RU2341727C1 - Gas generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to facilities for gasification of wood residue and can be employed for processing of humid sawdust into generator gas usable as fuel of internal combustion engines of mobile electro-stations. The technical result of the invention is achieved in a gas generator of the reverse process of gasification; the said generator comprises a lined case where sawdust is dried in its upper part and a coaxially installed shroud forming "a jacket" with the case; the said generator also comprises a sleeve with a throttle gate connected to the interior part of coaxial pipeline communicated with a combustion chamber arranged at the level of a tuyere belt; it ( the generator) comprises a device for vibro-fluidisation of sawdust which is installed in the case; the said devise is equipped with a vibrator of a cam type; the vibro-fluidisation device is arranged below the tuyere belt in a reduction chamber; a removable ash grid with an ash chamber is installed under the vibro-fluidisation device.

EFFECT: invention facilitates gasification of sawdust with relative humidity to 120 wt % into generator gas usable as fuel for internal combustion engines.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for the gasification of wood waste and can be used to process wet sawdust into generator gas, suitable for powering internal combustion engines of mobile power plants, and allows gasification of sawdust with a relative humidity of up to 120 wt.%. into generator gas suitable for powering internal combustion engines.

Known gas generator for gasification of solid fuels: peat, peat briquettes, firewood, wood waste. The gas generator comprises a housing with a lining and a furnace door, a fuel hopper with a loading hatch, an ash chamber and a vault divider. The ash chamber has a door for its removal and a device for supplying and regulating air. The vault divider is installed inside the casing; under the vault divider there is an opening for venting gases with a flame tube inserted into it and a grate with movable lifting and lifting mechanism. The flame tube has a device for supplying and regulating secondary air. The gas generator is equipped with rotary blades mounted inside the housing. The axis of rotation of the blades are parallel to the divider. The divider in the upper part is provided with a vertical plate, the divider and the vertical plate are provided with transverse ribs. The operation of the device is based on the gasification of solid fuel during its combustion and the supply of combustible gas to the flame tube and the subsequent supply of gas to the heating device (see, for example, RU 2147601 C1, Ml. C10J 3/20, publ. 04/20/2000) [1] .

The disadvantages of the device are the ability to operate the device only in conjunction with external heat exchangers; the inability to produce generator gas suitable for powering internal combustion engines; the absence of a heat exchange device for heating the liquid directly in the gas generator; relatively low temperature in the combustion chamber, which does not allow for intensive removal of moisture from sawdust; the divider does not allow for the full passage of gases in finely divided wood waste, such as sawdust.

These disadvantages limit the scope of the device used only for heating residential and industrial premises.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result to the claimed invention is a gas generator of the reversed gasification process, containing a lined housing with drying sawdust in its upper part and a coaxially mounted housing forming a “jacket” with the housing (see, for example, RU 2074884 C1, Mcl . C10J 3/20, published March 10, 1997) [2].

The disadvantage of this gas generator is the impossibility of gasification of fine sawdust with humidity up to 120 wt.% Due to low efficiency due to the large dimensions of the gas generator.

The technical result, the achievement of which the claimed invention is directed, is the elimination of these disadvantages.

To achieve the specified technical result, the specified gasifier has a reversed gasification process, comprising a lined case with sawdust drying in its upper part and a coaxially mounted casing forming a “jacket” with the case, according to the invention there is a nozzle with a throttle valve connected to the inside of the coaxial pipeline with a combustion chamber located at the level of the tuyere belt, there is a sawdust vibratory fluidization device equipped with an eccentric vibrator on the type and disposed below the blast zone recovery chamber and positioned below the device vibroozhizheniya Zolnikova removable grille with Zolnikova camera.

In addition, the housing has an inspection hatch for removing the vibratory fluidization device.

In addition, the tuyere belt consists of eight air supply pipes.

The drawing shows a diagram of a gas generator.

The gas generator comprises a lined housing 1 with a drying zone 2 in its upper part and a coaxially mounted casing 3, forming a “jacket” 4 with the housing 1, a nozzle 5 with a throttle valve 6, connected to the inner part of the coaxial pipe 7 located in the combustion chamber 8 located at the level of the tuyere belt, in the housing 1 is placed a sawdust vibro-fluidization device 9, equipped with an eccentric type vibrator 10 and located below the tuyere belt in the recovery chamber 11, and a shift device is located under the vibro-fluidization device 9 I (mobile) Zolnikova Zolnikova grating 12 with chamber 13. The body 1 has a manhole 14 to the extraction device 9 vibroozhizheniya. The tuyere belt consists of eight air supply pipes 15.

The gas generator operates on wet sawdust, and the device 9 for its vibration liquefaction contributes to the full passage of gas into the recovery chamber 11, which allows to obtain a gas rich in combustible components such as carbon monoxide CO, methane CH ₄ and especially hydrogen H ₂ . The device 9 for vibratory fluidization is driven by an electric vibrator 10 of an eccentric type. The vibration fluidizing device 9 is removable and is removed from the housing 1 through a special inspection hatch 14. The vibration frequency of the vibration fluidizing device 9 is adjustable from 1 to 50 Hz. The inspection hatch 14 is closed by a cover 16 of the hatch 14 through a graphite or asbestos gasket 17, which ensures tightness by fixing with a wedge-shaped gripper 18. The vibro-fluidizing device 9 is located below the tuyere in the recovery chamber 11. Through eight nozzles 15 of the tuyere belt, air is supplied to ensure the burning of sawdust. Below the vibration-fluidizing device 9 is a removable (movable) ash-pan grate 12. Generator gas passes through the ash-bar grate 12 into the ash-chamber 13, enters through the holes 19 into the “jacket” 4 between the housing 1 and the casing 3, rises up the “shirt” 4, heating drying zone 2 in the upper part of the gas generator. The ash together with the generator gas is lowered through the ash pan 12 to the pallet 20 and periodically removed outside through the ash pan hatch 21. A segment reflector 22 is used to uniformly flow hot gas over the upper part of the gas generator 22. Gas is supplied to the internal combustion engine through the nozzle 5.

The gas generator operates due to the forced draft of the generator gas by an internal combustion engine. When starting the gas generator, the thrust of the generator gas is provided by the ignition fan 23. In zone 2 of the drying of the gasifier, sawdust is intensively dried at a temperature of 300 ° C. The generated steam is removed through valve 24 to the outside. The valve 24 is located on the cover 25 of the loading hatch 26, which is tightly attached to the body of the gas generator by means of a graphite or asbestos gasket 27 by fixing it with a wedge-shaped gripper 28. As the sawdust is lowered inside the gas generator, the drying process goes into the pyrolysis process at a temperature of 400-600 ° C. Between the tuyere belt and the ash-pan lattice 12, the process of reduction of CO ₂ to CO occurs, as well as the decomposition of water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen partially goes to the formation of methane CH ₄ , and oxygen - to the formation of CO, reacting with carbon fuel. To increase the temperature in the combustion chamber 8 to 1200 ° -1500 ° C, the process of partial re-capture of the generator gas is applied, which is captured through the throttle valve 6 from the pipe 5 and enters the combustion chamber 8 through the inside of the coaxial pipeline 7. In this case, air enters the combustion chamber 8 through the outer part of the coaxial pipeline 7. Partial reverse supply of the generator gas to the combustion chamber 8 makes it possible, by increasing the temperature, to ensure intensive removal of moisture from the sawdust through the valve 24, the full burning of the sawdust subjected to pyrolysis and the maximum decomposition of resinous substances.

The indicated differences of the described device in comparison with [2] allow us to talk about the expansion of the device's functions and the scope of its application, in particular, the processing of wet sawdust accumulated in the form of large heaps in the territory of woodworking enterprises into thermal and electric energy. In addition, the described device is characterized by higher efficiency and ease of manufacture. The above indicates that there is a causal relationship between the distinguishing features and the technical result. Achievable specified technical result when using the proposed device provides a socially beneficial effect:

- profitability - wet sawdust is processed through one load and in one device, without preliminary drying in drying devices;

- compactness - increasing the specific amount of heat and electric energy removed from a unit volume of a gas generator;

- inertia - the continuity of work over time with the timely filing of sawdust and the ability to work offline with one load;

- high environmental performance of the gas generator is determined by the combustion of combustible gases in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine with the emission into the atmosphere of only inert components of the generator gas: nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. The amount of carbon dioxide is reduced by 3 times compared with the operation of the internal combustion engine on liquid fuel. There are no salts of heavy metals, CO, nitrogen oxides, etc. in the emissions.

According to available information, the proposed set of essential features characterizing the possibility of processing sawdust with a moisture content of up to 120 wt.% Into a full-fledged generator gas is not known from the prior art, therefore, the invention is novel. The essence of the claimed invention does not follow for a specialist explicitly from the prior art. The set of features characterizing the known gas generators does not provide the possibility of processing sawdust with a moisture content of up to 120 wt.% In one device without preliminary drying, which indicates the receipt of new properties inherent in the present invention. Therefore, the present invention meets the condition of "inventive step".

This invention can be used in the wood processing industry as cheap sources of heat and electric energy used for production needs. On the other hand, the invention solves the problem of recycling wood waste, in particular sawdust, directly on the territory of wood processing industries. This device is simple to manufacture and can repeatedly provide the specified technical result, which allows us to conclude the industrial applicability of the invention.

Literature

1 RU 2147601 C1, published on 04/20/2000 - analogue.

2. RU 2074884 C1, published on 03/10/1997 - prototype.

Claims (3)

1. The gasifier of the reversed gasification process, containing a lined housing with drying sawdust in its upper part and a coaxially mounted casing forming a “jacket” with the housing, a nozzle with a throttle valve connected to the inner part of the coaxial pipeline in communication with the combustion chamber located at the level of the tuyere belt, in the case there is a sawdust vibratory fluidization device equipped with an eccentric type vibrator and located below the tuyere belt in the recovery chamber, and under the vibrator device For fluidization there is a replaceable ash pan with an ash pan. 2. The gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing has an inspection hatch for removing the vibratory fluidization device. 3. The gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the tuyere belt consists of eight air supply pipes.