CN1051837C - 在去除有机废物成分的过程中消毁毒性物质的方法 - Google Patents

在去除有机废物成分的过程中消毁毒性物质的方法 Download PDF

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CN1051837C
CN1051837C CN93104535A CN93104535A CN1051837C CN 1051837 C CN1051837 C CN 1051837C CN 93104535 A CN93104535 A CN 93104535A CN 93104535 A CN93104535 A CN 93104535A CN 1051837 C CN1051837 C CN 1051837C
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temperature
reactor
oxygen
burner
toxicant
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CN1079285A (zh
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G·H·基斯
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Thermoselect AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/10—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation
    • A62D3/19—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to plasma
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
    • A62D3/38—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by oxidation; by combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
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  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
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Abstract

本文描述了一种用高温反应器，通过使有机废物组分热处理过程中产生的相对化学稳定分子结构发生不可逆的物质分解以消毁毒性物质的方法。为此用途，向反应器燃烧区中加入毒性物质-分子结构与另加的提高火焰温度的易燃气体的混合物，所说毒性物质为液体和/或气体形式，此外加的化学计算过量的氧气。然后，在氧气燃烧器中热裂解出的反应气体，在温度保持为至少1400℃的反应稳定化区域中，保持至少5秒，再从此温度骤冷到至少100℃。

Description

在去除有机废物成分的过程中消毁毒性物质的方法
本发明涉及一种通过应用高温炉体反应器，使有机废物的组成部分在热处理过程中，其化学上相对稳定的分子结构发生不可逆的物质分解作用，以除去毒性物质的方法，以及实现该方法的设备，特别是用于该用途的特殊构造的燃烧器上部或顶部。
在公知的用于将含可热分解化学物质的废物转化成为终产物如CO2、CO、H2O等的方法中，将废物以这样一种方式暴露于热的等离子气体中，以使反应区中保持充足的氧气含量，而使分解产物可连续地转化成为上述终产物。废物通过被加热到至少2000℃的反应区，该反应区是由可渗透气体的槽或通道、反应器室的块状炉料-即至少部分地含碳的物质形成的炉料构成的。在公知的方法中，反应物在反应区内的停留时间仅为几毫秒，而炉料物质保持为反应器室残余炉料的时间周期为1-5秒。如果废物是气态的，则部分地或完全地与等离子气体混合，另一方面，废物为固态或液态时，则通过载气将废物带入反应器的反应区。在此公知的方法中，反应器室位于通常的炼焦炉的炉体内，其中，通过鼓风炉的喉部，以焦碳或类似的形式向炉体供应块状含碳物质。必须保证，在整个反应器室内，对于下部燃烧器的气体，在基本恒定的上升气流，以便能保证整个反应过程有均匀的热工况。通过进料与炉底间的压差将欲消毁的废物送入反应器室内，预热区内的温度为近1370℃。接着，废物通过被加热到至少2000℃的反应区，该等离子弧直射到含碳可渗透气体的反应器室炉料上。
在此公知方法中，由于滞留区和稳定区处理相同位置，而对于反应区和可渗透气体的块状填料来说，热力学工况较好，但对于要用于此用途的炼焦炉是不利的，该炼焦炉必须用焦炭、白云石、沥青煤或类似物操作。
尽管不可否认在供料室内以气体或液体形式存在的废物和/或其分解产物与等离子气体混合在一起，并伴随有强湍流，接着流出燃烧器喷嘴，但不能保证所有毒性物质都暴露在温度高达2000℃以上的等离子体中。
本发明的目的是提供一种去除热的毒性物质废物的方法，它基于该现有技术，对外加的碳载体没有任何额外要求，其中，在过量的氧气存在下，使存在的毒性物质以转化成为稳定的燃烧产物，而不损害环境，且可经济地实施的这样一种方式进行。
根据本发明，此目的是通过应用高温炉体反应器，使有机废物的组成部分在热处理过程中，发生其相对化学稳定的分子结构进行不可逆的物质分解作用的方法来达到的。
由于在燃烧区之上的高温反应器内的稳定化区域是由经适宜热处理的废物的含碳残余成分和仅由后者-可渗透气体的块状或碎块状成分提供的，所以，在连续横向进入反应器的情况下，不需要任何含碳的外部能源如焦炭床。以标准的民用废物形式存在的有机组分是合适的，以保证在相应的热预处理情况下有适当的含碳反应器炉料，其中，保证毒性物质停留的时间相对长，该毒性物质对防止新合成(neosytheses)的燃烧温度是无害的。这样就可以百分之百地去除大多数各种工业和民用废物中发现的全部毒性物质成分。由于控制燃烧的结果，这些毒性物或其它对环境不利的废物成分或分子结构分解成为无害的终产物，该方法的次序是不可逆的。含高度氯化和任意其它卤化分子成分的烃在高达2000℃以上的燃烧  温度中分解，并且分解产物经稳定化处理，使其在温度至少1400℃的稳定化区域内的停留时间至少5秒。无害的分解产物通过可渗透气体的块状反应器炉料离开高温反应器，接着经过足够的停留时间，然后使其从1400℃骤冷至优选低于100℃，以便在这里完全避免气体组分再进行新的毒性物质的合成(即DE-NOVO合成)。
由热预处理来的以稳定分子结构形式存在的毒性物质与加热燃烧和升高火焰温度的易燃气体如乙炔混合，以便燃烧器火焰温度再升高。
燃烧器的上部或顶部为这样一种结构，以便得到的气态或液态毒性物质——气体混合物可以通过中心孔从中心引入燃烧器火焰内部，所述中心孔由一组氧气喷嘴围绕着。来自外部气体/氧气喷嘴环的燃烧器火焰近使所有毒性物质在以无害的被分解了的分子结构形式进入稳定化区域之前，通过高温火焰区域，以确保高温分解的必须的不可逆性。

Claims (1)

1.一种破坏毒性物质的方法，该方法为通过高温炉体反应器，使有机废物组分在热处理过程中，其相对化学稳定的分子结构发生不可逆的物质分解，在该方法中，在至少2000℃温度下，借助于通过下部反应器燃烧区的氧气燃烧器的氧气而将至少部分碳组分气化，生成的反应气流通过上部反应器炉体而形成稳定化区域，毒性物质-分子结构与提高火焰温度的附加易燃气体以及经化学计算过量的氧气混合，而送入下部燃烧区，且其中在氧气燃烧器内热分裂出来的反应气体，在至少保持1400℃温度的稳定化区域内停留至少5秒，接着，从1400℃骤冷到至少100℃。
CN93104535A 1992-04-06 1993-04-05 在去除有机废物成分的过程中消毁毒性物质的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1051837C (zh)

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DE19924211513 DE4211513C9 (de) 1992-04-06 Verfahren zur Giftstoffvernichtung, die bei der Beseitigung organischer Müllbestandteile anfallen
DEP4211513.2 1992-04-06

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JP (1) JP2961030B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100220170B1 (zh)
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AT (1) ATE145833T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU661769B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2093388A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE59304641D1 (zh)
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US5770784A (en) * 1996-04-10 1998-06-23 Thermatrix, Inc. Systems for the treatment of commingled wastes and methods for treating commingled wastes
JP5192617B2 (ja) * 1997-12-22 2013-05-08 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー 価値の低いハロゲン化物質からの１種以上の有効な製品の製造
JP3558039B2 (ja) 1999-01-27 2004-08-25 住友金属工業株式会社 廃棄物のガス化溶融炉およびガス化溶融方法
US6211254B1 (en) 1999-06-07 2001-04-03 John P. Whitney Process for recycling heterogeneous waste
JP2005262099A (ja) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-29 Nippon Steel Corp 有機汚染廃棄物の無害化処理方法及び処理装置
JP4935582B2 (ja) * 2007-08-27 2012-05-23 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物の処理方法
JP4941671B2 (ja) * 2008-02-20 2012-05-30 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物の処理方法
EP2620426B2 (de) † 2012-01-27 2018-02-21 Thermoselect AG Verfahren zur Herstellung von Harnstoff aus Abfällen, vorzugsweise Hausmüll, beliebiger Zusammensetzung

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NL7400717A (zh) * 1973-01-23 1974-07-25
US4018879A (en) * 1973-05-04 1977-04-19 Shell Oil Company Combustion of halogenated hydrocarbon
HU184389B (en) * 1981-02-27 1984-08-28 Villamos Ipari Kutato Intezet Method and apparatus for destroying wastes by using of plasmatechnic
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US4715965A (en) * 1986-05-19 1987-12-29 Sigerson Adam L Method for separating and recovering volatilizable contaminants from soil
DE3900268A1 (de) * 1988-01-23 1989-08-03 Herbert Greeb Kontinuierliches verfahren und einrichtung zum zerstoeren von dioxinen und furanen in damit belasteten materialien
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GB9017146D0 (en) * 1990-08-03 1990-09-19 Tioxide Group Services Ltd Destruction process
US5179903A (en) * 1991-06-24 1993-01-19 Abboud Harry I Closed loop incineration process

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TW234165B (zh) 1994-11-11
JPH0626626A (ja) 1994-02-04
US5434337A (en) 1995-07-18
AU3670793A (en) 1993-10-14
KR930021254A (ko) 1993-11-22
CN1079285A (zh) 1993-12-08
CA2093388A1 (en) 1993-10-07
KR100220170B1 (ko) 1999-09-01
DK0564964T3 (da) 1996-12-23
EP0564964B1 (de) 1996-12-04
EP0564964A1 (de) 1993-10-13
ES2095509T3 (es) 1997-02-16
DE59304641D1 (de) 1997-01-16
DE4211513C1 (zh) 1993-07-01
ATE145833T1 (de) 1996-12-15
AU661769B2 (en) 1995-08-03
JP2961030B2 (ja) 1999-10-12

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