CN105174619A - Method for treating rural domestic sewage - Google Patents
Method for treating rural domestic sewage Download PDFInfo
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- CN105174619A CN105174619A CN201510584911.8A CN201510584911A CN105174619A CN 105174619 A CN105174619 A CN 105174619A CN 201510584911 A CN201510584911 A CN 201510584911A CN 105174619 A CN105174619 A CN 105174619A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating rural domestic sewage. Domestic sewage flows through a grid ditch with a width of 500-1000 mm firstly; the sewage after flowing through the grid ditch is drained to a septic-tank or a biogas digester, and under the condition that the hydraulic retention time is 12-36 hours, the sewage is precipitated in grids so as to carry out anaerobic digestion on the sewage; a treated water body enters a regulating reservoir; and the treated water body enters a bio-film filter, and then the sewage is in contact with microbial films growing on the surfaces of filter materials, so that the sewage is purified. The treated sewage can reach GB18918-2002 grade B emission standards. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in operation, suitable for being operated by persons without professional knowledge, and low in operation cost, and the operating cost of water-per-ton treatment is less than 0.1 Yuan. In the countryside, if a septic-tank or a biogas digester exists, a bio-film filter and a regulating reservoir (sedimentation basin) are only required to be added in the whole process actually, installed facilities only include a lift water pump, a water distribution system, and the like, and materials in the bio-film filter can be local materials, therefore, the cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sewage treatment process, is a kind of method processing domestic sewage in rural areas.
Background technology
China is agricultural population big country, rural area is vast, produce sanitary sewage tens million of ton every day, and each village all lacks special sewage collecting treatment facility, only septic tank is had or methane tank system carries out simple fermentative processing to sanitary sewage in part resident family, and most residents gets used to sanitary sewage arbitrarily to discharge.Sewage is not treated, flows directly into neighbouring small stream river, exacerbate water body pollution, forms disadvantageous effect to surrounding enviroment, and threatens that the periphery masses' is healthy.Therefore, paying attention to and the water pollution control work strengthening Rural areas, is improve one of most important work in Rural Areas at Present human settlement work.
The treatment technology that current domestic and international application domestic sewage in rural areas is administered is many, and title is also varied, but usually can be classified as two classes technically: the first kind is nature treatment system.Soil is utilized to filter, the principle of plant absorption and microbial decomposition, be also called ecological treatment system, conventional has: artificial wet land treating system, underground percolation purification system etc., artificial swamp is the ground similar with swampland by artificial construction and controlling run, by sewage, mud has the dosing of control on the artificial wetland built, sewage and mud are in the process flowed in a certain direction, mainly utilize soil, artificial dielectric, plant, the physics of microorganism, chemistry, biological triple synergy, to sewage, mud carries out a kind of technology processed, soil filtration treatment system is a kind of sewerage ecological the treatment of artificial-strengthening, it makes full use of the soil animal perched in the soil below earth's surface, soil microorganisms, the physics that root system of plant and soil have, chemical property is by sewage purification, Equations of The Second Kind is biological treatment system, can be divided into Aerobic biological process and anaerobic biological treatment again.Aerobic biological process is by power to sewage oxygenation, culturing micro-organisms bacterial classification, and utilize microbial strains to decompose, consume the organism, nitrogen and the phosphorus that absorb in sewage, conventional has: conventional activated sludge process, AO method, blodisc and SBR method etc.Anaerobic biological treatment is the metabolic process utilizing anaerobion, and when organic pollutant being converted into inorganics and a small amount of cellular material without the need to providing when oxygen, conventional has: anaerobic contact method, anaerobic filter, UASB upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process etc.
This rural sewage treatment combination process is in fact the integration of several purifying method, namely utilize the existing septic tank in rural area, methane-generating pit carries out one-level pre-treatment to sewage, sewage collecting carries out precipitate and separate after concentrating again in equalizing tank, process eventually through artificial constructed microbial film filter tank, sewage can reach the emission standard of one-level B.
This microbial film filter tank is a kind of novel land treatment technique, its core adopts the good natural river sand of penetrating quality, haydite, zeolite, coal gangues etc. replace natural soil layer for main filtration media, thus greatly improve the hydraulic load of system, when waste water is by filter tank, filtrate has retained the suspended matter in waste water, microorganism is bred very soon, microorganism has adsorbed again solvability and colloidal organic matter in waste water further, increase gradually and define microbial film, rely on the microbial film of filter material surface to adsorption and oxidation effect organic in waste water, waste water is purified, this system has Low investment, less energy-consumption, convenient operation and management and decontamination effect improving good, the advantages such as sludge yield pettiness.This technique also has certain shortcoming, takes up an area comparatively greatly, blockage problem is serious, dephosphorization is unstable, denitrification effect is poor, but can realize qualified discharge completely for rural sewage treatment.Investigator makes great efforts the structure optimizing filter material layer always, to improve the water quality of system water outlet.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of efficient process domestic sewage in rural areas.Utilize the existing septic tank in rural area, the advanced row relax of methane-generating pit, then carry out precipitate and separate through equalizing tank, finally by the process discharge of artificial membrane filter tank.
Concrete steps are:
(1) sanitary sewage is first through grid canal (width of the channel 500-1000mm), tackles relatively large floating matter.
(2) sewage enters septic tank or methane-generating pit after grid canal, and hydraulic detention time is 12-36 hour, and lattice precipitates, and carries out anaerobic digestion to sewage; Namely to the one-level pre-treatment of sewage.
(3) water body after step (two) process enters equalizing tank, and control discharge, the average discharge of water is 2-4m
3/ h, in order to avoid the work affecting microbial film filter tank below.
(4) entering microbial film filter tank through the current of step (three) (is that main filtration media replaces natural soil layer with the good natural river sand of penetrating quality, haydite, zeolite, coal gangue, thus greatly improve the hydraulic load of system), surface load is 0.9-1.0m
3sewage/m
2.d, and with the design scale in this state modulator microbial film filter tank, 30-60 minute water distribution time, Submergence time are 1-2 hour, filter tank total depth is 1.8-2.2 rice, filtrate thickness is 1.5-1.8 rice, filter structure is the fine filtering bed of material, transition filter material layer and gravel bed from top to bottom, the height ratio of the fine filtering bed of material, transition filter material layer and gravel bed is 47:13:40, wherein: the natural river sand of the fine filtering bed of material to be particle diameter be 1-3mm, the haydite of transition filter material layer to be particle diameter be 5-10mm, the coal gangue of gravel bed to be particle diameter be 30-40mm; The fine filtering bed of material above have water distributor, the bottom of gravel bed have two with parallel header, one end of header is stretched out outside microbial film filter tank, and the microbial film gap-contact that sewage and filter material surface grow, makes sewage be purified.
(5) sewage qualified discharge after treatment.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1) simple to operate, being particularly suitable for rural area does not have sewage disposal technology personnel, can process sanitary sewage easily yet.
2) working cost is cheap, and whole technique only needs once to promote, and does not need other power consumptions, and the running cost of ton water treatment is less than 0.1 yuan.
3) once invest and comparatively save, in fact whole technique only have: microbial film filter tank, adjustment (precipitation) pond, and need the equipment installed to promote water pump, water distribution system etc. exactly, the material in microbial film filter tank can be gathered materials on the spot, and cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is microbial film filter tank structure schematic diagram (front view) of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is microbial film filter tank structure schematic diagram (vertical view) of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is present invention process schema.
Mark in figure: the 1-fine filtering bed of material, 2-transition filter material layer, 3-gravel bed, 4-water distributor, 5-header.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
Project is renovated in flakes for orchard village, Yan Shan town, Yanshan District, Guilin City rural environment.The sewage treatment process that this sewage plant adopts is " anaerobism adjustment+microbial film filter tank ", and main processing units is made up of grid canal, septic tank, equalizing tank, microbial film filter tank.
(1) sewage collecting is also unified is delivered to sewage works, by the grid canal of grid width of the channel 800mm, has tackled most floating matter.
(2) sewage after the process of grid canal enters the septic tank that hydraulic detention time is 12 hours.
(3) through the sewage of septic tank, enter the equalizing tank that hydraulic detention time is 8 hours, control the flow of water, the average discharge of water is 2m
3/ h.
(4) finally enter dark 2 meters of pond, the microbial film filter tank of filtrate thickness 1.8 meters, surface load is 1.0m
3sewage/m
2.d, 30 minutes water distribution time, Submergence time are 2 hours; Filter structure is the fine filtering bed of material 1, transition filter material layer 2 and gravel bed 3 from top to bottom, the height of the fine filtering bed of material 1, transition filter material layer 2 and gravel bed 3 is respectively: 1.0 meters, 0.3 meter and 0.5 meter, wherein: the fine filtering bed of material 1 for particle diameter be the natural river sand of 1-3mm, transition filter material layer 2 for particle diameter be the haydite of 5-10mm, gravel bed 2 for particle diameter be the coal gangue of 30-40mm, water distributor 4 is had above the fine filtering bed of material 1, two parallel headers 5 are arranged at the bottom of gravel bed 3, and one end of header 5 is stretched out outside microbial film filter tank.
(5) the treated qualified discharge of sewage.
Sewage disposal data following (pH is zero dimension) are in table 1.
Table 1: water quality before and after sewage disposal
| Pollutent title | COD | BOD 5 | SS | NH 3-N | pH | TP | Excrement colibacillus group |
| Concentration (mg/L) before process | 250 | 120 | 150 | 30 | 6.5-8 | 4 | 0 |
| Concentration (mg/L) after process | <60 | <20 | <20 | <8 | 6-9 | <1 | 10 4Individual/L |
| Clearance (%) | 76 | 83.33 | 86.67 | 73.33 | - | 75 | - |
Sewage quality obviously improves as can be seen from Table 1, through native system purification, and one-level B standard that effluent quality reaches " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002).
Claims (1)
1. process a method for domestic sewage in rural areas, it is characterized in that concrete steps are:
(1) sanitary sewage is first the grid canal of 500-1000mm through width of the channel, tackles relatively large floating matter;
(2) sewage enters septic tank or methane-generating pit after grid canal, and hydraulic detention time is 12-36 hour, and lattice precipitates, and carries out anaerobic digestion to sewage; Namely to the one-level pre-treatment of sewage;
(3) water body after step (two) process enters equalizing tank, and control discharge, the average discharge of water is 2-4m
3/ h, in order to avoid the work affecting microbial film filter tank below;
(4) through the current of step (three), enter microbial film filter tank, surface load is 0.9-1.0m
3sewage/m
2.d, and with the design scale in this state modulator microbial film filter tank, water distribution time 30-60 minute, Submergence time is 1-2 hour, stop flooding time 5-8 hour, filter tank total depth is 1.8-2.2 rice, filtrate thickness is 1.5-1.8 rice, filter structure is the fine filtering bed of material (1) from top to bottom, transition filter material layer (2) and gravel bed (3), the fine filtering bed of material (1), the height ratio of transition filter material layer (2) and gravel bed (3) is 47:13:40, wherein: the fine filtering bed of material (1) for particle diameter be the natural river sand of 1-3mm, transition filter material layer (2) particle diameter is the haydite of 5-10mm, gravel bed (3) for particle diameter be the coal gangue of 30-40mm, water distributor (4) is had above the fine filtering bed of material (1), two parallel headers (5) are arranged at the bottom of gravel bed (3), one end of header (5) is stretched out outside microbial film filter tank, the microbial film gap-contact that sewage and filter material surface grow, makes sewage be purified.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510584911.8A CN105174619A (en) | 2015-09-15 | 2015-09-15 | Method for treating rural domestic sewage |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510584911.8A CN105174619A (en) | 2015-09-15 | 2015-09-15 | Method for treating rural domestic sewage |
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| CN105174619A true CN105174619A (en) | 2015-12-23 |
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| CN201510584911.8A Pending CN105174619A (en) | 2015-09-15 | 2015-09-15 | Method for treating rural domestic sewage |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106396293A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-02-15 | 新疆金兰德泰环保科技有限公司 | Sewage treatment system and sewage treatment underground structure |
| CN109879543A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-14 | 长沙如洋环保科技有限公司 | Rural area centralization domestic sewage processing method |
| CN112723673A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-30 | 华侨大学 | Integrated sewage pretreatment well and process thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101948214A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-01-19 | 浙江博世华环保科技有限公司 | Ecological greenbelt treatment process and system for treating rural domestic sewage |
| CN102001783A (en) * | 2010-06-12 | 2011-04-06 | 上海大学 | Combined rural sewage treatment process and system |
-
2015
- 2015-09-15 CN CN201510584911.8A patent/CN105174619A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102001783A (en) * | 2010-06-12 | 2011-04-06 | 上海大学 | Combined rural sewage treatment process and system |
| CN101948214A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-01-19 | 浙江博世华环保科技有限公司 | Ecological greenbelt treatment process and system for treating rural domestic sewage |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 王兴科等: ""村镇生活污水处理适宜技术分析"", 《环保科技》 * |
| 罗安程主编: "《农村生活污水处理知识160问》", 30 November 2013 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106396293A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-02-15 | 新疆金兰德泰环保科技有限公司 | Sewage treatment system and sewage treatment underground structure |
| CN109879543A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-14 | 长沙如洋环保科技有限公司 | Rural area centralization domestic sewage processing method |
| CN109879543B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2021-12-14 | 江苏信环生态环境治理有限公司 | Rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method |
| CN112723673A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-30 | 华侨大学 | Integrated sewage pretreatment well and process thereof |
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