Natural aeration vertical subsurface flow formula artificial wet field facilities for treating sewage
One, technical field
The utility model belongs to technical field of sewage treatment equipment, be specifically related to a kind of sanitary sewage artificial swamp treatment technology, particularly utilize natural aeration to strengthen the natural aeration vertical subsurface flow formula artificial wet field facilities for treating sewage of artificial wet land system preferably sanitary sewage disposal efficient.
Two, background technology
Sanitary sewage is to become the main source that pollute in each cities and towns, and sanitary sewage enters surface drainage systems such as river, lake, reservoir and all brings very important pollution to natural water.At present, the lake of domestic cities and towns periphery more than 80%, river, reservoir all have been subjected to coming from the pollution of municipal effluent to some extent, and caused the eutrophication pollution problem of a large amount of water systems, therefore cutting dirty comprehensively and focus on the main sewage disposal measure that becomes each big-and-middle-sized cities and towns to town domestic sewage.
The sewage disposal technology of traditional materialization+biochemical process has been widely used in the processing of each town sewage, as: the pre-treatment+SBR of physical sedimentation+chemical coagulation and precipitation, A
2The microbiological processes of O, oxidation ditch isoreactivity mud method has been widely used in each town sewage to be handled, and the sewage after the processing can reach GB 8,978 1996 primary standards.Yet, investment of traditional life treatment process and characteristics such as running cost height, professionalization of management degree height make a lot of cities and towns can't guarantee that after building sewage work well its operation steady in a long-term handles, thereby make the requirement that can't realize after the construction of part of contaminated water treatment plant the town sewage processing.In addition, investment traditional wastewater treatment plant requirements on Construction can't be satisfied in part small and medium cities, outskirts of a town, small towns etc., so that finally cause daily sanitary sewage to can not get timely processing, pollutes and directly enter the downstream natural water.
The artificial swamp technology from the fifties in last century since Germany uses, because characteristics such as its investment is low with running cost, stable, convenient management make the artificial swamp technology obtain acceptance widely in different wastewater treatment process.At present, artificial swamp arrives wastewater treatment process such as industry waste water, rubbish effusion such as sanitary sewage, chemical industry, pharmacy, printing and dyeing with successful Application, and obtains effect preferably.
Artificial swamp can be divided into two kinds of surface-flow and current wetlands, and current wetland comprises two kinds of vertical subsurface flow wetland and horizontal drowned flow wetlands again.Numerous domestic and international results of study show, it is bigger that dissimilar artificial swamps pollute the processing efficiency difference to nitrogen, phosphorus, organism in the sanitary sewage etc., surface-flow is respectively between 15-24%, 12-22% and the 18-30% nitrogen, phosphorus and treatment of organic matters of organic efficient in the sanitary sewage, and current wetland is respectively between 25-45%, 23-50% and the 24-35% nitrogen, phosphorus and treatment of organic matters of organic efficient in the sanitary sewage.Aggregate performance is that current wetland is higher than surface-flow to sanitary sewage disposal efficient to artificial swamp to sanitary sewage disposal efficient, and vertical subsurface flow wetland is better than the horizontal drowned flow wetland to sanitary sewage disposal efficient.
At the end of the eighties in last century, artificial swamp has progressed into the sewage disposal of China and has obtained development preferably.As: the nineties in last century, the Honghu artificial wet land system purification of water quality engineering in China Shenzhen is by building efficient vertical current constructed wetland system handles Buji river river and peripheral domestic sewage in rural areas by using, and water outlet can be satisfied the requirement of urban greening water; Yuxi Jiu Xi artificial swamp of setting up the beginning of this century is positioned at Yuxi Jiu Xi town, Yunnan Province, with effective processing nebula lake water outlet (bad five class water bodys), and obtains better treatment effect by structure anaerobism sugar, surface low and the drowned flow artificial emergent pool etc.Yet traditional artificial swamp ubiquity sewage treating efficiency of China Reconstructs is low at present, and is low to the processing efficiency of nitrogen, phosphor contaminant, the big problems such as (the sewage disposal daily load of unit surface artificial swamp are 0.1-0.3t/d) of floor space.In general, traditional artificial swamp is not high to sanitary sewage disposal efficient, and is especially relatively poor to nitrogen, phosphorus, treatment of organic matters of organic effect, problem such as floor space is big.Generally speaking, sanitary sewage generally can only reach the GB89781996 secondary standard after traditional artificial swamp is handled.
The utility model content
The natural aeration vertical subsurface flow formula artificial wet field facilities for treating sewage that the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of capital construction and working cost is low, technical process is simple, operational management is convenient, resistance to overload shock, long service life, sewage treating efficiency height, water outlet can satisfy GB 8,978 1996 primary standards.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that and comprises pretreatment pool, the artificial swamp treating pond, advanced treatment pond and natural circulation bath, described pretreatment pool comprises Nei Chi and Wai Chi, pond in water inlet pipe is communicated with, bottom, interior pond is communicated with outer pond, Wai Chi top is by the water distributor in the water outlet connection artificial swamp treating pond, described artificial swamp treating pond is constituted by the composite interstitial substance layer, artificial swamp treating pond bottom is communicated with the advanced treatment pond by the clear water water outlet, bottom, advanced treatment pond is provided with filter packing, top, advanced treatment pond is provided with the water conservancy diversion funnel, water conservancy diversion funnel top is communicated with the water conservancy diversion inclined tube of natural circulation bath, vent pipe and Venturi tube are set respectively on the water conservancy diversion inclined tube, the water conservancy diversion inclined tube is communicated with inner circulating tube, and inner circulating tube is communicated with the artificial swamp treating pond through check valve by the circulation water-in.
Pretreatment pool is finished primary treatment by the sewage natural sedimentation effect in the pool water level uphill process outside, to remove the part SS in the sewage; Emergent root system in the pretreatment pool is with fixing nitrogen, the phosphor contaminant in the sewage of the mode that absorbs desired nutritional; The covering effect of plant plankton makes outer pond be in relative anaerobic environment, and organic pollutant in the sanitary sewage is carried out anaerobic degradation.Stopped 3-5 days in the pretreatment pool, remove portion C OD (chemical oxygen demand (COD)), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)), ammonia nitrogen, TSS pollutents such as (total suspended matters), reduce the sewage pollution load that enters the artificial swamp treating pond, improve the biodegradability of sewage.
Pretreated sewage enters the artificial swamp water distributor, undercurrent is to artificial swamp hypothallus bottom from top to bottom, and artificial swamp is by the processing of effect realizations such as physics interception, filtration, chemical reaction precipitation to pollutents such as nitrogen, phosphorus, organism, SS in the sanitary sewage; Varigrained wetland hypothallus will provide framework and support for the wetland microbial growth; From top to bottom by the thin blockage problem that can effectively solve traditional artificial swamp to thick artificial swamp hypothallus.The wetland microorganism that forms in stromal surface and root system of plant zone is realized the conversion to organic degraded, nitrogen-containing pollutant under aerobic and anaerobic condition, to phosphorous contaminant degradation, polymerization etc., sanitary sewage stopped 1-3 days in the artificial swamp treating pond, can effectively remove COD, BOD, nitrogen-containing pollutant in the sewage, contain pollutents such as phosphor contaminant, TSS.Sewage enters the advanced treatment pond subsequently, rise to the water conservancy diversion funnel behind the filtering-depositing of filler after filtration, enter the water conservancy diversion inclined tube and efflux by water outlet, part water enters by the circulation water-in in Venturi tube, inner circulating tube, check valve and the artificial swamp treating pond installed on the water conservancy diversion inclined tube, realization is to the natural aeration of sewage in the pretreatment pool, to improve processing efficiency.
The utlity model has pollution load height, strong shock resistance, floor space is little, sewage treating efficiency is high, stable, characteristics such as energy consumption is low, can effectively improve sanitary sewage disposal efficient, especially to nitrogen, phosphorus, treatment of organic matters of organic efficient, can be widely used in the processing of middle-size and small-size cities and towns, outskirts of a town, small towns and domestic sewage in rural areas by using.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the utility model treatment unit one-piece construction synoptic diagram.
Among the figure: I-pretreatment pool, II-artificial swamp treating pond, III-advanced treatment pond, IV-natural circulation bath; the 1-water inlet pipe, 2-plant plankton, the outer pond of 3-, pond in the 4-; the 5-water outlet, the 6-emergent, the 7-water distributor, the 8-kind is planted hypothallus; 9-particulate hypothallus, grain hypothallus among the 10-, 11-coarse grain hypothallus, 12-clear water water outlet; the 13-filter packing, 14-water conservancy diversion funnel, 15-water conservancy diversion inclined tube, 16-vent pipe; the 17-Venturi tube, 18-inner circulating tube, 19-check valve, 20-circulation water-in.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is further described, but never in any form the utility model is limited, any conversion based on the utility model training centre is done all falls into protection domain of the present utility model.
As shown in drawings, the utility model comprises pretreatment pool I, artificial swamp treating pond II, advanced treatment pond III and natural circulation bath IV, described pretreatment pool I comprises Nei Chi and Wai Chi, pond in water inlet pipe 1 is communicated with, bottom, interior pond is communicated with outer pond, Wai Chi top is by the water distributor 7 among the water outlet 5 connection artificial swamp treating pond II, described artificial swamp treating pond II is constituted by the composite interstitial substance layer, artificial swamp treating pond II bottom is communicated with advanced treatment pond III by clear water water outlet 12, III bottom in advanced treatment pond is provided with filter packing 13, III top, advanced treatment pond is provided with water conservancy diversion funnel 14, water conservancy diversion funnel 14 tops are communicated with the water conservancy diversion inclined tube 15 of natural circulation bath IV, vent pipe 16 is set on the water conservancy diversion inclined tube 15 and Venturi tube 17 is set, water conservancy diversion inclined tube 15 is communicated with inner circulating tube 18, and inner circulating tube 18 is communicated with artificial swamp treating pond II through check valve 19 by circulation water-in 20.
The interior pool volume of described pretreatment pool is the 1/2-1/4 in outer pond.Plantation plant plankton 2 in the described pretreatment pool, plant plankton 2 comprise Herba Eichhorniae, waft greatly, one or more the combination in the duckweed.
Described artificial swamp treating pond is built by square or cylindrical structures and is formed, and lays artificial swamp matrix in the structures pond.The laying of artificial swamp matrix generally comprises the 2-5 layer, forms the thin artificial swamp matrix composite layer in thick earlier back from bottom to top.
Set gradually coarse grain hypothallus 11, middle grain hypothallus 10, particulate hypothallus 9 and plantation hypothallus 8 among the described artificial swamp treating pond III from bottom to top.
Described coarse grain hypothallus 11 is a gravel bed, and a described middle grain hypothallus 10 is the haydite layer, and described particulate hypothallus 9 is a cinder layer; Described plantation hypothallus 8 is a clay seam.
The matrix particle diameter of described coarse grain hypothallus 11 is 5-10cm, and laying depth is 20-40cm;
The matrix particle diameter of grain hypothallus 10 is 3-5cm in described, and laying depth is 30-50cm;
The matrix particle diameter of described particulate hypothallus 9 is 1-3cm, and laying depth is 20-40cm;
The laying depth of described plantation hypothallus 8 is 10-20cm.
Described plantation hypothallus is planted the good emergent of resistance to soiling for 11 kinds, and planting density is 10-30 * 10-30cm.Described emergent comprises one or more the combination in reed, hay grass, Scirpus tabernaemontani, calamus, the cattail.
Described water distributor 7 is between particulate hypothallus 9 and plantation hypothallus 8.
Described water distributor 7 calibers are 10-40mm, and the laying spacing of water distributor 7 is 30-80cm.
Described filter packing comprises fibrous nodules and/or pebbles.
Job requirement of the present utility model:
1, system's water inlet index: COD<400mg/L, preferred 80-350mg/L; BOD<250mg/L, preferred 50-200mg/L; Ammonia nitrogen<60mg/L, preferred 25-45mg/L; Total phosphorus<5mg/L, preferred 1.2-3.8mg/L;
2, in time clear up the mud in pretreatment pool and advanced treatment pond, periodical reaping and salvaging emergent;
3, guarantee rational operating parameter, dredge water distributor, water conservancy diversion inclined tube, Venturi tube, check valve etc. at any time, make regular check on or keep in repair the pipeline distributing system.
Example one
Kunming, Yunnan Province university campus sanitary sewage disposal example, treatment capacity 4-12t/d, pretreatment pool I are circular, the high 2.5m in pond, and interior pond radius is 0.2m, outer pond radius is 0.8m.Herba Eichhorniae plant plankton in water surface planting 50-80% coverage; Artificial swamp treating pond II is of a size of 3 * 2 * 2m.Wetland matrix is respectively rubble (granularity 5-8cm, thickness are 30cm), haydite (granularity 3-4cm, thickness are 40cm), cinder (2-3cm from bottom to top, thickness 40cm) and clay (3-5mm, and, be the hay grass thickness 30cm), with 20 * 20cm spacing plantation emergent 6; Advanced treatment pond III is of a size of 1 * 0.5 * 0.5m, square water conservancy diversion funnel 14 bottom sizes in middle part are that 1 * 0.5m and top water conservancy diversion inclined tube 15 internal diameters are 0.1m, water conservancy diversion inclined tube 15 is connected to the circulation water inlet among the artificial swamp treating pond II, highly be 1.3m, to realize internal recycle processing to sewage.
Sewage is taken from the sanitary sewage water reservoir, entering pretreatment pool I internal layer by submersible pump by 1 also progressively flows automatically to skin, discharge by water outlet 5 after stopping 48hrs, sewage is entered among the artificial swamp treating pond II by water distributor 7 and by flowing into advanced treatment pond III through clear water water outlet 12, filler 13 filtered sewage enter natural circulation bath by the syphonic effect of water conservancy diversion inclined tube 15 after filtration, and finish the 48hrs internal recycle through Venturi tube 17, inner circulating tube 18, check valve 19 and circulation water-in 20 successively and handle, the sewage after the processing is discharged by vent pipe 16.The removal effect of principal pollutant sees Table 1.
Table 1: this routine purifying domestic sewage effect and seasonal variation contrast table
As shown in Table 1, the utility model is different different because of season to the campus life sewage treatment effect, and summer is best, and winter is the poorest, and this is because outside air temperature in winter reason such as lower causes.From whole year operation situation, PO
4The clearance of-P and TP pollutent is between the 83-96%, and the pollution clearance of COD is between the 72-88%, NH
3The clearance of-N and TN pollutent is between the 53-84%, and effluent quality can reach the GB8978-1996 first discharge standard all the time.
Example two
Yunnan Province's Wenshan Prefecture village domestic sewage in rural areas by using is handled example, treatment capacity 6-8t/d.Pretreatment pool I is square, and the high 2m in pond, interior pool size are 0.2 * 0.22m, and outer pool size is 0.8 * 0.8m, the Herba Eichhorniae plant plankton of water surface planting 60% coverage; Artificial swamp treating pond II is for being of a size of 2.5 * 2 * 1.6m.Wetland matrix is respectively rubble (granularity 5-8cm from bottom to top, thickness is 30cm), haydite (granularity 3-4cm, thickness are 30cm), cinder (2-3cm, thickness 30cm) and clay (3-5mm, thickness 20cm), plant the emergent calamus with 15 * 15cm spacing in the clay matrix; Advanced treatment pond III is of a size of 0.6 * 0.4 * 0.5m, the square water conservancy diversion funnel bottom in middle part is of a size of 0.6 * 0.4m and top inclined tube internal diameter is 0.1m, water conservancy diversion inclined tube 15 is connected to artificial swamp treating pond water-in 20, highly be 1.1m, to realize internal recycle processing to sewage.
Sewage is taken from the sanitary sewage water reservoir, entering pretreatment pool I internal layer by submersible pump by 1 also progressively flows automatically to skin, discharge by water outlet 5 after stopping 24hrs, sewage is entered among the artificial swamp treating pond II by water distributor 7 and by flowing into advanced treatment pond III through clear water water outlet 12, filler 13 filtered sewage enter natural circulation bath by the syphonic effect of water conservancy diversion inclined tube 15 after filtration, and finish the 72hrs internal recycle through Venturi tube 17, inner circulating tube 18, check valve 19 and circulation water-in 20 successively and handle, the sewage after the processing is discharged by vent pipe 16.The removal effect of principal pollutant sees Table 2.
Table 2: this routine purifying domestic sewage effect and seasonal variation contrast table
As shown in Table 2, the utility model is different different because of season to the treatment effect of domestic sewage in rural areas by using, and summer is best, and winter is the poorest, and this is because outside air temperature in winter reason such as lower causes.Whole year operation situation from this artificial wetland, the clearance of PO4-P and TP pollutent is between the 85-93%, the pollution clearance of COD is between the 63-91%, and the clearance of NH3-N and TN pollutent is between the 53-78%, and effluent quality can reach GB 8978-1996 first discharge standard all the time.
Advantage of the present utility model
1, the utility model integrates natural circulating device and artificial swamp treating apparatus, is conducive to formation and the breeding of wetland microorganism, and the degraded of pollutant in the sanitary sewage is removed; From fine to coarse composite interstitial substance layer and the vertical subsurface flow mode blockage problem that effectively overcome the Traditional Man wetland from top to bottom.
2, the utility model applies to the advanced treating pond with siphon principle, to realize being cycled to repeat processing in the sanitary sewage; Simultaneously, the introducing Venturi tube has realized the natural aeration process to sanitary sewage, so that circulation enters 3-5 times that the dissolution of contaminated water oxygen content of artificial swamp treatment pond is higher than the Traditional Man wetland, thereby has strengthened the Aerobic Process for Treatment of artificial wet land system.
3, the utility model integrated design, technology is simple, and it is little affected by external condition, strong shock resistance, stable effluent quality can satisfy the processing requirements of cities and towns, domestic sewage in rural areas by using, can reach GB 8978-1996 first discharge standard.
4, low (the 800-2000 unit/t) of the utility model capital cost, equipment purchasing few (only several high-pressure pumps of need and sewage water distributor and carrier pipe), flexible operation, maintenance management make things convenient for, need not to add chemical reagent, processing cost only is 10-40% (the 0.03-0.1 unit/t), reach service life more than 10 years of conventional treatment method.
5, the utility model is fit to China's national situation very much, can be widely used in the processing of the little and point source sanitary sewage that disperses of the sewage generations such as the suburbs, small towns and rural area.