CN202054794U - Recovery device for using straws to produce carbon, gas and byproducts - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to straw comprehensive utilization equipment, in particular to a recovery device for using straws to produce carbon, gas and byproducts. The recovery device comprises a carbonization furnace, a purifier, a coke knocker, at least one condensate separator, a blower, a cyclone separator, a gas-liquid separator, at least one gas-phase purifier, at least one gas-phase separator and a gas storage tank, which are in flanged connection through hot galvanizing pipes in sequence; and recovery ponds include byproduct classification recovery and circulation ponds such as a wood tar recovery pond, a wood vinegar recovery pond or a water circulation pond. Through the adoption of the recovery device, not only can high-quality combustible gas be produced, but also carbon, wood tar, wood vinegar and other byproducts also can be produced. Therefore, the utility model is particularly suitable for rural central heating.

Description

Using straw to make charcoal, gas and by-product recovery device

technical field

The utility model relates to a straw comprehensive utilization device for central heating in rural areas, that is, a device for making charcoal, gas and by-product recovery by using straw.

Background technique

Biomass is organic matter produced by plants through photosynthesis. Biomass energy is a type of solar energy. Compared with mineral energy, biomass is cleaner. Plant biomass includes wood, firewood, weeds, pine needle leaves, crop straw, cattle Sheep and livestock dung, edible mushroom residue, etc. At present, except for a part of the utilization of biomass as feed, most of it is directly incinerated, causing waste of resources and environmental pollution; the other part is burned in a gasifier and the combustible gas produced during the combustion process is used as energy for reuse. Existing biomass gasifiers, also known as straw gasifiers or gas generators, are divided into direct-fired (semi-gasified) and gas-guided (gas-producing) gasifiers. Although the existing gasifiers in operation utilize biomass raw materials, there are still some problems as follows: 1. Some gasifiers have relatively high requirements for biomass raw materials, and the biomass raw materials must be crushed into fine particles. Therefore, it is necessary to add a pulverizer with a higher power, resulting in an increase in the cost of biomass utilization. Because the raw material is broken into fine particles, its operating temperature reaches as high as 1100-1300°C. Although the content of tar components and condensate in the output gas is very low, and the carbon conversion rate can reach 100%, due to the high operating temperature, it is easy to sinter and gasify The furnace loses its gasification function due to slagging, so it is difficult to select materials, which narrows the range of available biomass raw materials, which is not conducive to the promotion of biomass utilization. 2. The problem of wood tar is the biggest obstacle affecting the use of gasification gas. Many gasification furnaces do not filter out the wood tar mixed in the combustible gas during the gasification process, resulting in the wood tar sticking to the nozzles of various burners during the use of the gasification gas, causing gas stoves, gas boilers or The gas-fired generator set cannot run for a long time, and has a pungent smell, which causes secondary pollution and directly affects the utilization of biomass energy. 3. The environmental requirements for the storage of biomass raw materials and the single use of raw materials also make some gasifiers unable to work normally. Some gasifiers require the moisture in the biomass raw materials to be below 10% because they do not have a water separation device, otherwise The gasified gas cannot be ignited due to its high moisture content. Currently, biomass raw materials are generally stored in the open air, which is easily affected by natural weather. For example, rainwater and humid environments can easily dampen biomass raw materials. The single raw material used on the gasifier affects the output and quality of the gas produced by the gasifier, and the continuity of the gasifier's work is destroyed. 4. Pollution to the environment has been caused. Due to design defects of many gasification furnaces, the pollution of smoke to the atmosphere and the damage of refractory substances to soil are caused. Many gasification furnaces produce a mixture of ash and wood tar during the gasification process. Due to wood tar It has strong oxidation resistance, so this mixture is difficult to decompose in the natural state, and the production of a large amount of mixture will cause land occupation and damage to soil. 5. Many imported gasifiers with complete functions are expensive, require a large amount of investment, and have a long payback period, which affects the utilization of biomass resources.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a new type of straw charcoal, gas and by-product recovery device that can produce high-quality combustible gas, and can also produce charcoal, wood tar, and wood acetic acid recovery.

The technical solution of the utility model is: using straw to make charcoal, the gas and by-product recovery device includes a carbonization furnace, a purifier, a coke remover, at least one condensation separator, a fan, a cyclone separator, and a gas-liquid separator connected in sequence , at least one gas phase purifier, at least one gas phase separator, and a gas storage tank. The parts are connected by flanges by hot-dip galvanized pipes. The condensation separator, the gas phase purifier and the gas phase separator are not limited to one, but may be multiple in order to achieve a better effect, such as two condensation separators arranged side by side. Two gas phase purifiers are arranged side by side. Two gas phase separators are arranged side by side. A water seal device is installed between the gas phase separator and the gas storage tank to prevent the backflow of gas in the gas storage tank and to clean the gas. Or a water sealing device is provided between the gas phase purifier and the gas phase separator. At least one drier is connected between the gas storage tank and the gas outlet to reduce the moisture in the gas. Purifiers, decokers, condensation separators, cyclone separators, gas phase separators, oil outlets of gas storage tanks are connected to recovery pools, and the recovery pools include wood tar recovery pools, wood acetic acid recovery pools or water circulation pools and other by-product classification recovery, circulation pool. The lower part of one side of the carbonization furnace body has a plurality of side-by-side smoke outlets, and the multiple smoke outlets are connected to the front smoke chamber, and the smoke chamber has a number of decreasing smoke outlets, and each smoke outlet is connected to the front smoke chamber (the smoke outlets are evenly distributed). reduce), and finally connected to the purifier through a smoke outlet, and finally achieve uniform smoking, which is beneficial to charcoal production. The working process of this device: different biomass raw materials, regardless of size, thickness, and different shapes, such as rice husks, cotton stalks, corn stalks, corncobs, fruit shells, sawdust, branches, etc., can be mixed into the carbonization furnace for ignition. , by controlling the oxygen supply in the combustion furnace, the biomass raw material in the furnace is carbonized, and the flue gas generated during the carbonization process enters the purifier, decoker, and condensation separator sequentially through the fan and component connecting pipelines, and passes through the above-mentioned The equipment removes the moisture and wood tar in the flue gas, and finally enters the gas phase separator for mixing to form combustible gas with high utilization value, which is output from the gas output pipe of the mixer. Since the device can control the oxygen supply of the combustion furnace, it can also control the carbonization degree of the biomass raw material during the gasification process. If the carbonization degree is appropriate, a certain amount of charcoal can be produced in the combustion furnace. The invention of this device will improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of biomass. With the popularization and application of this device, biomass energy will serve all aspects of industrial and agricultural production and life.

The utility model has the advantages: 1. There is no discharge of three wastes in the technological process, and no waste gas, waste residue and waste liquid are discharged in the whole production process, which reduces the pollution caused by straw burning to the environment, promotes environmental protection and economic coordination, and conforms to the current agricultural grain production process. The development trend of safe production will bring huge benefits to the adjustment of agricultural industry structure and the increase of farmers' income. 2. The biomass charcoal, biomass tar, wood acetic acid liquid, and biomass gas produced by this equipment have high utilization value. This is a cycle that converts agricultural and forestry waste into industrial raw materials and realizes renewable energy. economic engineering. 3. It can greatly improve the full utilization of biomass energy, accelerate the industrialization of straw carbonization, drive the deep processing of straw industry, add a new way for straw deep processing, develop a new project, and speed up the adjustment of industrial structure . 4. The generated biomass carbon block is the main raw material for industry, agriculture, military and other industries. 5. Different raw materials can be mixed and carbonized in the carbonization kiln at the same time, which changes the existing technological process that the diameter of the trunk should not be less than 6cm and the trunks with different thicknesses cannot be mixed. 6. Multiple sets of continuous purification equipment are used to obtain high-quality gas that fully meets the gas regulations. During the carbonization process, biomass tar and wood acetic acid are separated and recovered, which improves the low environmental protection level of the existing carbonization process. Secondary pollution to the environment caused by flue gas, tar, and wood acetic acid. 7. The oxygen-controlled carbonization process is adopted in the carbonization, which changes the existing charcoal-burning process of carbonization and de-oxygenation and simmering and carbonization, and changes the existing simmering-fired carbonization process. The production cycle is long, the production is difficult to control, and the product yield is low. status quo. 8. Raw materials can be added at any time during the charcoal burning process to increase the carbonization output, and the production process is simple and safe to operate. Change the current situation that the existing smoldering and carbonization are difficult to control and the product yield is low. 9. Improve the process execution rate and quality standards, shorten the carbonization cycle, and can produce more than 2 tons of carbon products in 8-10 hours, which is 1/20 of the existing carbonization time of 168 hours for smoldering and carbonization. The process cycle is short and the output is high. 10. Save wood, protect forest resources, and protect the ecological environment. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, easy popularization and the like.

Embodiments of the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model.

Figure 2 is a schematic top view of the carbonization furnace.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the purifier.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the decoker.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the condensation separator.

Detailed ways

Referring to Fig. 1, the device for making charcoal from straw, gas and by-product recovery includes a carbonization furnace 1, a purifier 2, a decoker 3, two vertical condensation separators 4, a Roots blower 5, and a cyclone separator 6 connected in sequence , gas-liquid separator 7, two gas-phase purifiers 42, water sealing device 9, two gas-phase separators 8, water sealing device 9, gas storage tank 10, two dryers 11, gas outlet 12. And the branch connects boiler 13, realizes heat supply.

Purifier 2, decoker 3, condensation separator 4, cyclone separator 6, gas-liquid separator 7, gas phase separator 8, oil outlet of gas storage tank 10 and wood tar recovery pool 14, wood acetic acid recovery pool 15 Or by-product sorting pools such as water circulation pool 16 are connected.

Referring to Figure 2, the carbonization furnace 1 adopts a pool type, open, semi-underground, brick-concrete structure, and has the characteristics of low cost, good heat preservation and sealing effect, and easy operation. There are a plurality of side-by-side smoke outlets 17 (twelve in the figure) at the lower part of one side of the body of the carbonization furnace 1, and the plurality of smoke outlets 17 are connected to the front smoke chamber 18, and the smoke chamber 18 has a plurality of smoke outlets 19 in decreasing order (figure 1). There are four in the middle), and each smoking port 19 is connected to the front smoke cavity 20 again, and is finally connected with the purifier 2 through a smoking port 21. This allows an even distribution of the gas to ensure the quality of the carbonization.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the purifier 2 (or purification pool) includes an air inlet 22 , an air outlet 23 (connected to the decoker 3 ), an oil outlet 24 , a waist grate 25 , and an explosion-proof cover 26 . Purifier 2 is filled with filtration and purification raw materials, which can be selected as raw materials with adsorption and filtration functions such as corncobs, coke, Pall rings, activated carbon, etc. according to different biomass raw materials. Features a Pall ring. The flue gas is low in and high out, which is used to filter larger particles in the flue gas and heavy substances in the gas. Tar and wood acetic acid are discharged into the recovery pool by the oil discharge port 24.

Referring to Fig. 4, be provided with waist grate 27 (filter screen plate) in the decoker 3, be welded with three standpipes 28 on the waist grate 27, standpipe 28 has to prevent the low winter air temperature in the north from causing filler to freeze and affect production. This phenomenon can be avoided by installing the tube. Air inlet 29, air outlet 30 (connecting condensation separator 4), oil discharge port 31, manhole 32, 33, 34, filter cavity, filter screen plate are arranged on the tank body. Inside the tank is a Pall ring. The decoker 3 adopts a low-in and high-out structure. The gas enters the filter cavity from the lower part of the filter through the air inlet 29 and then passes through the filter screen. After the wood tar in the gas condenses on the filter screen, it automatically collects to the bottom of the filter under the action of gravity, and is discharged by the oil. The overflow of port 31 flows into wood tar recovery tank 14.

Referring to FIG. 5 , the condensing separator 4 includes a plurality of vertical condensing chambers 36 connected in a cylinder 35 , an air inlet central pipe 37 , an air outlet 38 , and an oil outlet 39 . The condensation cavity 36 has a water inlet 41 and a water outlet 40, and forms a condensation circulation system with the water in the water circulation pool 16. Gas flows in at the air inlet central pipe 37 and flows out at the gas outlet 38. After the residual water vapor and wood acetic acid molecules in the gas are cooled, they are mixed into wood acetic acid liquid and discharged into the wood acetic acid recovery tank 15. In order to further achieve the condensation effect, the pipeline of the air intake central pipe 37 extends to the bottom of the cylinder body 35, and the gas flows upward from the bottom, which prolongs the condensation route and realizes cooling, separation, and heat recovery. The air outlet 38 is connected to the fan 5 through a pipeline. The main function of the fan 5 is to export the gas in the combustion furnace and send it to the gas phase separator 8 . Condensation separator 4 can be arranged side by side (two in Fig. 1), to achieve better separation effect.

Cyclone separator 6 is a commercially available product, which can remove solid particles in the gas and further purify the gas (figure omitted). Gas-liquid separator 7 is provided with a waist grate, which is filled with coke or activated carbon to remove tar and peculiar smell, and the bottom is connected with wood tar recovery pool 14 and wood acetic acid recovery pool 15 (figure omitted). The gas phase purifier 42 is equipped with a waist grate, and the upper part of the waist grate is filled with purified raw materials and Pall rings, and the bottom has an oil discharge port (figure omitted); the gas phase separator is equipped with a waist grate, and the upper part of the waist grate is filled with separated water, oil Purification raw materials, such as steel wool balls, have an oil discharge port at the bottom (picture omitted). There is water in water sealing device 9 internal memory, and air inlet, air outlet are arranged on it, and oil discharge port is arranged at the bottom, and water supply port is arranged at the side, and gas passes into water and obtains purification (figure omitted). The gas outlet of the water seal device 9 is connected to the gas storage tank 10 through a pipeline, and the output pipeline of the gas storage tank 10 is connected to the drier. The desiccant is filled in the drier, and the gas outlet of the drier is transported to the user through the pipeline. Biomass charcoal, biomass tar, wood acetic acid, and biomass gas produced by this process technology have high utilization value. It is a circular economy that converts agricultural and forestry waste into industrial raw materials and realizes renewable energy. project.

Usage method: 1. Raw material collection and treatment: classify the collected biomass raw materials into storage according to the size, and crush the larger biomass raw materials; 2. Put into the furnace: put the above-mentioned processed biomass raw materials into the carbonization furnace, The placed biomass raw material is a single raw material or a mixed raw material; when the biomass raw material is put into the furnace, ensure that the upper surface of the raw material is flat to avoid gaps in the raw material, and the biomass raw material is filled with the carbonization kiln. 3. Surface treatment of biomass raw materials in the carbonization furnace: the upper surface of the biomass raw materials with a flat surface in the above-mentioned carbonization furnace is covered with a layer of scraps. The thickness of the scraps is determined according to the thickness of the biomass raw materials. Generally, the thickness of the scraps 2~5cm; 4. Ignition: use upper ignition, evenly ignite on the upper surface of the carbonization furnace; 5. Turn on the induced draft fan: by controlling the oxygen supply in the carbonization kiln, ensure that the biomass raw material is carbonized in the carbonization kiln for carbonization and reaction Use the length of the start and stop time of the induced draft fan to control the oxygen content, start the induced draft fan for 30 minutes, then stop for 30 minutes, add biomass raw materials while carbonizing, repeat the above steps for 8-10 hours. 6. Purification and recovery treatment: Control the flow speed of the flue gas by controlling the induced draft fan, so that the flue gas containing dust and water enters the purification and recovery device from the exhaust pipe at a speed of 15-25m/s, and the decoker is connected to the wood tar recovery pool. The wood tar mixed with water will settle at the bottom of the wood tar recovery, and it will be cleaned and collected regularly; 7. Tail gas purification and recovery device: use the tail gas purification and recovery device to collect and purify biomass gas; In the carbonization process of material raw materials, clean water is evenly sprayed on the surface, and the charcoal can be produced after the fire is extinguished. 9. Collection and treatment of biochar, wood tar and wood acetic acid solution after carbonization. In the above-mentioned carbonization process, there is no need to provide additional energy except for the energy consumed by the fan and the pulverizer. More importantly, there is no smoke emission during the carbonization process, and the separation and recovery of wood tar and wood acetic acid will not only cause no pollution to the atmosphere and Soil pollution, but also to ensure the production and quality of carbonized gas.

Claims (7)

1. one kind with making charcoal by using straws, gas and by-product plant, it is characterized in that comprising the charring furnace (1), cleaner (2), decoking device (3), at least one condensation separator (4), blower fan (5), cyclonic separator (6), gas-liquid separator (7), at least one gas phase purifying device (42), at least one gas phase separator (8), the gas-holder (10) that connect in turn.

2. described with making charcoal by using straws, gas and by-product plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that between gas phase separator (7) and gas-holder (10), being provided with water seal arrangement (9).

3. described with making charcoal by using straws, gas and by-product plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that between gas phase purifying device (42) and gas phase separator (8), being provided with water seal arrangement (9).

4. described with making charcoal by using straws, gas and by-product plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being connected at least one moisture eliminator (11) between gas-holder (10) and the pneumatic outlet (12).

5. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described making charcoal by using straws, gas and the by-product plants used, it is characterized in that the oil discharge outlet of cleaner (2), decoking device (3), condensation separator (4), cyclonic separator (6), gas phase purifying device (42), gas phase separator (8), gas-holder (10) is connected with pond for recovering.

6. described with making charcoal by using straws, gas and by-product plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the charring furnace (1), cleaner (2), decoking device (3), two condensation separators (4), blower fan (5), cyclonic separator (6), gas-liquid separator (7), two gas phase purifying devices (42), water seal arrangement (9), two gas phase separator (8), water seal arrangement (9), gas-holder (10), two moisture eliminators (11), the pneumatic outlet (12) that connect in turn.

7. according to claim 1 or 6 described making charcoal by using straws, gas and the by-product plants used, it is characterized in that charring furnace (1) body of heater one basifacial has a plurality of smokings mouthful (17) side by side, a plurality of smokings mouthful (17) Correspondent is to front smoke chamber (18), this smoke chamber (18) has a plurality of smokings mouthful (19) of successively decreasing again, each smoking mouthful (19) Correspondent again finally is connected with cleaner (2) by the mouth (21) of smoking to front smoke chamber (20).

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