A kind of biomass gasification boiler
Technical field
The present invention relates to biomass boiler technology field.
Background technology
Biomass refers to the various organisms that plant is produced using big gas and water, soil etc. by photosynthesis, i.e., all
The lived organic substance that can be grown is commonly referred to as biomass, and biomass can accumulate solar energy by photosynthesis
Come, be stored in organic matter, these energy are the source of the energy and basis needed for human development, biomass is most extensive on the earth
The material of presence, it include all plants, animal and microorganism and by using plant, microorganism as animal of food etc. these by
Many organic matters and its discarded object of production that living matter derives from, drains and is metabolized, are primarily referred to as crops, crop waste
Stalk, trees in thing, timber, timber waste and animal wastes, agriculture and forestry production process in addition to grain, fruit etc. are wooden
The things such as excrement of animals and discarded object during cellulose, farming industry leftover bits and pieces, agriculture and forestry organic waste material and Animal husbandry production
Matter, it has recyclability, low stain and widely distributed property.
Be used as the Main Ingredients and Appearance of biomass --- lignin and cellulose are annual to be regenerated with about 164,000,000,000 tons of speed, such as with
15~20 times of Energy Conversion equivalent to oil production rate.If the utilization that this part resource is got well, the mankind are equivalent to possessing one
Individual inexhaustible resource treasure-house.Moreover, biomass energy produces the CO derived from air2, CO is regenerated after burning2, so
The CO in air will not be increased2Content.CO2It is topmost greenhouse gases, its contribution to whole greenhouse effects is
26%, to the contribution of greenhouse effects is about 65% caused by various gases in addition to vapor in air.In view of by the use of biomass as
The energy will not increase the content of CO2 in air, and biomass is more cleaned compared with the mineral matter energy.
The energy produced using biomass as carrier, by biomass is biomass energy, the energy sources of biomass in the sun,
Biomass energy is a kind of form of energy that solar energy is stored in chemical energy form in biology, directly or indirectly from plant
Photosynthesis.Tellurian plant carries out the energy that photosynthesis is consumed, and accounts for and shines upon the 0.2% of earth total radiation,
Though less, the solar energy converted via photosynthesis is 40 times of current mankind's total energy consumption to this ratio.It is biological
Mass-energy is the important component of regenerative resource, the Efficient Development of biomass energy and utilization, is asked solving the energy, ecological environment
Topic will play very positive effect.At present, countries in the world especially developed country all pays much attention to this, actively develops
The research of biomass energy application technology, and many achievements in research are obtained, reach industrial applications scale.Biomass energy application technology
Research is primarily referred to as solidifying biomass energy, liquefies, gasifies and directly burning etc., according to the different characteristics and attribute of biomass,
Complicated variation is also tended to using technology.
There is Industrial Boiler in China ten thousand about more than 50 at present, and annual coal consumption is about the 1/3 of national coal consumption total amount, by coal-fired work
The environmental pollution that industry boiler is caused is very serious, and substantial amounts of Industrial Boiler must use clear energy sources instead.According to the biomass of China
Resources supplIes, are used by the use of biomass fuel as boiler oil, have it is environment-friendly, the characteristics of can regenerate, research industry
Boiler biomass combustion technology, develops biomass fuel boiler, to saving conventional energy resource, optimization China energy resource structure, mitigates ring
Border pollution has positive effect.The biomass fuel of China has many types, first, and China is large agricultural country, proportion of crop planting
Ecotope complexity is various, in agricultural production process, has harvested after the crops such as wheat, corn, paddy, what residual can not be eaten
Stalk quantity is very huge.To produce discarded object in Processing Farm Produce, such as rice husk, corncob, peanut shell, bagasse and
Cotton seed hulls etc., these discarded object Relatively centralizeds, easy collection processing can be used as biomass fuel.Secondly, animal husbandry is also compared
It is more, it is 3.2 hundreds of millions t according to the Fecal wastes available resource quantity of goods produced of the main livestock and poultry chicken of China, ox and pig, tears 1.1 hundred million t of conjunction open
Work as gauging.In addition, also sanitary sewage and industrial organic waste water, industrial organic waste water be mainly alcohol, sugaring, food,
, can be by anaerobic fermentation system containing abundant organic matter in the waste water discharged during the industry productions such as pharmacy, papermaking, waste water
Biogas is taken, while handling sewage.It is also a kind of energy source for not allowing to look down upon, China to also have city organic solid castoff in addition
Urban solid waste yield constantly increases, and has reached 11800Mt within 2011.
Biomass fuel caloric value is big, and caloric value is at 3900~4800 kcal/kg or so, and the caloric value after charing is high
Up to 7000~8000 kcal/kg.Biomass fuel purity is high, does not produce the debris of heat without other, and its carbon content 75~
85%, ash 3~6%, water content 1~3%.Absolutely not contain gangue, stone etc. does not generate heat the impurity of heat dissipation on the contrary, will directly be
Reducing Cost in Enterprises.Biomass fuel not sulfur-bearing phosphorus, does not corrode boiler, can prolonged boiler service life, enterprise is by benefited gangster
It is shallow, 99% is reduced when the flue dust ratio discharged into air that burns is using coal, while not producing sulfur dioxide and five oxygen during burning
Change two phosphorus, pollutant is preferably minimized, thus acid rain will not be caused to produce, air is not polluted, it is free from environmental pollution.Biomass fuel
Sanitation and hygiene, feed intake conveniently, reduce the labor intensity of workman, significantly improve work situation, enterprise, which will be reduced, to be used to work
Cost in terms of power.Ash quarrel is few after biomass fuel combustion, greatly reduces the place for stacking coal quarrel, reduces muck removal expense.
Ashes after biomass fuel combustion are the high high-quality organic potassic fertilizers of grade, recyclable to make profits.According to measuring and calculating, biomass fuel pot
Stove can economize on electricity 40% than coal-burning boiler, water saving 33%, save 1500 tons/year of coal.
Gasification of biomass is under certain thermodynamic condition, by means of air part(Or oxygen), vapor effect, make
Pyrolysis, oxidation, reduction reforming reaction occur for the high polymer of biomass, are eventually converted into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and low molecular hydrocarbon
Deng the process of fuel gas.In principle, it is all that organic matter reacts with oxygen to gasify and burn.Its difference is, burned
Oxygen is in shortage, enough or excessive in journey, and the product after burning is the flue gas that carbon dioxide and water etc. can not fire again, and
Substantial amounts of reaction heat is released, i.e. the chemical energy of biomass is mainly converted into heat energy by burning.And gasification of biomass is certain
Under conditions of, it is provided only with biomass is occurred imperfect combustion, generation carbon monoxide, hydrogen and low molecule in the case of limit oxygen
The fuel gas such as hydro carbons, i.e. gasification are for gaseous state by the carrier of chemical energy by solid state transformed.Compared to burning, released in gasification reaction
Heat it is much smaller, the fuel gas that gasification is obtained burns can further discharge its chemical energy having again.
Gas purification is Chinese biological matter gasification most weak link.System is both all reduced using the method for washing at present
Efficiency, produces the sewage containing tar again, by present technology apparently, and reducing tar and water process makes waste water circulation using being gas
Two key issues of purification.Because the tar problem of current gasification of biomass is not solved still, to avoid secondary pollution, it is necessary to throw
Enter fixed fund and build sewage disposal device, the input for handling different systems sewage is different, but generally speaking, power is got over
Small, ratio is bigger, and this is also the main cause for being difficult to promote, and because sewage disposal is taken up an area larger, many users are in order to save
Input and reduction operating cost are saved, to sewage without processing, causes environmental problem.
At present, there is complicated, manufacture, operating cost height, biomass in many biomass gasification devices put into operation
Species bad adaptability, gasification efficiency is low, gasification burning purity bottom, the problems such as combustibility is poor, tar yield is big.
The Chinese patent of Application No. 201310249204.4 discloses the life that raw material can fully react in a kind of gasification furnace
Gasification substance stove, it includes body of heater, is located at the gas outlet of body of heater upper lateral part, is located at the ventilating mechanisms of lower portion of furnace body, it is characterized in that
Body of heater internal upper part is provided with bleed hole at least provided with an air entraining pipe being connected with gas outlet, air entraining pipe;Described bleed hole edge
The sagittal plane of body of heater is uniform on air entraining pipe;The opening in bleed hole is towards the bottom of body of heater;Described air entraining pipe sets for annulus
Put;Described ventilating mechanisms include blower fan, air channel, at least one airduct connected with air channel, and airduct is in body of heater along body of heater
Axial direction is set, and the tube wall of airduct is provided with air holes.Though this invention solves biomass gasification device structure to a certain extent
Complexity, makes the problem of operating cost is high, but structure is simple not enough.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that there is provided a kind of gasification of biomass pot for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art
Stove, simple in construction, small volume, manufacturing cost is low, and operating cost is low, easy to operate, makes full use of agricultural waste and house refuse
It is low to ingredient requirement Deng for raw material, utilize the imperfect combustion of fuel to produce carbon monoxide, gasification efficiency is high, energy-saving safe ring
Protect, heat utilization ratio is high.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is:A kind of biomass gasification boiler, including stove
Body, furnace chamber, charging aperture, closed ash-falling chamber, normally closed ash hole, it is characterised in that the top of the furnace chamber is charging hopper, bottom
For combustion chamber, hollow furnace sandwich is provided between body of heater shell and furnace chamber, the top of furnace sandwich is flue, and bottom is water
Water is full of among chamber, water cavity, the vertical tube of some fume pipes is provided with the middle of the annular circumferential of water cavity, some fume pipes are in some
U-shaped, some fume pipes form the fire grate of support in the bottom of combustion chamber;Some water pipes are provided with the middle of the annular circumferential of flue,
Water pipe is connected with water cavity, and fume pipe is connected with flue;If being communicated between the U-shaped bottom of fume pipe and closed ash-falling chamber
Dry air inlet pipe;Furnace sandwich top is provided through body of heater by flue and the escape pipe of extraneous UNICOM;The top of some water pipes connects
There is annular water chamber, annular water chamber is connected with outlet pipe, and water inlet pipe is connected with water cavity;The bottom of fire grate is provided with ash port.
Preferably, the bottom of the combustion chamber is provided with ignition.
Preferably, the fume pipe is provided with 8~36.
Preferably, the body of heater housing diameter is 1.5~2.2 meters, it is high 2.5~3.1 meters;The charging aperture to be circular or
Square, if circular, a diameter of 40~60 centimetres, if square, the length of side is 40~60 centimetres.
Preferably, being provided with closure at the charging aperture.
Preferably, the way of supplying water of the water inlet pipe uses tap water supply or cistern water supply;The feed-type of boiler
It is that hand feed or machine are fed, machine feed is using vibra feeder feed or belt conveyer feed.
Preferably, the outlet pipe connection cooking water pipe, heating water pipe or shower water pipe;Escape pipe is by net
Makeup connects industrial miniature boiler with tracheae or home furnace tracheae after putting.
Preferably, the escape pipe connection spray column, multistage filter and aspiration pump.
It is using the beneficial effect produced by above-mentioned technical proposal:The present invention provides a kind of biomass gasification boiler, knot
Structure is simple, small volume, and manufacturing cost is low, and operating cost is low, easy to operate, and it is original to make full use of agricultural waste and house refuse etc.
Material, it is low to ingredient requirement, carbon monoxide is produced using the imperfect combustion of fuel, gasification efficiency is high, safety energy-conserving environment protection, heat
Utilization rate is high.Have between boiler furnace shell and furnace chamber of the present invention and water, the heat of fuel combustion are full of among furnace sandwich, interlayer
Absorbed by the water in the middle of furnace sandwich, the heat very little of body of heater shell reached through furnace sandwich, furnace wall accumulation of heat is also corresponding less,
Heat-energy losses are reduced, the thermal efficiency is improved.
Biomass fuel used in the present invention is seen everywhere, and belongs to the renewable sources of energy, and reusable edible can replace timber, coal, day
Right gas, it is economical and practical, to environment without any pollution after burning, really realize carbon monoxide zero-emission, sulfide zero-emission, without
Gas desulphurisation plant is set, cost is reduced, protects environment, the carbon dioxide that biomass combustion is discharged in addition is roughly the same
The carbon dioxide absorbed when it grows by photosynthesis, it is thus possible to be thought as the zero-emission of carbon dioxide, contribute to
Alleviate the discharge of greenhouse effects, effectively reduction PM2.5, solve the problems, such as that peasant carries out crop straw burning and dumping, while will money
Source makes full use of, and the ashes after boiler combustion are the organic potassic fertilizers of high-quality, is extraordinary fertilizer, achieves many things at one stroke in fact.
Closure is provided with charging aperture of the present invention, closure, which can be opened, to close, if ratio of combustion is more vigorous, can closed
Closure is closed to control oxygen-supplying amount.
The way of supplying water of water inlet pipe of the present invention uses tap water supply or cistern water supply.Cistern water supply mode is in pot
One elevated tank is set above stove, and its simple structure, working stability is firm, whole water system pressure can be stablized, and can be full
The spilling water of sufficient water system and moisturizing request;The feed-type of boiler of the present invention is that hand feed or machine are fed, hand feed
It is suitable for the less demanding situation of boiler load;Machine feed is fed using vibra feeder or belt conveyer, boiler
The adjustment of load is controlled by the adjustment of feeding coal.
Outlet pipe of the present invention can connect cooking water pipe, heating water pipe or shower water pipe;Water is sufficient, temperature
Height, cost is low, can use, not limited by season throughout the year, and safely, health, environmental protection;Escape pipe of the present invention
Industrial miniature boiler tracheae or home furnace tracheae can be connected after purifier, CO gas burning can be equal to
U.S. liquefied gas, improves the quality of living, the discharge of contamination-free gas.
Escape pipe connection spray column of the present invention, multistage filter, spray column can enter the gas discharged in escape pipe
High atomization nozzle in row purification, spray column can come out the flue dust and tar separation in gas, and then gas passes through multistage again
Filter carries out multiple times of filtration, ensures the higher degree of fuel gas transferred out to greatest extent.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the profile of body of heater of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 A-A profiles.
In figure:1st, body of heater;2nd, charging aperture;3rd, normally closed ash hole;4th, charging hopper;5th, combustion chamber;6th, escape pipe;7th, intake
Pipe;8th, outlet pipe;9th, furnace sandwich;10th, flue;11st, water cavity;12nd, fume pipe;13rd, water pipe;14th, fire grate;15th, air inlet pipe;
16th, ash port;17th, closed ash-falling chamber;18th, annular water chamber.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment 1
A kind of biomass gasification boiler, including body of heater 1, furnace chamber, charging aperture 2, closed ash-falling chamber 17, normally closed ash hole 3,
It is characterized in that the top of the furnace chamber is charging hopper 4, bottom is combustion chamber 5, and the bottom of the combustion chamber 5 is provided with electronics point
Firearm;Hollow furnace sandwich 9 is provided between the shell of body of heater 1 and furnace chamber, the top of furnace sandwich 9 is flue 10, and bottom is water
Water is full of among chamber 11, water cavity 11, the vertical tube of some fume pipes 12 is provided with the middle of the annular circumferential of water cavity 11, if dry flue gas
Pipe 12 is in some U-shaped, fire grate 14 of some fume pipes 12 in the bottom formation support of combustion chamber 5;In the annular circumferential of flue 10
Between be provided with some water pipes 13, water pipe 13 is connected with water cavity 11, and fume pipe 12 is connected with flue 10;Fume pipe 12 it is U-shaped
Some air inlet pipe 15 are communicated between bottom and closed ash-falling chamber 17;The top of furnace sandwich 9 is provided through body of heater 1 by cigarette
Road 10 and the escape pipe 6 of extraneous UNICOM;The top of some water pipes 13 is connected with annular water chamber 18, annular water chamber 18 and the phase of outlet pipe 8
Connection, water inlet pipe 7 is connected with water cavity 11;The bottom of fire grate 14 is provided with ash port 16;The fume pipe 12 is provided with 8~36
It is individual;The housing diameter of body of heater 1 is 1.5~2.2 meters, high 2.5~3.1 meters;The charging aperture 2 is circular or positive square, if
For circle, a diameter of 40~60 centimetres, if square, the length of side is 40~60 centimetres;Sealing is provided with the charging aperture 2
Lid;The way of supplying water of the water inlet pipe 7 uses tap water supply or cistern water supply;The feed-type of boiler is hand feed or machine
Device is fed, and machine feed is using vibra feeder feed or belt conveyer feed;The connection cooking of outlet pipe 8 water pipe,
Heating water pipe or shower water pipe;Escape pipe 6 is by connecting industrial miniature boiler tracheae or domestic burners after purifier
Stove tracheae;The connection of escape pipe 6 spray column, multistage filter and aspiration pump.
In use, the valve of water inlet pipe 7 and aspiration pump are opened, make to be full of water in water cavity 11, by enough biomass
Fuel is manually directly filled into furnace chamber, is not required to, with procedures such as briquettings, save operating cost, then light a fire, make biomass
Fuel can not be burnt completely, and the heat of fuel combustion is absorbed by the water in water cavity 11, and heated water is discharged by outlet pipe 8,
The gas that imperfect combustion is produced enters fume pipe 12 by air inlet pipe 15, is then extracted out from escape pipe 6, and gas is by spray
Tower, multistage filter are purified layer by layer, are finally reached the purity requirement that can be burnt.
The present invention provides a kind of biomass gasification boiler, and simple in construction, small volume, manufacturing cost is low, and operating cost is low, behaviour
Facilitate, it is raw material to make full use of agricultural waste and house refuse etc., low to ingredient requirement, produced using the imperfect combustion of fuel
Raw carbon monoxide, gasification efficiency is high, and safety energy-conserving environment protection, heat utilization ratio is high.Between boiler furnace shell and furnace chamber of the present invention
Have and water is full of among furnace sandwich, interlayer, the heat of fuel combustion is absorbed by the water in the middle of furnace sandwich, is arrived through furnace sandwich
Up to the heat very little of body of heater shell, furnace wall accumulation of heat is also corresponding less, reduces heat-energy losses, improves the thermal efficiency.
Biomass fuel used in the present invention is seen everywhere, and belongs to the renewable sources of energy, and reusable edible can replace timber, coal, day
Right gas, it is economical and practical, to environment without any pollution after burning, really realize carbon monoxide zero-emission, sulfide zero-emission, without
Gas desulphurisation plant is set, cost is reduced, protects environment, the carbon dioxide that biomass combustion is discharged in addition is roughly the same
The carbon dioxide absorbed when it grows by photosynthesis, it is thus possible to be thought as the zero-emission of carbon dioxide, contribute to
Alleviate the discharge of greenhouse effects, effectively reduction PM2.5, solve the problems, such as that peasant carries out crop straw burning and dumping, while will money
Source makes full use of, and the ashes after boiler combustion are the organic potassic fertilizers of high-quality, is extraordinary fertilizer, achieves many things at one stroke in fact.
Closure is provided with charging aperture of the present invention, closure, which can be opened, to close, if ratio of combustion is more vigorous, can closed
Closure is closed to control oxygen-supplying amount.
The way of supplying water of water inlet pipe of the present invention uses tap water supply or cistern water supply.Cistern water supply mode is in pot
One elevated tank is set above stove, and its simple structure, working stability is firm, whole water system pressure can be stablized, and can be full
The spilling water of sufficient water system and moisturizing request;The feed-type of boiler of the present invention is that hand feed or machine are fed, hand feed
It is suitable for the less demanding situation of boiler load;Machine feed is fed using vibra feeder or belt conveyer, boiler
The adjustment of load is controlled by the adjustment of feeding coal.
Outlet pipe of the present invention can connect cooking water pipe, heating water pipe or shower water pipe;Water is sufficient, temperature
Height, cost is low, can use, not limited by season throughout the year, and safely, health, environmental protection;Escape pipe of the present invention
Industrial miniature boiler tracheae or home furnace tracheae can be connected, CO gas burning can match in excellence or beauty liquefied gas, improve life
Bioplasm amount, the discharge of contamination-free gas.
Escape pipe connection spray column of the present invention, multistage filter, spray column can enter the gas discharged in escape pipe
High atomization nozzle in row purification, spray column can come out the flue dust and tar separation in gas, and then gas passes through multistage again
Filter carries out multiple times of filtration, ensures the higher degree of fuel gas transferred out to greatest extent.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, enables professional and technical personnel in the field to realize or using the present invention,
A variety of modifications to the present embodiment will be apparent for those skilled in the art, those skilled in the art's root
Go out the product of other structures according to the principle design of the present invention, belong to protection scope of the present invention, the present invention will not be limited
In embodiment illustrated herein, and it is to fit to the most wide scope consistent with features of novelty with principles disclosed herein.