CN105175573A - High-efficiency radix astragali polysaccharide extraction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency radix astragali polysaccharide extraction method, mainly relating to the field of radix astragali secondary metabolite extraction. The method comprises the following steps: (1) clarifier preparation; (2) raw material pretreatment: drying and pulverizing the medicinal material radix astragali, degreasing with petroleum ether and anhydrous ethanol, and carrying out centrifugal drying to obtain radix astragali coarse powder; (3) taking the radix astragali coarse powder, adding water, stirring and heating under normal pressure under reflux for 0.5-3 hours, cooling to 40-70 DEG C, adding 50-100 u/g cellulase, stirring for 0.5-4 hours while keeping the temperature in a water bath, and filtering to obtain a radix astragali enzymolysis solution; and (4) heating the radix astragali enzymolysis solution in a water bath to keep the temperature at 60-80 DEG C, adding a component B according to the volume percent of 4-8%, standing for 1-2 hours, adding a component A according to the volume percent of 2-6%, standing for 1.5-2.5 hours, taking out, and carrying out centrifugal vacuum drying, thereby obtaining the off-white crude polysaccharide. By optimizing and improving the overall radix astragali polysaccharide extraction process, the method obviously shortens the reaction time, simplifies the technical steps, lowers the extraction cost, and thus, is a simple high-efficiency polysaccharide extraction method.

Description

A kind of astragalus polysaccharides extracting method efficiently

Technical field

The present invention relates to Radix Astragali secondary metabolite and extract field, specifically a kind of astragalus polysaccharides extracting method efficiently.

Background technology

The Radix Astragali is one of important traditional Chinese medicinal materials assortment of China, there is tonifying Qi and lifting yang, strengthening superficial resistance to stop perspiration, inducing diuresis to remove edema, promote the production of body fluid nourish blood, the effect such as row stagnant logical numbness, detoxification apocenosis, expelling pus and promoting granulation, be the main component of many Chinese medicine compound prescription, patent medicine and healthcare products.According to China's States Pharmacopoeia specifications, medicinal Astragalis has two kinds: leguminous plants Radix Astragali Astragalusmembraneceus (Fisch.) Bge. and Radix Astagali Astragalusmembranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao.

Astragalus polysaccharides is activeconstituents important in the Radix Astragali, and in the natural Radix Astragali, polysaccharide content is about about 5 ~ 12%, in investigation and application at home and abroad, has found its many-sided pharmacological action and clinical efficacy.Astragalus polysaccharides has stronger immunologic enhancement, phagocytic function that is normal and immunologic hypofunction mouse reticuloendothelial system can be improved, irritation cell immunity, macrophage phagocytosis of mice can be strengthened, the formation of enhancing antibody, mouse antibodies can also be increased generate, improve the weight of spleen and increase spleens cell number; Astragalus polysaccharides experiment in vivo shows that it can improve AcE stained positive lymphocyte ratios, strengthen the biological actions such as NK cytoactive, its hypoxia-bearing capability can be improved to the hypoxia mice that several reasons causes, and rat platelet adhesion can be reduced, reduce thrombosis, safety has no side effect.

Astragalus polysaccharides is with its diversified biological activity had and safe without toxic side effect, become the health substance with huge potentiality to be exploited, but, current astragalus polysaccharides extraction process is still immature, it is long that this is mainly reflected in the operating time, extraction efficiency is low, loaded down with trivial details step and the tediously long industrialization expansion being unfavorable for astragalus extraction technique consuming time.In recent years, the extraction process of much research to astragalus polysaccharides is explored and optimizes, and except improveing traditional water boiling and precipitation with ethanol method, additionally uses alkalinity extraction and Enzymatic Extraction, but all need the steps such as reflux repeatedly, the time used does not have considerable change.Although the microwave of new employing, the householder method speed of response such as ultrasonic are very fast, make moderate progress in time, its reaction is for from inside to outside, and speed is fast, temperature is high, likely causes astragalus polysaccharides chain-scission degradation, still needs inquire into further the impact of activity.

In recent years, natural clarifying agent is introduced into the extraction of polysaccharide gradually, it mainly removes tannin, protein, resin, wax isocolloid unstable constituents, on Effective Component of Chinese Medicine as flavones, alkaloid, glucoside, saponins, terpene, polysaccharide, amino acid, polypeptide, VITAMIN, mineral substance etc. do not affect.Clarifying efficiency is high, safety non-toxic, with low cost.Prior art has started to inquire into the extraction using natural clarifying agent to carry out astragalus polysaccharides, but be substantially all that local improving is carried out on the basis based on water boiling and precipitation with ethanol method, only intermediate steps is replaced, and the step such as the de-ester in early stage, the leaching of liquid is still consuming time longer, and poor effect.Therefore the whole process how astragalus polysaccharides extracts is optimized, and simplifies its processing step and reaction times, will be the primary research directions of those skilled in the art.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of astragalus polysaccharides extracting method efficiently, it is optimized improvement to the whole process that astragalus polysaccharides extracts, significantly shorten the reaction times, simplify processing step, reduce extraction cost, be a kind of succinct extraction method of polysaccharides efficiently, be conducive to the exploitation to astragalus polysaccharides.

The present invention for achieving the above object, is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of astragalus polysaccharides extracting method efficiently, comprises the following steps:

(1) configuration of finings:

Component A: natural clarifying agent ZTC-II type is made into the viscose of 1%;

B component: be made into the solution of 1% with Glacial acetic acid;

(2) pre-treatment of raw material:

After Milkvetch Root oven dry, pulverizing, cross 20 ~ 40 mesh sieves, the Milkvetch Root of sherwood oil to pulverizing adding boiling range specification 30 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C infiltrates, leave standstill the dehydrated alcohol adding 50 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C after 10 ~ 30 minutes by liquid-solid ratio 5 ~ 10ml/g, after 3 ~ 10 minutes, the centrifugal oven dry of 500 ~ 1000r/min, obtains radix astragali coarse powder;

(3) get radix astragali coarse powder, add the water of 8 ~ 10 times amount by solid-to-liquid ratio, atmospheric agitation reflux, after 0.5 ~ 3 hour, is cooled to 40 DEG C ~ 70 DEG C, adds cellulase 50 ~ 100u/g, and water bath heat preservation stirs 0.5 ~ 4 hour, filters to obtain Radix Astragali enzymolysis solution;

(4) its temperature is made to remain on 60 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C Radix Astragali enzymolysis solution heating in water bath, 4% ~ 8% adds B component by volume, interval is stirred once for 20 ~ 40 minutes, 2% ~ 6% add component A by volume after 1 ~ 2 hour, interval is stirred once for 50 ~ 70 minutes, takes out after 1.5 ~ 2.5 hours, centrifugal 4 ~ 10 minutes of 3000 ~ 5000r/min, abandon supernatant liquor, 50 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C drying under reduced pressure, obtain off-white color Crude polysaccharides.

The rotating speed stirred in described step (3) is 200r/min.

In described step (3), the addition of component A and B component is 1:2 by volume.

Preferably, the efficient astragalus polysaccharides extracting method of described one, comprises the following steps:

(1) configuration of finings:

Component A: added by natural clarifying agent ZTC-II type after a small amount of distilled water stirs into pasty state, continue to add distilled water, swelling 24 hours and stir, is made into the viscose of 1%;

B component: be made into the solution of 1% with Glacial acetic acid;

(2) pre-treatment of raw material:

After Milkvetch Root oven dry, pulverizing, cross 30 mesh sieves, liquid-solid ratio 2ml/g adds the sherwood oil of boiling range specification 30 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C, and leave standstill the dehydrated alcohol adding 75 DEG C after 30 minutes by liquid-solid ratio 10ml/g, after 5 minutes, the centrifugal oven dry of 800r/min, obtains radix astragali coarse powder;

(3) get radix astragali coarse powder, add the water of 8 times amount by solid-to-liquid ratio, atmospheric agitation reflux, after 1 hour, is cooled to 60 DEG C, adds cellulase 90u/g, and water bath heat preservation stirs 1 hour, filters to obtain Radix Astragali enzymolysis solution;

(4) its temperature is made to remain on 80 DEG C Radix Astragali enzymolysis solution heating in water bath, 4% adds B component by volume, interval is stirred once for 30 minutes, 2% add component A by volume after 2 hours, interval is stirred once for 60 minutes, takes out after 2 hours, centrifugal 5 minutes of 4000r/min, abandon supernatant liquor, 60 DEG C of drying under reduced pressure, obtain off-white color Crude polysaccharides.

Contrast prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:

Existence due to ester class not only makes polysaccharide not easily separate out, but also can increase purifying difficulty, therefore in the pre-treatment of Milkvetch Root, except the step such as to pulverize and sieve of routine, adds de-ester link.Traditional de-ester operation sherwood oil that adopts rotates de-ester more than 4 hours, the time of at substantial more.The present invention utilizes the sherwood oil of boiling range specification 30 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C and dehydrated alcohol (boiling point 78 DEG C) boiling-point difference apart from larger, by the high-temperature dehydrated alcohol added rapidly, allow the sherwood oil infiltrated in material have little time diffusion and just produce boiling, thus reaction reaches de-ester effect rapidly, and be dissolved in dehydrated alcohol and slough, consuming timely control about half an hour, compare traditional method and there is significant advantage.

The present invention uses natural clarifying agent ZTC-II type to replace ethanol as the extraction of extraction agent for astragalus polysaccharides, easy to use, only need to be sequentially added into two kinds of components, leave standstill 4 hours and can complete reaction, not only performance is better than ethanol, and greatly reduces operation steps, save the reaction times, and natural clarifying agent is nature food, does not introduce peculiar smell, to the end product of astragalus polysaccharides---such as oral liquid, electuary etc. have certain flavored action.It is with low cost simultaneously, and consumption is less, obviously can reduce extraction cost, is conducive to the industrialization operation of Polyose extraction.

Further, the present invention optimizes further to the conventional steps that natural clarifying agent extracts polysaccharide, the auxiliary of cellulase is introduced in the leaching step of Radix Astragali liquid, soak the consuming time of radix astragali coarse powder by originally needing heating for multiple times backflow to reduce by half, and be more beneficial to the leaching of effective constituent, improve the yield of Polyose extraction.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, set forth the present invention further.Should be understood that these embodiments are only not used in for illustration of the present invention to limit the scope of the invention.In addition should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally after the content of having read the present invention's instruction.

Instrument, reagent, material etc. involved in following embodiment, unless otherwise noted, be existing conventional instrument, reagent, material etc. in prior art, obtain by regular commercial sources.Experimental technique involved in following embodiment, detection method etc., unless otherwise noted, are existing normal experiment method in prior art, detection method etc.

Embodiment 1: a kind of experiment of efficient astragalus polysaccharides extracting method

Laboratory apparatus: electronic balance, rotatory evaporator, vacuum drying oven, thermostat water bath, pulverizer, whizzer;

Experiment reagent: distilled water, Radix Astragali medicine materical crude slice (place of production: the Inner Mongol), natural clarifying agent ZTC-II type, Glacial acetic acid, sherwood oil, dehydrated alcohol, cellulase;

Experimental procedure:

(1) configuration of finings:

Component A: added by natural clarifying agent ZTC-II type after a small amount of distilled water stirs into pasty state, continue to add distilled water, swelling 24 hours and stir, is made into the viscose of 1%;

B component: be made into the solution of 1% with Glacial acetic acid;

(2) pre-treatment of raw material: after Radix Astragali medicine materical crude slice 300g oven dry, pulverizing, cross 30 mesh sieves, after adding the sherwood oil of 300ml boiling range specification 30 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C, by orthogonal experimental design, investigate the infiltrating time after adding sherwood oil, dehydrated alcohol add temperature, and reaction times.After dividing equally 9 parts, leave standstill 10min, 20min, 30min respectively, every part adds rapidly high-temperature anhydrous ethanol by liquid-solid ratio 10ml/g, reacts the centrifugal oven dry of 800r/min in a moment, obtains radix astragali coarse powder;

Table 1 orthogonal test factor design

(3) get radix astragali coarse powder, add the water of 8 times amount by solid-to-liquid ratio, atmospheric agitation reflux, after 1 hour, is cooled to 60 DEG C, adds cellulase 90u/g, and water bath heat preservation stirs 1 hour, filters to obtain Radix Astragali enzymolysis solution;

(4) its temperature is made to remain on 80 DEG C Radix Astragali enzymolysis solution heating in water bath, 4% adds B component by volume, interval is stirred once for 30 minutes, 2% add component A by volume after 2 hours, interval is stirred once for 60 minutes, takes out after 2 hours, centrifugal 5 minutes of 4000r/min, abandon supernatant liquor, 60 DEG C of drying under reduced pressure, obtain off-white color Crude polysaccharides.

By aforesaid operations, whole process prepared by polysaccharide can be completed in 400min, significantly shorten extraction time compared to existing technology.

Through phend-sulphuric acid, the off-white color Crude polysaccharides each group being extracted to experiment gained carries out measurement of the polysaccharide content, and result is as follows:

Table 2 Orthogonal experiment results

According to above-mentioned experiment show, the level that Milkvetch Root takes off ester process is remarkable on the impact of final polysaccharide content, carries out sufficient pre-treatment, be conducive to the Isolation and purification of polysaccharide to Milkvetch Root.

In the pre-treatment of this experiment medicinal material, learnt by orthogonal test, the dehydrated alcohol temperature (DEG C) added is the most remarkable on the impact of whole abstraction reaction, and the higher pretreated effect of (in the boiling spread of dehydrated alcohol) temperature is better.Secondly, the ether infiltrating time (min) of sherwood oil on Milkvetch Root also has a small amount of impact to experimental result.Finally, it is minimum to add wait reaction times (min) impact on experimental result after dehydrated alcohol, and along with the increase of time, the change of numerical value is very little.

Through verification experimental verification, the reaction conditions of best raw materials pretreatment is: after the oven dry of Radix Astragali medicine materical crude slice, pulverizing, cross 30 mesh sieves, liquid-solid ratio 2ml/g adds the sherwood oil of boiling range specification 30 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C, leave standstill after 30 minutes, add rapidly the dehydrated alcohol of 75 DEG C by liquid-solid ratio 10ml/g, after 5 minutes, the centrifugal oven dry of 800r/min, obtains radix astragali coarse powder;

Embodiment 2: a kind of experiment of efficient astragalus polysaccharides extracting method

Laboratory apparatus: electronic balance, rotatory evaporator, vacuum drying oven, thermostat water bath, pulverizer, whizzer;

Experiment reagent: distilled water, Radix Astragali medicine materical crude slice (place of production: the Inner Mongol), natural clarifying agent ZTC-II type, Glacial acetic acid, sherwood oil, dehydrated alcohol, cellulase;

Experimental procedure:

(1) configuration of finings:

Component A: added by natural clarifying agent ZTC-II type after a small amount of distilled water stirs into pasty state, continue to add distilled water, swelling 24 hours and stir, is made into the viscose of 1%;

B component: be made into the solution of 1% with Glacial acetic acid;

(2) pre-treatment of raw material: after the oven dry of Radix Astragali medicine materical crude slice, pulverizing, cross 40 mesh sieves, liquid-solid ratio 2ml/g adds the sherwood oil of boiling range specification 30 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C, leave standstill after 15 minutes, the dehydrated alcohol of 75 DEG C is added rapidly by liquid-solid ratio 8ml/g, after 8 minutes, the centrifugal oven dry of 800r/min, obtains radix astragali coarse powder;

(3) get radix astragali coarse powder, add the water of 9 times amount by solid-to-liquid ratio, atmospheric agitation reflux, after 0.5 hour, is cooled to 50 DEG C, adds cellulase 100u/g, and water bath heat preservation stirs 0.5 hour, filters to obtain Radix Astragali enzymolysis solution;

(4) its temperature is made to remain on 75 DEG C Radix Astragali enzymolysis solution heating in water bath, 2% adds B component by volume, interval is stirred once for 30 minutes, 4% add component A by volume after 1.5 hours, interval is stirred once for 60 minutes, takes out after 1.5 hours, centrifugal 5 minutes of 5000r/min, abandon supernatant liquor, 50 DEG C of drying under reduced pressure, obtain off-white color Crude polysaccharides.

By aforesaid operations, whole process prepared by polysaccharide can be completed in 300min, significantly shorten extraction time compared to existing technology.Get the above-mentioned obtained white Crude polysaccharides of many groups, carry out measurement of the polysaccharide content through phend-sulphuric acid, the average of polysaccharide content is 52.7%.

Claims (4)

1. an efficient astragalus polysaccharides extracting method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

(1) configuration of finings:

Component A: natural clarifying agent ZTC-II type is made into the viscose of 1%;

B component: be made into the solution of 1% with Glacial acetic acid;

(2) pre-treatment of raw material:

After Milkvetch Root oven dry, pulverizing, cross 20 ~ 40 mesh sieves, the Milkvetch Root of sherwood oil to pulverizing adding boiling range specification 30 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C infiltrates, leave standstill the dehydrated alcohol adding 50 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C after 10 ~ 30 minutes by liquid-solid ratio 5 ~ 10ml/g, after 3 ~ 10 minutes, the centrifugal oven dry of 500 ~ 1000r/min, obtains radix astragali coarse powder;

(3) get radix astragali coarse powder, add the water of 8 ~ 10 times amount by solid-to-liquid ratio, atmospheric agitation reflux, after 0.5 ~ 3 hour, is cooled to 40 DEG C ~ 70 DEG C, adds cellulase 50 ~ 100u/g, and water bath heat preservation stirs 0.5 ~ 4 hour, filters to obtain Radix Astragali enzymolysis solution;

(4) its temperature is made to remain on 60 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C Radix Astragali enzymolysis solution heating in water bath, 4% ~ 8% adds B component by volume, interval is stirred once for 20 ~ 40 minutes, 2% ~ 6% add component A by volume after 1 ~ 2 hour, interval is stirred once for 50 ~ 70 minutes, takes out after 1.5 ~ 2.5 hours, centrifugal 4 ~ 10 minutes of 3000 ~ 5000r/min, abandon supernatant liquor, 50 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C drying under reduced pressure, obtain off-white color Crude polysaccharides.

2. a kind of astragalus polysaccharides extracting method efficiently according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the rotating speed stirred in described step (3) is 200r/min.

3. a kind of astragalus polysaccharides extracting method efficiently according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (3), component A is 1:2 with the addition of B component by volume.

4. a kind of astragalus polysaccharides extracting method efficiently according to claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

(1) configuration of finings:

Component A: added by natural clarifying agent ZTC-II type after a small amount of distilled water stirs into pasty state, continue to add distilled water, swelling 24 hours and stir, is made into the viscose of 1%;

B component: be made into the solution of 1% with Glacial acetic acid;

(2) pre-treatment of raw material:

After Milkvetch Root oven dry, pulverizing, cross 30 mesh sieves, liquid-solid ratio 2ml/g adds the sherwood oil of boiling range specification 30 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C, and leave standstill the dehydrated alcohol adding 75 DEG C after 30 minutes by liquid-solid ratio 10ml/g, after 5 minutes, the centrifugal oven dry of 800r/min, obtains radix astragali coarse powder;

(3) get radix astragali coarse powder, add the water of 8 times amount by solid-to-liquid ratio, atmospheric agitation reflux, after 1 hour, is cooled to 60 DEG C, adds cellulase 90u/g, and water bath heat preservation stirs 1 hour, filters to obtain Radix Astragali enzymolysis solution;

(4) its temperature is made to remain on 80 DEG C Radix Astragali enzymolysis solution heating in water bath, 4% adds B component by volume, interval is stirred once for 30 minutes, 2% add component A by volume after 2 hours, interval is stirred once for 60 minutes, takes out after 2 hours, centrifugal 5 minutes of 4000r/min, abandon supernatant liquor, 60 DEG C of drying under reduced pressure, obtain off-white color Crude polysaccharides.