RU2293252C2 - Device for burning raw peat and wooden chips in furnace of heating plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises cylindrical housing of the retort with electrical heating, branch pipe for removing solid residuals from the retort, gas discharging pipes with burners, and screw feeder for supplying fuel to the retort. The retort is directly built in the furnace space of the heating plant and provided with flanges that project out of the furnace space at the housing ends. The front part of the flanges is provided with the screw feeder, and the back side of the flanges has tubular electrical heater mounted inside the retort. The branch pipe for removing solid residuals is mounted in the back section of the housing from below. The gas discharging pipes are made in block with the burners and mounted from above on the housing of the retort. The bottom section of the furnace space receives the fire grate for collecting and afterburning the solid residuals.

EFFECT: expanded functional capabilities.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat engineering, in particular to devices for heating buildings for various purposes.

There is a method of dry distillation of solid fuel, in which under the influence of high temperature there is a pyrolytic decomposition of fuel into two components - combustible gases and dry residue - semi-coke, resin, ash (see Heat Engineering: Textbook / Under the general editorship of I.N.Sushkin, 2- e ed. revised - M .: Metallurgy, 1973 - S.221-222.

A known method of continuous gasification of solid fuel and a device for its implementation, which allows for the complete decomposition of solid fuel in a sealed chamber in which solid fuel is moved using a screw feeder (see RF Patent No. 2002110164, class C 10 V 47/00, 2003) .

A gas generator for solid fuel is known, comprising a housing with a lining, a fuel hopper, an ash chamber (see RF Patent No. 2147601, class C 10 J 3/20, 2000).

A disadvantage of the known devices is the inconvenience of maintenance, the complexity of the design.

Also known is the design of a solid fuel gasifier containing a retort housing with an electric heater, a nozzle for removing solid residues from the retort, exhaust pipes with burners, a screw feeder for supplying fuel to the retort (see RF Patent No. 2232347, class F 23 G 5/27 , 2004).

A disadvantage of the known device is the inability to use the resulting combustible gas directly in the place of its production, i.e. the need for its transportation through pipelines to the furnace of the heat generator, which requires additional devices (blowers, compressors, etc.) and, accordingly, additional energy costs.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to expand the possibility of using raw peat and sawdust for heating purposes.

The technical result is the expansion of operational capabilities and areas of use of heating devices, increasing the efficiency and efficiency of use of these fuels.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device for burning raw peat and sawdust in the furnaces of heating units, including a cylindrical retort casing with an electric heater, a pipe for removing solid residues from the retort, gas pipes with burners, a screw feeder for supplying fuel to the retort , according to the invention, the retort is integrated directly into the combustion chamber of the heating unit, has flanges at the ends of the casing that extend outside the combustion chamber, to with which a screw feeder is fixed (fixed) in the front and a tubular electric heater (TEN) located inside the retort, in the rear part, there is a pipe for removing solid residues from the bottom in the back, gas exhaust pipes are made together with burners and located on top of the body retorts, in the lower part of the furnace space there is a grate for collecting and afterburning solid residues.

Inside the retort, a screw feeder continuously feeds fuel - raw peat or sawdust, which, as a result of heating to a certain temperature, undergoes a process of thermal (pyrogenetic) decomposition with the release of volatile substances - combustible gases and solid residue - semi-coke, which contains combustible components - carbon compounds, resins, etc.

The gas obtained by this method through the exhaust pipes located on top of the retort body, enters the burner and, mixed with the oxygen of the air entering through the blowing device, burns in the furnace of the heating unit (furnace) with the release of heat. The solid residue is removed from the retort and falls on the grate located under the retort, where it accumulates a layer during the operation of the unit and, having a high temperature, burns out with the release of additional heat.

A comparative analysis allows us to conclude that in the inventive device for burning raw peat and sawdust, the process of dry distillation of fuel occurs continuously in the area of direct use of decomposition products to obtain heat in the furnaces of heating units (furnaces). Compact in design.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of the operation of the device.

A device for burning raw peat and sawdust in the furnaces of heating units contains a cylindrical body of a retort 1, built into the furnace space 2 of the heating unit (furnace) (not shown in the drawing). The body of the retort 1 is installed in the furnace space 2 in such a way that both of its ends, leaning on the walls of the furnace 3, go outside on its opposite sides, and at one end there is a flange 4 for installing and fixing a tubular electric heater TENA 5, and on the other a flange 6 for installing and attaching a screw feeder 7 with a fuel hopper 8. From the front edge of the retort 1 there are radially located through holes 9 to remove moisture entering the retort 1 with the fuel.

In the upper part of the housing of the retort 1 there are gas exhaust pipes 10 equipped with nozzles - burners 11 for burning combustible gas. Bottom in the rear part on the body of the retort 1 in the rear part there is a pipe 12 for removing solid residue from the retort 1 - semi-coke and ash.

Inside the furnace space 2 below the retort 1 there is a grate 13 for collecting and burning out the solid residue removed from the retort on its surface. To carry out cleaning of the grate 13 from burned residues in the wall of the furnace 3 there is an opening 14 with a door and a device for supplying and regulating secondary air 15. In the lower part of the furnace 3, under the grate 13, a drawer 16 is installed for collecting ash placed on its front wall devices 17 for supplying and regulating primary air.

The device for burning raw peat and sawdust is as follows.

Using a screw feeder 7, peat or wood chips from the hopper 8 enter the retort 1, completely filling the internal space, compacting and displacing the atmospheric air from there. Power is supplied from the mains to the tubular electric heater TEN 5, and the fuel is heated. When the temperature in the fuel layer reaches 500-550 ° C, the process of thermal decomposition of the fuel begins - dry distillation. When this occurs, the release and exit through the exhaust pipes 10 of the burner 11 of combustible gases and their combustion with the release of heat in the furnace space 2 of the heating unit (furnace).

To prevent clogging of the exhaust pipes 10 with fuel, their lower ends have angled ends on the opposite side of the fuel and are lowered into the retort 1 in such a way that a hollow groove is formed in the back of the fuel into the depth of the fuel layer, filled with the gases formed having a partial pressure above atmospheric , which allows them to go outside under natural pressure.

The air necessary for burning gas enters the burners 11 through a device for supplying and regulating secondary air 15. In this device, due to the constant supply of fuel by the screw feeder 7 from the hopper 8, the process proceeds continuously, while under the pressure of a moving fuel, the formed solid residues are displaced from the retort 1 through the pipe 12 and fall on the grate 13, on which they accumulate and burn out in the layer, giving off additional heat.

The air necessary for burning out the solid residues enters the grate 13 through the device for supplying and regulating the primary air 17. If necessary, lid or remove burnt solid residues use an opening 14 with a door in the furnace wall.

When a sufficient temperature is reached in the furnace space, the tubular electric heater TEN 5 is automatically turned off and the processes continue autonomously due to the constant supply of fresh fuel.

For the periodic removal of ash that has fallen through the slots of the grate 13, a sliding storage box 16 is used.

The placement of the retort (gas generator) directly in the furnace of the heating unit (furnace) provides both the generation and combustion of combustible components (gas, coke) directly in the heating unit, as a result of which there is no need for pipelines for transporting gas to the burners and the need for an external heat source for heating fuel in a gas generator.

Semicoke and hot slag removed from the retort, remaining in the furnace on the grate in the layer, continue to participate in the heat transfer process until the combustible residue is completely burned out and cooled.

The use of continuous fuel supply using a screw feeder directly to the retort eliminates heat loss during fuel loading.

The stages of drying, thermal decomposition of fuel, its gasification and combustion take place in a moving mass of fuel in a sequential chain of operations in the direction of its movement inside the retort, from the feeding of a semi-coke and slag residues from it by a screw feeder to the entrance to the retort, unlike the same processes.

Using the proposed device can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of using raw peat and sawdust by placing a retort (gas generator) directly in the furnace space, thereby reducing heat loss and simplifying the process of servicing heating units (furnaces).

The proposed design of a device for burning raw peat and sawdust in the furnaces of heating units can be used for heat supply.

Claims (1)

A device for burning raw peat and sawdust in the furnaces of heating units, including a cylindrical retort housing with an electric heater, a pipe for removing solid residues from the retort, gas exhaust pipes with burners, a screw feeder for supplying fuel to the retort, and the retort is built directly into the furnace heating space of the unit, has flanges at the ends of the casing that extend outside the furnace space to which the screw feeder is attached (attached) to the front and pipes to the rear a heated electric heater (TEN), located inside the retort, with a bottom for removing solid residues from the bottom in the back of the case, gas exhaust pipes are made together with burners and located on top of the retort, in the lower part of the furnace space there is a grate for collecting and afterburning solid residues.