CN112679625A - Method for extracting red date polysaccharide from red dates - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant extraction and analysis, in particular to a method for extracting red date polysaccharide from red dates, which comprises enzyme treatment, red date polysaccharide extraction, two aqueous phase extraction and supercritical CO2Extracting, overcoming the technical defects of lower extraction efficiency and low polysaccharide purity in the extraction of jujube polysaccharide by a hot water extraction method, an alkali liquor extraction method, an enzyme extraction method, a microwave-assisted extraction method and an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method in the prior art, and extracting the jujube polysaccharide-the jujube polysaccharide by adopting microwave alcohol extraction-natural clarifying agent through high-efficiency countercurrent chromatographic separation-supercritical CO separation2The red date polysaccharide is extracted and purified in the extraction process, so that a red date polysaccharide extract with high extraction efficiency and high purity is obtained, and the red date polysaccharide extract with high extraction efficiency and high purity is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant extraction and analysis, in particular to a method for extracting red date polysaccharide from red dates.
Background
The red dates are rich in polysaccharide, and the red date polysaccharide is an important bioactive substance in the red dates, has various physiological activities and has strong market demand. Compared with other common polysaccharides on the market, such as edible fungus polysaccharide, wolfberry polysaccharide, spirulina polysaccharide and the like, the polysaccharide has the advantages of easily available raw materials, low development cost, nature, no pollution and strong market competitiveness.
The polysaccharide in red dates is separated and purified by column chromatography for forest service protection and the like, and two polysaccharide substances are obtained: neutral polysaccharide (JDP-N) and acidic polysaccharide (JDP-A), and high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the composition of red jujube polysaccharide. The polysaccharide in the red dates is an important physiologically active substance, and researches show that the polysaccharide of the red dates has the effects of immunity and excitation. The in vitro experimental study of Zhang Qing et al shows that when the dosage of the jujube polysaccharide is 60ug/m1 or more, the jujube polysaccharide has obvious anticomplementary activity, and when the dosage is 1004g/m1, the jujube polysaccharide can promote the proliferation of mouse splenocytes; the crude polysaccharide, neutral polysaccharide and acidic polysaccharide of the Chinese date have promotion effect on lymphocyte proliferation, but the neutral polysaccharide has stronger effect than the acidic polysaccharide, which suggests that the polysaccharide of the Chinese date can enhance the immune function by directly acting on immune cells. In addition, researches show that the red jujube polysaccharide has an anti-aging effect and can obviously improve the immune organ index of an aged mouse, and Lixuehua and the like determine active oxygen (superoxide anion free radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl free radical) generated in the respiratory burst of whole blood cells in whole blood chemiluminescence by the extracted red jujube polysaccharide, superoxide anion free radical generated by a pyrogallol autoxidation method, ascorbic acid and Ca2+、H2The elimination effect of hydroxyl free radicals generated by an O system shows that the red date polysaccharide has the effect of eliminating free radicals, the activity of the red date polysaccharide is positively correlated with the dosage of the polysaccharide, and the red date polysaccharide has the strongest capacity of eliminating active oxygen in whole blood chemiluminescence in a whole blood physiological environment.
The existing extraction method of red date polysaccharide comprises the following steps: the extraction method for the jujube polysaccharide by the hot water extraction method, the alkali liquor extraction method, the enzyme extraction method, the microwave-assisted extraction method and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method not only has low extraction efficiency, but also needs to be improved aiming at the defects because the jujube polysaccharide is rich in protein and has low purity, and the extraction method is designed to have high purity of the polysaccharide and mild action conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a method for extracting red date polysaccharide from red dates, and the method adopts microwave alcohol extraction-natural clarifying agent to extract red date polysaccharide-high-efficiency countercurrent chromatography separation of red date polysaccharide-supercritical CO2The extraction process is used for extracting and purifying the red date polysaccharide to obtain the red date polysaccharide extract with high extraction efficiency and high purity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for extracting red date polysaccharide from red dates comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting the effective components of red dates with alcohol:
cleaning fructus Jujubae, oven drying, pulverizing, adding 75-95 wt% ethanol solution, making into 0.5-1mg/L serous fluid, microwave heating, cooling to room temperature, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain extract;
(2) extracting red date polysaccharide by using a natural clarifying agent:
the component A of the natural clarifying agent is as follows: dissolving a natural clarifying agent in distilled water to prepare a 1 wt% solution A;
and the natural clarifying agent B comprises the following components: dissolving a natural clarifying agent in 1 wt% of glacial acetic acid solution to prepare 1 wt% of solution B;
dissolving the extract obtained in the step (1) in water to prepare 1-2 wt% solution, and mixing the solution at 55-80 ℃ according to a volume ratio of 100: 4-6, adding the solution B, stirring once every 30-40min, and after 1-2h, mixing the solution B according to a volume ratio of 100: 3-5 adding the solution A, stirring once every 40-60min, taking out after 2-3h, centrifuging, taking supernatant, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain intermediate;
(3) high-efficiency countercurrent chromatographic separation of red date polysaccharide:
taking n-butanol according to the following volume ratio: ethyl acetate: 3-5 parts of water: 1-2: 6-8, fully mixing uniformly, and layering to obtain an upper phase and a lower phase, wherein the upper phase is used as a stationary phase, and the lower phase is used as a mobile phase;
carrying out high-efficiency countercurrent chromatography separation on the intermediate;
(4) supercritical CO2And (3) extraction:
adding the fraction obtained in the step (3) into a separation kettle in the presence of CO2The storage tank is filled with gasified CO2After extraction, CO is added2Separating under reduced pressure with mixed solution of fructus Jujubae polysaccharide to obtain fructus Jujubae polysaccharide refined product, repeating the above operation for 3-5 times, and mixing the fructus Jujubae polysaccharide refined products obtained each time to obtain fructus Jujubae polysaccharide extract.
Preferably, the microwave heating conditions in step (1) are as follows: heating at 100-300W for 3-5 min.
Preferably, the centrifugation conditions of step (2) are: centrifuging at 8000r/min of 5000-.
Preferably, the clarifying agent in the step (2) is a natural clarifying agent of type II ZTC1+1 or a clarifying agent KBT-ZTC.
Preferably, in the separation process of the high performance counter current chromatography in the step (3), the flow rate when the fixed phase is pumped is 20-40mL/min, and the flow rate when the mobile phase is pumped is 3-4 mL/min.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the host is 1500-.
Preferably, the step (4) of supercritical CO2The extraction conditions were: CO 22The pressure in the storage tank is 10-15MPa, and CO is2The temperature in the storage tank is 25-35 ℃, and the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 12-18L/h; the pressure in the separation kettle is 6-10MPa, the extraction temperature in the separation kettle is 40-50 ℃, and the extraction time is 90-120 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps of extracting organic ingredients in red dates by adopting a microwave alcohol extraction mode, and distilling under reduced pressure to enable the organic ingredients in the red dates to form an extract; extracting with natural clarifier mainly for removing colloid unstable components such as tannin, protein, resin, wax paper, etc., and treating effective components such as flavone, alkaloid, glycosides, saponins, terpenes, polysaccharide, amino acids, polypeptide, vitamins, and minerals with natural clarifier A solution and natural clarifier B solution to remove colloid unstable components with a removing rate of above 90%, and overcoming the disadvantages of the prior artThe sevag method consumes a large amount of solvent, and can cause technical defects of polysaccharide degradation and the like; separating the rest effective components such as flavone, alkaloid, glycosides, saponins, terpenes, polysaccharide, amino acids, polypeptide, vitamins, and minerals by high performance countercurrent chromatography, separating water soluble and strong polar compounds such as fructus Jujubae polysaccharide, saponins, and polyphenols from medium polar (such as alkaloid and flavonoids) and low polar (such as terpenes and fatty acids), further separating fructus Jujubae extract, and finally separating by supercritical CO2And (3) performing final separation and purification in an extraction mode, and separating the water-soluble red date polysaccharide from other substances to obtain the red date polysaccharide with the purity of 80% or more.
Compared with the prior art, the method for extracting the red date polysaccharide removes colloid unstable components such as tannin, protein, resin, wax paper and the like, removes medium-polarity and low-polarity compounds, and finally separates the red date polysaccharide from the high-polarity compounds to obtain the high-purity red date polysaccharide compound.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a standard curve diagram of red date polysaccharide extracted in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description is provided for the best mode of carrying out the invention.
Example 1
A method for extracting red date polysaccharide from red dates comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting the effective components of red dates with alcohol:
cleaning fructus Jujubae, oven drying, pulverizing, adding 75 wt% ethanol solution to obtain 1mg/L pulp, microwave heating at 100W for 5min, cooling to room temperature, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain extract;
(2) extracting red date polysaccharide by using a natural clarifying agent:
the component A of the natural clarifying agent is as follows: dissolving ZTC1+1 natural clarifier in distilled water to obtain 1 wt% solution A;
and the natural clarifying agent B comprises the following components: dissolving ZTC1+1 natural clarifying agent in 1 wt% glacial acetic acid solution to obtain 1 wt% solution B;
dissolving the extract obtained in the step (1) in water to prepare a 1 wt% solution, and mixing the solution at 80 ℃ according to a volume ratio of 100: 4 adding the solution B, stirring once every 30min, and after 1h, stirring according to a volume ratio of 100: 5 adding the solution A, stirring once every 40min, taking out after 3h, centrifuging for 15min at 5000r/min, and taking the supernatant and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain an intermediate;
(3) high-efficiency countercurrent chromatographic separation of red date polysaccharide:
taking n-butanol according to the following volume ratio: ethyl acetate: water 3: 1: 6, fully and uniformly mixing and layering to obtain an upper phase and a lower phase, wherein the upper phase is used as a stationary phase, and the lower phase is used as a mobile phase;
performing high-efficiency countercurrent chromatographic separation on the intermediate, pumping the stationary phase into a countercurrent chromatographic column, starting a host and starting rotation, wherein the rotating speed of the host is 1500-2000rpm, then pumping the mobile phase, the flow rate when the stationary phase is pumped is 20mL/min, the flow rate when the mobile phase is pumped is 3mL/min, after the two-phase solvent system reaches dynamic balance in the countercurrent column, injecting the intermediate just dissolved in the mobile phase in the step (2) into the countercurrent column, and collecting fractions;
(4) supercritical CO2And (3) extraction:
adding the fraction obtained in the step (3) into a separation kettle in the presence of CO2The storage tank is filled with gasified CO2After extraction, CO is added2Separating under reduced pressure with mixed solution of fructus Jujubae polysaccharide to obtain fructus Jujubae polysaccharide refined product, repeating the above operation for 3 times, and mixing the fructus Jujubae polysaccharide refined products obtained each time to obtain fructus Jujubae polysaccharide extract;
wherein, CO2The pressure in the storage tank is 10MPa, and CO is2The temperature in the storage tank is 35 ℃, and the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 12L/h; the pressure in the separation kettle is 6MPa, the extraction temperature in the separation kettle is 40 ℃, and the extraction time is 120 min.
Example 2
A method for extracting red date polysaccharide from red dates comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting the effective components of red dates with alcohol:
cleaning fructus Jujubae, oven drying, pulverizing, adding 85 wt% ethanol solution to obtain 0.75mg/L pulp, microwave heating at 200W for 4min, cooling to room temperature, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain extract;
(2) extracting red date polysaccharide by using a natural clarifying agent:
the component A of the natural clarifying agent is as follows: dissolving ZTC1+1 natural clarifier in distilled water to obtain 1 wt% solution A;
and the natural clarifying agent B comprises the following components: dissolving ZTC1+1 natural clarifying agent in 1 wt% glacial acetic acid solution to obtain 1 wt% solution B;
dissolving the extract obtained in the step (1) in water to prepare 1.5 wt% solution, and mixing the solution at 65 ℃ according to a volume ratio of 100: 5 adding the solution B, stirring once every 35min, and after 1.5h, stirring according to a volume ratio of 100: 4 adding the solution A, stirring once every 50min, taking out after 2.5h, centrifuging at 6000r/min for 12min, and taking the supernatant and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain an intermediate;
(3) high-efficiency countercurrent chromatographic separation of red date polysaccharide:
taking n-butanol according to the following volume ratio: ethyl acetate: water-4: 2: 7, fully and uniformly mixing and layering to obtain an upper phase and a lower phase, wherein the upper phase is used as a stationary phase, and the lower phase is used as a mobile phase;
performing high-efficiency countercurrent chromatographic separation on the intermediate, pumping the stationary phase into a countercurrent chromatographic column, starting a main machine and starting rotation, wherein the rotating speed of the main machine is 1800rpm, pumping the mobile phase, the flow rate when the stationary phase is pumped is 30mL/min, the flow rate when the mobile phase is pumped is 3.5mL/min, after the two-phase solvent system reaches dynamic balance in the countercurrent column, injecting the intermediate just dissolved in the mobile phase in the step (2) into the countercurrent column, and collecting fractions;
(4) supercritical CO2And (3) extraction:
adding the fraction obtained in the step (3) into a separation kettle in the presence of CO2The storage tank is filled with gasified CO2After extraction, CO is added2Separating under reduced pressure with mixed solution of fructus Jujubae polysaccharide to obtain fructus Jujubae polysaccharide refined product, repeating the above operation for 4 times, and mixing the fructus Jujubae polysaccharide refined products obtained each time to obtain fructus Jujubae polysaccharide extract;
wherein, CO2The pressure in the storage tank is 13MPa, and CO is2The temperature in the storage tank is 30 ℃, and the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 15L/h; the pressure in the separation kettle is 8MPa, the extraction temperature in the separation kettle is 45 ℃, and the extraction time is 100 min.
Example 3
A method for extracting red date polysaccharide from red dates comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting the effective components of red dates with alcohol:
cleaning fructus Jujubae, oven drying, pulverizing, adding 95 wt% ethanol solution to obtain 0.5mg/L pulp, microwave heating at 300W for 3min, cooling to room temperature, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain extract;
(2) extracting red date polysaccharide by using a natural clarifying agent:
the component A of the natural clarifying agent is as follows: dissolving a clarifying agent KBT-ZTC in distilled water to prepare a 1 wt% solution A;
and the natural clarifying agent B comprises the following components: dissolving a clarifying agent KBT-ZTC in 1 wt% glacial acetic acid solution to prepare 1 wt% solution B;
dissolving the extract obtained in the step (1) in water to prepare a 2 wt% solution, and mixing the solution at 55 ℃ according to a volume ratio of 100: 6 adding the solution B, stirring once every 40min, and after 2h, stirring according to a volume ratio of 100: 3 adding the solution A, stirring once every 60min, taking out after 2h, centrifuging for 10min at 8000r/min, and concentrating the supernatant under reduced pressure to obtain an intermediate;
(3) high-efficiency countercurrent chromatographic separation of red date polysaccharide:
taking n-butanol according to the following volume ratio: ethyl acetate: water 5: 2: 8, fully and uniformly mixing and layering to obtain an upper phase and a lower phase, wherein the upper phase is used as a stationary phase, and the lower phase is used as a mobile phase;
performing high-efficiency countercurrent chromatographic separation on the intermediate, pumping the stationary phase into a countercurrent chromatographic column, starting a main machine and starting rotation, wherein the rotating speed of the main machine is 2000rpm, pumping the mobile phase, the flow rate when the stationary phase is pumped is 40mL/min, the flow rate when the mobile phase is pumped is 4mL/min, injecting the intermediate which is just dissolved in the mobile phase in the step (2) into the countercurrent column after the two-phase solvent system reaches dynamic balance in the countercurrent column, and collecting fractions;
(4) supercritical CO2And (3) extraction:
adding the fraction obtained in the step (3) into a separation kettle in the presence of CO2The storage tank is filled with gasified CO2After extraction, CO is added2Separating under reduced pressure with mixed solution of fructus Jujubae polysaccharide to obtain fructus Jujubae polysaccharide refined product, repeating the above operation for 5 times, and mixing the fructus Jujubae polysaccharide refined products obtained each time to obtain fructus Jujubae polysaccharide extract;
wherein, CO2The pressure in the storage tank is 15MPa, and CO is2The temperature in the storage tank is 25 ℃, and the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 18L/h; the pressure in the separation kettle is 10MPa, the extraction temperature in the separation kettle is 50 ℃, and the extraction time is 90 min.
The red jujube polysaccharide with high extraction efficiency and high purity is obtained by extraction and separation in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention, and the effects are parallel, and the following results are obtained by researching the samples in the embodiments 1 to 3:
results and analysis
FIG. 1 shows a calibration curve of the polysaccharide of example 2 measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid method using glucose as a standard;
the formula for calculating the polysaccharide extraction rate is as follows: substituting the measured absorbance A into a regression equation and the following formula to calculate the extraction rate and polysaccharide yield of the red date polysaccharide, wherein the extraction rate and polysaccharide yield of the red date polysaccharide in the examples 1 to 3 are shown in the table 1:
polysaccharide yield (%) [ polysaccharide dilution concentration (mg/mL) × dilution factor × 250mL]/[ dry weight of red date powder (g) × 103]
TABLE 1 study on extraction yield and polysaccharide yield of Red jujube polysaccharide
The result shows that the yield of the polysaccharide reaches more than 80 percent, and compared with the polysaccharide yield of 50 to 60 percent in the prior art, the yield of the polysaccharide is obviously improved.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A method for extracting red date polysaccharide from red dates is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) extracting the effective components of red dates with alcohol:
cleaning fructus Jujubae, oven drying, pulverizing, adding 75-95 wt% ethanol solution, making into 0.5-1mg/L serous fluid, microwave heating, cooling to room temperature, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain extract;
(2) extracting red date polysaccharide by using a natural clarifying agent:
the component A of the natural clarifying agent is as follows: dissolving a natural clarifying agent in distilled water to prepare a 1 wt% solution A;
and the natural clarifying agent B comprises the following components: dissolving a natural clarifying agent in 1 wt% of glacial acetic acid solution to prepare 1 wt% of solution B;
dissolving the extract obtained in the step (1) in water to prepare 1-2 wt% solution, and mixing the solution at 55-80 ℃ according to a volume ratio of 100: 4-6, adding the solution B, stirring once every 30-40min, and after 1-2h, mixing the solution B according to a volume ratio of 100: 3-5 adding the solution A, stirring once every 40-60min, taking out after 2-3h, centrifuging, taking supernatant, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain intermediate;
(3) high-efficiency countercurrent chromatographic separation of red date polysaccharide:
taking n-butanol according to the following volume ratio: ethyl acetate: 3-5 parts of water: 1-2: 6-8, fully mixing uniformly, and layering to obtain an upper phase and a lower phase, wherein the upper phase is used as a stationary phase, and the lower phase is used as a mobile phase;
carrying out high-efficiency countercurrent chromatography separation on the intermediate;
(4) supercritical CO2And (3) extraction:
adding the fraction obtained in the step (3) into a separation kettle in the presence of CO2The storage tank is filled with gasified CO2After extraction, CO is added2Separating under reduced pressure with mixed solution of fructus Jujubae polysaccharide to obtain fructus Jujubae polysaccharide refined product, repeating the above operation for 3-5 times, and mixing the fructus Jujubae polysaccharide refined products obtained each time to obtain fructus Jujubae polysaccharide extract.
2. The method for extracting red date polysaccharide from red dates according to claim 1, wherein the microwave heating conditions in the step (1) are as follows: heating at 100-300W for 3-5 min.
3. The method for extracting red date polysaccharide from red dates according to claim 1, wherein the centrifugation conditions of the step (2) are as follows: centrifuging at 8000r/min of 5000-.
4. The method for extracting the red jujube polysaccharide from the red jujubes according to claim 1, wherein the clarifier in the step (2) is a type II ZTC1+1 natural clarifier or a clarifier KBT-ZTC.
5. The method for extracting the red jujube polysaccharide from the red jujubes according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate when the fixed phase is pumped in the high performance counter current chromatography separation process in the step (3) is 20-40mL/min, and the flow rate when the mobile phase is pumped in is 3-4 mL/min.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the host is 1500-2000rpm during the separation process of the step (3).
7. The method for extracting red jujube polysaccharide from red jujubes according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) of supercritical CO2The extraction conditions were: CO 22The pressure in the storage tank is 10-15MPa, and CO is2The temperature in the storage tank is 25-35 ℃, and the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 12-18L/h; the pressure in the separation kettle is 6-10MPa, the extraction temperature in the separation kettle is 40-50 ℃, and the extraction time is 90-120 min.
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CN114573725A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-03 | 徐州工程学院 | Extraction method of spina date seed polysaccharide extract |
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