合物的给药,优选地实现在肾中相对于其余身体部分(血液、心脏、肺、脾、肝脏、肌肉、大脑)而言至少2倍,优选地至少5倍,特别优选地至少10倍的在肾中的富集。这些值通过用放射性标记的根据本发明的缀合物(例如PET-测量或其他非侵入性成像)的器官分布研究求得。肾中的富集视施用方式而定在30分钟至8小时后完成。
附图:
图1显示链长对结构MAG3-KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEK和MAG3-KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEE(活性物质的N-末端连结,图1,上)和KKEEEKKEEEKKEEE-y和KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEE-y(活性物质的C-末端连结,图1,下)的活性物质释放的影响。
图2显示链长对结构y-KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEK(活性物质的N-末端连结,图2,下)和结构KKEEEKKEEEKKEEE-y和KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEE-y(活性物质的C-末端连结,图2,上)的活性物质释放的影响。
图3比较了两个结构KKEEEKK(y)EEEKKEEE(链中131-碘-酪氨酸支化的)和KKEEEKyEEEKKEEEK(链中131-碘-酪氨酸线性的)在施用后一个小时的器官分布。
图4比较了根据结构y-KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEK(活性物质通过酰胺键的连结,图4,上)和yoKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEK(活性物质通过酯键的连结,图4,下)的连结方式的影响。
图5比较了在不同的时间后肽(APASLYN)2、y(MARIA)3、y(MARIA)3作为硫辛酸(LA)-缀合物和y(KKEEE)3作为硫辛酸缀合物在小鼠动物模型中的闪烁显像分布。
图6显示了施用后肽y(KKQQQ)3K-NH2的闪烁显像分布。
图7显示了施用后肽y(KKQQQ)3K-NH2作为硫辛酸缀合物的闪烁显像分布。
图8显示在NMRI-小鼠上静脉内施用后肽(yD8)的闪烁显像分布。
图9比较了125-碘标记的缀合物y(KKEEE)3K依赖于施用途径的器官分布。
图10比较了用125-碘标记的肽y(KKEE)5K(图10a)、y(KKKEE)3K(图10b)和y(RREEE)3R(图10c)各自在静脉内施用于NMRI-小鼠后1小时的闪烁显像分布。
图11显示了在静脉内施用于NMRI-小鼠后N-末端结合的二乙酰基咖啡酸-(KKEEE)3K活性物质缀合物的闪烁显像分布。
图12显示了在静脉内施用于NMRI-小鼠后双重缀合的分子yKKK(DCA)EEEKKEEEKKK(DCA)EEEK(CDA=二乙酰基咖啡酸)的闪烁显像分布。
图13显示了在静脉内施用于NMRI-小鼠后125I-y(KKKε(硫辛酸)EEE)3K的闪烁显像分布。
即使没有其他说明,由此出发,专业人员可以在最远的范围内利用上面的描述。优选的实施方案和实施例因此仅理解为描述性的,决不理解为以任何方式受限的公开。
实施例
1.材料合成
1.1固相合成
在Applied Biosystems GmbH公司(Carlsbad,CA,USA)的完全自动的肽合成仪ABI433A上按照Fmoc/tBu-策略通过使用Tentagel S RAM树脂(负荷程度:0.24mmol/g;RappPolymere,Tübingen,德国)作为聚合物载体来制备肽。使用具有酸不稳定的侧链保护基团(例如Arg(Pbf)、Asn(Trt)、Asp(OtBu)、Cys(Trt)、Gln(Trt)、Glu(OtBu)、His(Trt)、Lys(Boc)、Ser(tBu)、Thr(tBu)、Tyr(tBu))的Fmoc-氨基酸(Fmoc-AS-OH;Novabiochem,MerckKGaA,Darmstadt,德国)作为起始材料。合成循环由下列组成:a)Fmoc-保护基团的分离,用在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)中的20%哌啶,b)用NMP的洗涤步骤,c)连接:Fmoc-AS-OH/2-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HBTU)/二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)/肽树脂10/10/20/1,8分钟,d)用NMP的洗涤步骤。Fmoc-分离的效率用自动化电导率测量来控制。用三氟乙酸(TFA)/H2O/三异丙基硅烷(TIPS)(95/2.5/2.5)使肽从树脂分离(在室温下2h),在冷的甲基叔丁基酯(MTBE)中析出,通过离心(4000rpm,5分钟)分开,在真空下干燥并从乙腈/H2O(1:1)冻干。
MAG3是由3个甘氨酸单元和一个硫代乙醇酸衍生物形成的肽片段,其在如上面描述的肽合成仪上制备(即,所希望的肽序列以MAG3单元延长)。
1.2肽的纯化和表征
从树脂分离的肽的纯化通过半制备型HPLC用LaPrep-装置(VWR GmbH,Darmstadt,德国)进行。作为柱子,使用Waters XBridge BEH130 PREP C18(5μm,19x 150mm)柱(流速:8-20ml/分钟;溶剂:0.1%在水中的TFA至0.1%在乙腈中的TFA)。为了分离,使用从水至乙腈的梯度,其适合于相应肽的物理化学特性。经纯化的肽在冻干后获得。
为了表征,将制备的肽通过分析型HPLC(Agilent 1100)和HPLC-MS(Exactive,Thermo Fisher Scientific)进行分析。HPLC-分析在标准条件下借助0.1%在水中的TFA至0.1%在乙腈中的TFA的线性梯度在5分钟内进行(条件:ChromolithR Performance RP-18e-柱,100x 3mm;流速:2ml/分钟,波长=214nm)。对于质谱法,Agilent 1200用作HPLC-系统(条件:Hypersil Gold C18柱,0.21x 200mm,梯度:在30分钟内,0.05%在水中的TFA至0.05%在乙腈中的TFA,流速:200μl/分钟,柱炉:60℃,波长=214nm)。
1.3肽的放射性碘化
为了标记,使用1mM在水中的待标记肽的母液(可能地,不得不添加二甲基亚砜(DMSO)用于更好的溶解度)。将含酪氨酸的肽用碘-123、碘-125或碘-131(Perkin-Elmer,Waltham,MA,USA)借助氯胺-T-方法进行标记。为此给10μl的母液掺入20μl磷酸盐缓冲液(0.25M,pH7.4)并添加所希望量的放射性碘。为了标记,添加5μl氯胺-T(2mg/ml H2O)。反应进行30秒,然后用10μl饱和的甲硫氨酸溶液终止。为了分开游离的碘和副产物,将反应混合物用半制备型HPLC(Chromolith RP-18e,100x 4.6mm)进行纯化。为了分离,使用在10分钟内从0.1%在水中的TFA至0.1%在乙腈中的TFA的线性梯度(流速:2ml/分钟,在214nm下的UV-吸收,γ-检测)。然后,在旋转蒸发器上除去溶剂并将经标记的肽接纳在所希望的缓冲液中。
1.4用99m锝的MAG3放射性标记
对于标记,给10μl磷酸盐缓冲液(0.5M,pH 9)提供10μl的1mM肽溶液。然后,添加4μl酒石酸钠(100mg/ml H2O)、2μl乳糖溶液(100mg/ml H2O)和1μl SnCl2-溶液(10mg/mlSnCl2x 2H2O)。为了制备SnCl2-溶液,在短时间的加热下在浓盐酸中溶解80mg/ml并用水稀释至10mg/ml。添加所需活性的99mTc(来自锝发生器),然后将溶液加热30分钟至95℃,通过半制备型HPLC(参见1.3)进行纯化,从溶剂释放并接纳在300μl无菌的0.9%NaCl溶液中。
1.5硫辛酸-y(KKEEE)3K的制备
肽y(KKEEE)3K如在1.1下所描述的那样借助Fmoc/tBu-策略的固相合成通过使用氨基酸Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH和Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH(Novabiochem,MerckKGaA,Darmstadt,德国)在肽合成仪上制备。首先不要将肽从树脂分离,而是在最后的Fmoc-保护后悬浮在NMP中(每100mg肽树脂使用1ml NMP)。其间将(RS)-硫辛酸(Merck KGaA,Darmstadt,德国;4当量,基于树脂负载)溶解在NMP(1ml/100mg)中,掺入HBTU(4当量)并在室温下搅拌大约10分钟。给肽树脂添加反应混合物,掺入DIPEA(10当量)并在室温下摇动大约4小时。将树脂用NMP洗涤5次和用二氯甲烷(DCM)洗涤5次并在真空下干燥大约4小时。用TFA/茴香硫醚/茴香醚(90/8/2)大约1小时在室温下将硫辛酸-肽-缀合物从树脂分离,在冷的MTBE中析出,通过离心(4000rpm,5分钟)分开,在真空下干燥,从乙腈/H2O(1:1)冻干并如在1.2下所描述的那样进行纯化。
以类似的方式,也能够制备具有其他活性物质的缀合物。
1.6yKKK(二乙酰基咖啡酸)(EEEKK)2K(二乙酰基咖啡酸)EEEK的制备
对于二乙酰基咖啡酸至赖氨酸侧链的肽缀合,将氨基酸Fmoc-Lys(Mmt)-OH嵌入肽骨架的序列中。在此,将这如在1.1下所制备的肽树脂那样在分离前掺入二氯甲烷(DCM)/三异丙基硅烷/TFA(94:5:1)3分钟并用DCM洗涤5次。将该过程重复3次。对于与赖氨酸的正交保护侧链的偶联,将4当量的二乙酰基咖啡酸溶解在NMP中,掺入4当量的1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-碳二亚胺(EDC)、4当量的氰基(羟亚胺基)乙酸乙酯(Oxyma Pure)和10当量的二异丙基乙基胺(DIPEA),在室温下搅拌大约10分钟然后添加至肽树脂。将反应混合物在室温下摇动大约1小时,用NMP洗涤5次和用DCM洗涤5次并在真空下干燥。将官能化的肽如在1.1下描述的那样从树脂分离并如在1.2下描述的那样进行纯化。
以类似的方式,也能够制备具有其他活性物质的缀合物。
1.7yKKKε(硫辛酸)(EEE)3K的制备
分子量=3188.95
精确的质量=3185
分子式=C138H231N31O42S6
分子组成=C 51.98%H 7.30%N 13.62%O 21.07%S 6.03%
1.7.1Fmoc-赖氨酸(ε-硫辛酸)-OH-构件的合成
将N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(1.15g,10mmol)、α-硫辛酸(2.02g,9.8mmol)和(1.92g,10mmol)1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(EDAC)溶解在50ml DMF中并在室温下搅拌约4小时。然后给反应物掺入60ml乙酸乙酯。有机相用60ml蒸馏水洗涤三次,用60ml饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤三次和用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤一次。将乙酸乙酯相通过Na2SO4进行干燥、过滤并浓缩至干燥物。
产量:2.23g(73.5%)
将Fmoc-Lys-OH(2.65g,7.2mmol)悬浮在110ml HEPES-缓冲液(pH=7.4)中并掺入(2.14g,7.05mmol)硫辛酸活性酯(溶解在130ml丙酮中)并在室温下搅拌。在大约3小时反应时间后,将溶液用0.1N NaOH溶液调节至pH7并在室温下搅拌大约20小时。此后,将反应物用0.1N NaOH带至pH9并用大约30ml乙酸乙酯洗涤两次,然后,用1N HCl调节至pH3并用大约40ml乙酸乙酯抽提三次。将合并的有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,通过Na2SO4进行干燥,过滤和浓缩至干燥物。
称量粗产物:4.14g(103.25%)。
粗产物的纯化通过快速色谱法(静止相:硅胶60,粒度:15-40μm,由-Labortechnik GmbH公司包装,流动相:氯仿、甲醇(具有0.1%HOAc),流速:60ml/分钟,负荷:大约2g,梯度:从100%至75%氯仿,在18分钟内)。合并产物级分(Rt=9.1分钟)并浓缩至干燥物。
称重:3.18g(77%)。
1.7.2固相肽合成
肽用Applied Biosystems GmbH(Carlsbad,CA,USA)公司的合成仪,433A型,通过应用Fmoc/tBu-策略来制备。氨基酸的反应性侧链如下进行保护:Lys(Boc)、Glu(tBu)和Tyr(tBu)。Rapp-Polymere GmbH的Rink-Amid树脂(负荷度:0.24mmol/g)用作固相。相应的氨基酸,Fmoc-赖氨酸(ε-硫辛酸)-OH-构件和HBTU以四倍的过量使用。作为溶剂,使用NMP和为了各自的Fmoc-分离,利用哌啶(20%在NMP中)
用TFA:茴香硫醚:茴香醚=90:8:2(1ml/100mg)将被保护的肽从树脂分离(1-2h),在MTBE中析出并进行干燥。
1.7.3肽的放射性碘化
将含酪氨酸的肽用125碘通过氯胺-T方法进行标记。为了标记,使用1mM母液。如果需要,为了更好的溶解度添加DMSO。为此给10μl母液掺入20μl磷酸盐缓冲液(0.25M,pH7.4)并提供所希望量的放射活性碘。为了标记,补充5μl氯胺-T(2mg/ml H2O)。反应进行30秒,然后用10μl饱和的甲硫氨酸溶液终止。
标记后,将肽用半制备型HPLC进行纯化,以除去过剩的游离碘和其他副产物。每次对于注射,使用100μl的0.1mM母液。在注射前,通过盖格计数器掌握放射活性。
以类似的方式,也能够制备具有其他活性物质的缀合物。
2.应用实施例
2.1.器官分布研究
为了确定药物代谢动力学,通过尾静脉给雌性NMRI小鼠注射待研究的放射性标记的分子(大约100μl/动物)。随后,在相应的时间点处死动物(n=3只/时间点),解剖并用γ-计数器(Berthold LB951G)定量分离的器官(肝脏、肾、肺、脾、肠、大脑、心脏、血液...)中放射活性的分布。所测量的放射活性/克器官/组织基于注射剂量(ID)进行确定并以%ID/g给出。
2.2.活性物质的链长和连结位置的影响
在其他的实验中,改变分子构造。
研究了结构MAG3-KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEK,MAG3-KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEE和y-KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEK(活性物质的N-末端连结-图1,上和图2下)和结构KKEEEKKEEEKKEEE-y和KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEE-y(活性物质的C-末端连结-图1,下和图2,上),
y在此代表D-酪氨酸;MAG3代表肽片段,其络合99mTc。
结果描绘于图1和2中(ID/g在此代表“注射剂量/克组织”):放射性标记的酪氨酸(作为“活性物质”)的释放一方面通过链长和另一方通过“活性物质”的连结位置(C-或N-末端)受到强烈影响。原则上,较长的肽导致延迟的释放。此外,C-末端连结的示踪物(碘-酪氨酸或者具有99mTc的MAG3)的释放比在N-末端连结的情况下进行得快得多。速率决定步骤在肽降解的情况下显然首先受到羧肽酶影响,其从C-末端开始降解肽。
通过肽的分子构造和活性物质的连结位点(C-或N-末端),可以有意识地调节活性物质的释放动力学。
2.3.支化程度的影响
支化的肽结构的酶促降解原则上比线性肽的降解明显地困难。为此进行对比实验,其中在链中线性地嵌入或在链中支化地嵌入模型活性物质放射性-碘-酪氨酸。研究结构KKEEEKK(y)EEEKKEEE和KKEEEKyEEEKKEEEK。
结果描绘于图3中:图显示施用后一个小时的器官分布。在此,支化地嵌入链中的放射性碘酪氨酸(图3,上)明显比线性地嵌入的(图3,下)慢。
2.4.连结方式的影响
研究结构y-KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEK(通过酰胺键的活性物质连结)和yoKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEK(通过酯键的活性物质连结)。
结果描绘于图4中:对于应当被快速释放的活性物质的连结,已经证明活性物质与活性物质运载体的容易分裂的酯连结的构入是优选的(图4,下)。酯连结的分开比活性运载体通过蛋白酶的降解在时间上更快地完成。
2.5.对比实验
为了能够比较文献中提到的肽与根据本发明的结构的肾特异性,借助于AppliedBioscience公司的肽合成仪Modell 433A制备文献中已知的肽APASLYN和HITSLLS(Denby等人:Molecular Therapy 15,9,2007,1647-1654)并与真正的活性物质缀合。肽序列用Fmoc-策略构建并且活性物质通过固相反应与载体相缀合。作为进一步的比较,选择具有16个氨基酸的任意肽序列y(MARIA)3。在其中没有用于肽中放射性标记的酪氨酸存在的情况下(HITSLLS),额外地插入D-酪氨酸。作为活性物质,使用(RS)-硫辛酸(缩写:LA)。
图5显示不同时间后小鼠动物模型中肽(APASLYN)2和y(MARIA)3的分布的SPECT-记录。在(APASLYN)2的实施例中,在没有活性物质硫辛酸时肽的肾选择性就已经是不足够的。虽然任意选择的肽序列y(MARIA)3具有良好的肾选择性,但是在与硫辛酸缀合后很大程度地丧失了肾选择性。与此相比,在具有缀合的硫辛酸的根据本发明的结构(KKEEE)3的情况下,仍然保持肾选择性。
在另一个实验中,将肽y(KKEEE)3K-NH2中的谷氨酸用谷氨酰胺代替。在此获得的肽y(KKQQQ)3K-NH2不包含酸性基团。研究肽本身和与硫辛酸缀合的肽的吸收。
结果(参见图6和7):在肽用放射性碘标记后,通过成像能够检测到肾中肽的高吸收(图6)。然而,在肽与活性物质硫辛酸缀合后,该肾特异性几乎完全丢失(图7)。
在另一个实验中,合成这样的肽,其仅由携带酸性基团的氨基酸构建(yD8)。该肽同样用放射性碘标记并静脉内施用于NMRI-小鼠。
图8显示了结果:在15分钟后,实验动物的膀胱内已经存在所施用的放射活性的最大部分。完全由酸性氨基酸构建的肽明显非常快地通过肾排泄出并且不被肾近端小管细胞重新吸收。这样的纯酸性的分子结构明显不适合于近端小管细胞中活性物质的运输。
2.6.y(KKEE)5K、y(KKKEE)3K和y(RREEE)3R的闪烁显像分布
在另外的实验中,改变酸-碱比例并且赖氨酸针对精氨酸交换。在此研究下面的肽:y(KKEE)5K、y(KKKEE)3K和y(RREEE)3R。
结果(参见图10,在用碘-125的各自放射性标记肽后的1小时-值和在雌性NMRI-小鼠中静脉内施用后的闪烁显像研究):酸碱比例从1:1(y(KKEE)5K)(图10(a))至2:3(y(KKKEE)3K)(图10(b))的改变未确凿地改变肽的肾选择性。然而,在赖氨酸对精氨酸交换(y(RREEE)3R)的情况下,在1小时后在实验动物的膀胱中存在所施用放射活性的最大部分。高的肾特异性仍然保持,未到达其他器官,然而看起来将会加速由于氨基酸交换的肾排除(参见图10(c))。
2.7.二乙酰基咖啡酸缀合物的闪烁显像分布
在另外的实验中,潜在的活性物质二乙酰基咖啡酸(DCA)不仅在N-末端而且多次与肽骨架的赖氨酸侧链相连接。具有y(KKEEE)3K的N-末端缀合物的制备类似地如在1.5下所描述的那样进行,经双重缀合的分子(结构:yKKK(DCA)EEEKKEEEKKK(DCA)EEEK)的制备如在1.6下所描述的。在用碘-125标记和在动物模型小鼠中静脉内施用后,就其肾选择性研究经如此获得的肽-活性物质-缀合物。
结果(参见图11和12):所制备的肽-活性物质-缀合物不仅在二乙酰基咖啡酸的N-末端连接后(图11)而且在二乙酰基咖啡酸与肽骨架赖氨酸的不同侧链双重连接的情况下(图12)保持着其高的肾选择性。
2.8.施用途径
在另外的实验中,研究了施用途径。
为此,将新的NMRI-小鼠分为三个组。所有动物获得10mg/kg KG的D-酪氨酸在N-末端与(KKEEE)3K相结合的缀合物。一部分缀合物用氯胺-T方法在D-酪氨酸上用放射性碘同位素标记。给组1静脉内施用,给组2皮下施用和给组3腹膜内施用经标记的缀合物。在此,将缀合物溶解在100μl PBS缓冲液中。现在,在不同的时间(40、60、120和240分钟),建立来自各自组的动物的SPECT-记录。该实验系列的结果描绘于图9中。
除了在文献中描述的肽/蛋白质至肾的的静脉内给药外,根据本发明的肽或肽-活性物质-缀合物的皮下或腹膜内给药也可以成功地送达肾。
2.9按照实施例1.7的硫辛酸-缀合物的闪烁显像分布
在另外的实验中,使潜在的活性物质硫辛酸通过肽骨架的赖氨酸侧链相连接。缀合物y(KKKε(硫辛酸)EEE)3K的制备如在实施例1.7中描述的那样进行。在用碘-125标记和在动物模型小鼠中静脉内施用后,就其肾选择性研究经如此获得的肽-活性物质-缀合物。
结果(参见图13):所制备的肽-活性物质-缀合物具有高的肾选择性。
Claims (14)
1.肽,其由选自包括(RREEE)3R、(KKEE)5K、(KKKEE)3K、(KKKEEE)3K和(KKEEE)3K的组的序列区段组成,和其中
所述肽包含缀合物,其包含至少一个上文定义的肽和至少一个共价地、可选地通过间隔子结合的活性物质。
2.肽,其由选自包括(RREEE)3R、(KKEE)5K、(KKKEE)3K、(KKKEEE)3K和(KKEEE)3K的组的序列区段组成。
3.缀合物,其包含至少一个肽和至少一个共价地、可选地通过间隔子结合的活性物质,所述肽由选自包括(RREEE)3R、(KKEE)5K、(KKKEE)3K、(KKKEEE)3K和(KKEEE)3K的组的序列区段组成,和
其中所述活性物质选自:免疫抑制剂、细胞生长抑制剂、免疫治疗剂、消炎剂、抗生素、病毒生长抑制剂、抗高血压药和抗纤维化药。
4.根据权利要求3的缀合物,其特征在于,
所述免疫抑制剂是:硫唑嘌呤、吗替麦考酚酯、环孢素、他克莫司、西罗莫司、芬戈莫德或雷公藤甲素;
所述细胞生长抑制剂是:阿曲生坦、尼达尼布、博来霉素、放线菌素D、丝裂霉素、柔红霉素、多柔比星、表柔比星、伊达比星、米托蒽醌、安吖啶、去氧氟尿苷、顺铂、卡铂、奥沙利铂、沙铂、喜树碱、托泊替康、伊立替康、依托泊甙、替尼泊甙、环磷酰胺、曲磷胺、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、雌莫司汀、白消安、氮芥、曲奥舒凡、卡莫司汀、洛莫司汀、尼莫司汀、丙卡巴肼、链佐星、达卡巴嗪、异环磷酰胺、替莫唑胺、塞替派、长春瑞滨、长春新碱、长春碱、长春地辛、紫杉醇、多西他赛、甲氨喋呤、培美曲塞、雷替曲塞、氟尿嘧啶、卡培他滨、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、吉西他滨、硫鸟嘌呤、喷司他丁、巯嘌呤、氟达拉滨、克拉屈滨、羟基脲、米托坦、阿扎胞苷、阿糖胞苷、奈拉滨、硼替佐米或阿那格雷类;
所述免疫治疗剂是:西妥昔单抗、阿仑珠单抗或贝伐珠单抗;
所述消炎剂是:萘普生、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、泼尼松龙、泼尼松、氢化可的松或布地奈德;
所述病毒生长抑制剂是:阿昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦、溴夫定、西多福韦、膦甲酸、碘苷或曲金刚胺;且
所述抗纤维化药是:吡非尼酮或塞利西利。
5.根据权利要求3的缀合物,其特征在于,
所述细胞生长抑制剂是:蛋白激酶抑制剂;
所述抗生素是:青霉素类、头孢菌素类、D-内酰胺酶抑制剂、碳青霉烯类、单酰胺环类、四环素类、大环内脂类抗生素、糖肽类抗生素或烯二炔类;且
所述抗高血压药是:ACE抑制剂、沙坦类、肾素抑制剂、β-受体阻滞剂、排尿酸药或利尿剂。
6.根据权利要求5的缀合物,其特征在于,
所述蛋白激酶抑制剂是:伊马替尼、厄洛替尼、舒尼替尼、索拉非尼、达沙替尼、拉帕替尼或尼洛替尼;
所述青霉素类是:青霉素、甲氧西林或阿莫西林;
所述头孢菌素类是:头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟、头孢羟氨苄或头孢克肟;
所述D-内酰胺酶抑制剂是:克拉维酸、舒巴坦或三唑巴坦;
所述碳青霉烯类是:亚胺培南或美罗培南;
所述单酰胺环类是:氨曲南;
所述四环素类是:四环素、金霉素、土霉素、多西环素、米诺环素或替吉环素;
所述大环内脂类抗生素是:红霉素A;
所述糖肽类抗生素是:万古霉素;
所述烯二炔类是:卡奇霉素;
所述ACE抑制剂是:贝那普利、卡托普利、西拉普利、依那普利、福辛普利、赖诺普利、培哚普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、群多普利或佐芬普利;
所述沙坦类是:氯沙坦、缬沙坦、厄贝沙坦、坎地沙坦、依普罗沙坦、奥美沙坦或替米沙坦;
所述肾素抑制剂是:阿利吉仑;
所述β-受体阻滞剂是:普萘洛尔、吲哚洛尔、索他洛尔、波吲洛尔、阿替洛尔、比索洛尔、塞利洛尔、艾司洛尔、美托洛尔、奈必洛尔、氧烯洛尔、卡维地洛尔或拉贝洛尔;
所述排尿酸药是:丙磺舒或苯溴马隆;且
所述利尿剂是:乙酰唑胺、呋塞米、托拉塞米、布美他尼、吡咯他尼、阿佐塞米、依他尼酸、依托唑啉、氢氯噻嗪、苄噻嗪、氯噻嗪、氯噻酮、吲达帕胺、美夫西特、美托拉宗、氯帕胺、希帕胺、氢氟噻嗪、甲氯噻嗪、泊利噻嗪、阿米洛利、三氨蝶啶、螺内酯、坎利酮、依普利酮或螺内酯。
7.根据权利要求3的缀合物,其特征在于,使所述至少一种活性物质与所述肽的N-末端或C-末端相结合。
8.根据权利要求3的缀合物,其特征在于,使所述至少一种活性物质与链内的氨基酸相结合。
9.根据权利要求3的缀合物,其特征在于,使所述活性物质通过酯键相结合。
10.用于制备根据权利要求3的缀合物的方法,其特征在于,使可选地被活化的活性物质缀合到所述肽上。
11.作为药物的根据权利要求1的肽。
12.作为药物的根据权利要求3的缀合物。
13.药物,其包含至少一种根据权利要求1的肽或根据权利要求3的缀合物。
14.根据权利要求13的药物,其特征在于,所述药物是治疗性或图像增强性组合物。
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EP2994153A1 (de) | 2016-03-16 |
JP2016519134A (ja) | 2016-06-30 |
JP6510494B2 (ja) | 2019-05-08 |
HUE040491T2 (hu) | 2019-03-28 |
LT2994153T (lt) | 2018-11-26 |
US10065993B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 |
WO2014180534A1 (de) | 2014-11-13 |
SI2994153T1 (sl) | 2018-12-31 |
EP2994153B1 (de) | 2018-08-15 |
CA2911542C (en) | 2022-06-07 |
ES2697348T3 (es) | 2019-01-23 |
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