CN109879543B - Rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method, aiming at the characteristics of rural domestic sewage, the treatment process is adjusted to realize rural centralized domestic sewage treatment, the method mainly comprises three steps of oil removal treatment, oil-water separation and subsequent sewage treatment effect improvement, then anaerobic fermentation is carried out to generate methane to realize resource recycling, finally, treatment agent standing treatment is carried out on waste liquid, the obtained effluent meets the discharge standard and can be directly discharged, and the sludge can be transported for use after being dried. The treatment method effectively realizes resource recycling, accords with the concepts of environmental protection and sustainable development, does not need special sewage treatment equipment, has low operation and management cost, and is particularly suitable for the centralized treatment of rural sewage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sewage treatment, in particular to a rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method.
Background
Rural areas are farmer residences which are different from cities and towns and are called cities, mainly agricultural industries (natural economy and first industry), including various farms (livestock raising, aquaculture and the like), forest farms, gardening, vegetable production and the like. China has large rural occupied area and large population quantity, so the discharge amount of rural domestic sewage is quite astonishing, wherein most of rural domestic sewage is directly discharged to peripheral water bodies without treatment, and serious harm is caused to the ecological environment.
Compared with urban domestic sewage, the rural domestic sewage has the unique characteristics of the rural domestic sewage, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the popularization rate of tap water in most rural areas in China is low, water supply facilities are simple and crude, and water consumption of residents cannot be guaranteed, so that the per-capita water consumption of rural residents is far lower than that of urban residents, and the per-capita discharge amount of domestic sewage in rural areas is also far lower than that of urban domestic sewage.
2. The rural areas mainly adopt self-built houses, are constructed randomly and lack planning. Therefore, the domestic sewage of residents is discharged into open ditches or underground canals or nearby streams, rivers and lakes, even a lot of people collect excrement and urine as fertilizer, and the rest water is directly splashed to naturally evaporate or permeate into soil. Due to the factors, domestic sewage discharge in rural areas becomes extremely dispersed.
3. Most of the garbage in rural areas is randomly stacked, and basically no garbage classification exists, so that the rural domestic sewage is mixed with the sewage generated by stacking the garbage (including kitchen garbage with high oil content) and high-turbidity rainwater runoff and the like besides the household water for the residents, and the water quality and the components of the collected sewage are complex. In addition, the components of the domestic sewage are different under the influence of factors such as the conditions of living conditions, living habits and the like, and along with the economic development of rural areas and the change of the life style of rural families, the sources of the domestic sewage are more and more, and the components of water quality are more and more complex.
At present, distributed domestic sewage treatment is mainly used in rural areas, and the small sewage treatment facility is used for realizing nearby treatment and utilization of domestic sewage. On the other hand, with the development of social economy and the continuous upgrading of rural industrialization in China, the rural areas have changed day by day, and gathered places such as tourism and agricultural product processing enterprises appear, and centralized residential areas built in new rural areas and the like appear, so that the realization of centralized domestic sewage treatment in the rural areas becomes urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method to solve the technical problems of poor treatment effect of distributed domestic sewage and the like.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 0.004-0.005 time of propylene glycol block polyether L64 by weight into the collected domestic sewage, stirring, standing for the first time, carrying out oil-water separation, removing an upper oil phase, adding 0.001-0.002 time of dodecyl pyridine bromide by weight of a lower water phase and 0.0006-0.0008 time of cashew phenol formaldehyde block polyether CPFE by weight of the lower water phase into a lower water phase, standing for the second time, carrying out oil-water separation, removing the upper oil phase, and allowing the lower water phase to enter the step (2);
(2) pretreating to obtain pretreated sewage, adding sepiolite powder which is 0.005-0.01 time of the weight of the pretreated sewage, mixing uniformly, performing anaerobic fermentation to generate methane and waste liquid, wherein the methane is used for subsequent use, and the waste liquid enters the step (3);
(3) adding 0.02-0.03 time of treating agent by weight into the waste liquid, standing for 8-10 hours, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain effluent and sludge, wherein the effluent and the sludge are directly discharged, and the sludge is added with medicine, mixed and dried for external transportation; the preparation method of the treating agent comprises the following steps: adding fatty alcohol phosphate and chloropropyltrichlorosilane into water, stirring for 20-30 minutes, adding vermiculite powder, performing microwave reaction at 700-800W for 10-15 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, and filtering to obtain solid powder; adding the solid powder and the activated silica gel into a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, adding polysilicate aluminum sulfate and sodium silicate, stirring for 20-30 minutes, preparing raw material balls by using a ball forming mill, transferring the raw material balls into a muffle furnace, sintering for 2-3 hours at 110-120 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain the product; the mass ratio of the fatty alcohol phosphate to the chloropropyl trichlorosilane to the water to the vermiculite powder to the activated silica gel to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to the polyaluminum silicate sulfate to the sodium silicate is 1: 0.2-0.4: 50-60: 5-8: 10-12: 20-30: 8-10: 3-6, and the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 5-10%.
Preferably, in the step (1), the domestic sewage is collected and then flows through the fence to remove floating objects in the domestic sewage.
Preferably, in the step (1), the stirring time is 20-30 minutes, the first standing time is 10-12 hours, and the second standing time is 8-12 hours.
Preferably, in the step (2), the pretreatment includes water quality adjustment, electrolytic pretreatment and pressurized heating pretreatment, and the water quality adjustment is performed by the following specific method: lifting to an adjusting tank, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5; the process conditions of the electrolytic pretreatment are as follows: electrolyzing for 15-20 minutes under the condition of 1-2 mA of current; the process conditions of the pressurizing and heating pretreatment are as follows: treating for 10-15 minutes under the conditions of 40-60 kPa and 100-120 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the anaerobic fermentation conditions are as follows: the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 0.2-0.5 mg/L, the temperature is 35-45 ℃, and the time is 5-8 days.
Preferably, the biogas generated in step (2) enters a water seal for storage for subsequent use.
Preferably, in the step (3), the agent used for adding the sludge is prepared by the following method: adding an acrylamide monomer, an alpha-naphthylamine monomer, diacrylate polyethylene glycol ester and a chain transfer agent into N-vinyl pyrrolidone, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 30-40 minutes, adding an initiator, carrying out stirring reaction for 8-10 hours at 0-5 ℃, heating in a water bath to 40-50 ℃, and continuously carrying out stirring reaction for 3-5 hours to obtain the acrylic acid/acrylic acid copolymer; wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide monomer, the alpha-naphthylamine monomer, the diacrylate polyethylene glycol ester, the chain transfer agent, the N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the initiator is 1: 0.8-1: 0.3-0.4: 0.05-0.08: 3-4: 0.03-0.04 percent, the dosage of the medicament is 2-3 percent of the weight of the sludge, and the treatment time is 5-8 hours.
Further preferably, the chain transfer agent is a mixture of 2-methoxyethyl 2-phenyl-2- (pentylthiocarbonylthio) acetate and ethyl xanthogen acetate in a molar ratio of 1: 2-3; the initiator is azodiisopropyl imidazoline.
Preferably, in the step (3), the drying time is 12-16 hours.
Preferably, in the step (3), the vermiculite powder is obtained by crushing vermiculite to 200-300 meshes.
Preferably, in the step (3), the activated silica gel is obtained by soaking silica gel in 6mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 4 hours, then washing the silica gel with deionized water to be neutral, and drying the silica gel for 2 hours at 130 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the characteristics of rural domestic sewage, the treatment process is adjusted to realize rural centralized domestic sewage treatment, the method mainly comprises three steps of oil removal treatment, oil-water separation and subsequent sewage treatment effect improvement, then anaerobic fermentation is carried out to generate methane to realize resource recycling, finally, treatment agent is carried out on waste liquid for standing treatment, the obtained effluent meets the discharge standard and can be directly discharged, and the sludge can be transported for use after being dried. The treatment method effectively realizes resource recycling, accords with the concepts of environmental protection and sustainable development, does not need special sewage treatment equipment, has low operation and management cost, and is particularly suitable for the centralized treatment of rural sewage.
The oil removing treatment comprises two steps, wherein propylene glycol block polyether L64 is added in the first step, the mixture is stirred and then is subjected to first standing, dodecyl pyridine bromide and cardanol aldehyde block polyether CPFE are added in the lower-layer water phase, and the mixture is subjected to second standing to realize oil-water separation. In the first step, propylene glycol block polyether L64, which belongs to a nonionic surfactant, is added, stirring can promote the propylene glycol block polyether L64 to destroy an oil-water mixed system, oil-water separation is realized, and most of oil components can be basically removed; dodecyl pyridine bromide and cardanol block polyether CPFE are added to the second step, direct the stewing can, stirring operation falls reversely and can make a small amount of grease disperse in aqueous, be unfavorable for thorough water oil separating, this is because dodecyl pyridine bromide belongs to cationic surfactant, the surfactant of positive charge can form hydrophilic group inwards, the outside interface of arranging of hydrophobic group, it has good demulsification performance to O/W type emulsion to assist cardanol block polyether CPFE, the dehydration rate is high, can realize thorough water oil separating.
Because a large amount of human and animal excreta is mixed in the rural domestic sewage, the biogas can be generated by direct anaerobic fermentation, and a small amount of sepiolite powder is added, and the sepiolite powder contains magnesium, so that the catalytic action can be achieved, and the sufficient fermentation is promoted to generate the biogas; the key point of the anaerobic fermentation for producing the biogas is that the microorganism is grown, the growth state of the microorganism directly influences the fermentation effect, the sepiolite powder contains magnesium which is an important component of the enzyme in the microorganism cells, the addition of the sepiolite powder can improve the nutrition condition of the microorganism, meet the nutrition requirement of the microorganism and provide trace elements for promoting growth and propagation for the microorganism. The sewage is pretreated before anaerobic fermentation, including water quality regulation, electrolysis pretreatment and pressurized heating pretreatment, so that harmful substances in the sewage can be degraded, and a large amount of H with strong oxidizing property is generated by electrolysis2O2OH free radicals, which are oxidized and decomposed by the free radicals with strong oxidizing property through direct or indirect oxidation-reduction reaction, are favorable for the primary degradation of the organic matters, and are pressurizedThe heating pretreatment can decompose protein and promote the change of the organic matter micro-particle structure, so that the subsequent degradation becomes more solution, which is beneficial to full anaerobic fermentation, and the methane yield and the methane quality are improved.
The treating agent is directly added into the waste liquid for standing treatment, and the method is simple and efficient. Firstly, fatty alcohol phosphate and chloropropyl trichlorosilane are utilized to modify the vermiculite powder, a fatty chain is grafted on the surface of the vermiculite powder, organic modification such as phosphorylation, silanization and the like is realized, then adding the product and activated silica gel into a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, adding polysilicate aluminum sulfate and sodium silicate, reacting to realize organic polymerization (silane groups on the surface of vermiculite powder, silanol groups on the surface of silica gel, silicic acid groups of sodium silicate, and polymerization reaction between silicon groups in the polysilicate aluminum sulfate and polyvinyl alcohol, such as polyvinyl alcohol crosslinking) and functional modification, forming a net structure, wherein the vermiculite powder with adsorbability is organically modified and then uniformly dispersed on the net structure, and the net structure has rich branched chains, so that the obtained treating agent has good flocculation and adsorption effects on waste liquid, and plays a role in purification.
The agent added into the sludge is prepared by taking an acrylamide monomer, an alpha-naphthylamine monomer, diacrylate polyethylene glycol ester, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the like as raw materials, the N-vinyl pyrrolidone is taken as a solvent, under the action of an initiator, carbon-carbon double bonds in the acrylamide monomer, the alpha-naphthylamine and the diacrylate polyethylene glycol ester are opened, polymerization reaction is carried out among the same compounds or among different compounds to form a three-dimensional network structure, and sludge dehydration can be realized through the actions of ion exchange, hydrogen bonds and the like.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.
The cashew phenolic aldehyde block polyether CPFE is prepared according to a synthesis method recorded in a document 'synthesis of cashew phenolic aldehyde resin block polyether and demulsification performance research thereof' (handsome et al, Hua Chi technology, 2014, 22 (3): 13-15); fatty alcohol phosphate esters, purchased from Haian petrochemical plants, Jiangsu province.
Example 1:
a rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 0.004 times of propylene glycol block polyether L64 by weight into the gathered domestic sewage, stirring, standing for the first time, separating oil from water, removing an upper oil phase, adding 0.001 times of dodecyl pyridine bromide by weight of a lower water phase and 0.0006 times of cashew phenol formaldehyde block polyether CPFE by weight of a lower water phase into a lower water phase, standing for the second time, separating oil from water, removing the upper oil phase, and allowing the lower water phase to enter the step (2);
(2) pretreating to obtain pretreated sewage, adding sepiolite powder with the weight 0.005 times that of the pretreated sewage, uniformly mixing, performing anaerobic fermentation to generate methane and waste liquid, wherein the methane is used for subsequent use, and the waste liquid enters the step (3);
(3) adding 0.02 times of treating agent by weight into the waste liquid, standing for 8 hours, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain effluent and sludge, wherein the effluent and the sludge are directly discharged, and the sludge is added with medicine, mixed and dried for external transportation; the preparation method of the treating agent comprises the following steps: adding fatty alcohol phosphate and chloropropyl trichlorosilane into water, stirring for 20 minutes, adding vermiculite powder, reacting for 10 minutes under the nitrogen atmosphere by 700W microwave, and filtering to obtain solid powder; adding the solid powder and activated silica gel into a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, adding polysilicate aluminum sulfate and sodium silicate, stirring for 20 minutes, preparing raw material balls by using a ball forming mill, transferring the raw material balls into a muffle furnace, sintering for 2 hours at 110 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain the product; the mass ratio of the fatty alcohol phosphate to the chloropropyl trichlorosilane to the water to the vermiculite powder to the activated silica gel to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to the polyaluminum silicate sulfate to the sodium silicate is 1: 0.2: 50: 5: 10: 20: 8: and 3, the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 5%.
In the step (1), the domestic sewage flows through the fence after being collected so as to remove floating objects in the domestic sewage. The stirring time was 20 minutes, the first standing time was 10 hours, and the second standing time was 8 hours.
In the step (2), the pretreatment comprises water quality regulation, and the specific method for water quality regulation comprises the following steps: and lifting to an adjusting tank, and adjusting the pH to 6.5. And (3) the marsh gas generated in the step (2) enters a water seal device for storage for subsequent use.
In the step (3), the medicament used for adding the sludge is prepared by the following method: adding an acrylamide monomer, an alpha-naphthylamine monomer, diacrylate polyethylene glycol ester and a chain transfer agent into N-vinyl pyrrolidone, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 30 minutes, adding an initiator, stirring and reacting for 8 hours at 0 ℃, heating in a water bath to 40 ℃, and continuing to stir and react for 3 hours to obtain the acrylic acid/acrylic acid copolymer composite material; wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide monomer, the alpha-naphthylamine monomer, the diacrylate polyethylene glycol ester, the chain transfer agent, the N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the initiator is 1: 0.8: 0.3: 0.05: 3: 0.03, the dosage of the medicament is 2 percent of the weight of the sludge, and the treatment time is 5 hours. The chain transfer agent is a mixture of 2-methoxyethyl 2-phenyl-2- (pentylthiocarbonylthio) acetate and ethyl xanthic acid, and the molar ratio of the two is 1: 2; the initiator is azodiisopropyl imidazoline.
In the step (3), the drying time is 12 hours. The vermiculite powder is obtained by crushing vermiculite to 200 meshes. The activated silica gel is prepared by soaking silica gel in 6mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 4 hours, then washing the silica gel to be neutral by deionized water, and drying the silica gel for 2 hours at 130 ℃.
Example 2:
a rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 0.005 time of propylene glycol block polyether L64 into the gathered domestic sewage, stirring, standing for the first time, separating oil from water, removing an upper oil phase, adding 0.002 time of dodecyl pyridine bromide and 0.0008 time of cashew phenol formaldehyde block polyether CPFE into a lower water phase, standing for the second time, separating oil from water, removing the upper oil phase, and allowing the lower water phase to enter the step (2);
(2) pretreating to obtain pretreated sewage, adding sepiolite powder with the weight 0.01 time that of the pretreated sewage, uniformly mixing, performing anaerobic fermentation to generate methane and waste liquid, wherein the methane is used for subsequent use, and the waste liquid enters the step (3);
(3) adding 0.03 time of treating agent by weight into the waste liquid, standing for 10 hours, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain effluent and sludge, wherein the effluent and the sludge are directly discharged, and the sludge is added with medicine, mixed and dried for external transportation; the preparation method of the treating agent comprises the following steps: adding fatty alcohol phosphate and chloropropyltrichlorosilane into water, stirring for 30 minutes, adding vermiculite powder, reacting for 15 minutes under the nitrogen atmosphere by 800W microwave, and filtering to obtain solid powder; adding the solid powder and activated silica gel into a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, adding polysilicate aluminum sulfate and sodium silicate, stirring for 30 minutes, preparing raw material balls by using a ball forming mill, transferring the raw material balls into a muffle furnace, sintering for 3 hours at 120 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain the product; the mass ratio of the fatty alcohol phosphate to the chloropropyl trichlorosilane to the water to the vermiculite powder to the activated silica gel to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to the polyaluminum silicate sulfate to the sodium silicate is 1: 0.4: 60: 8: 12: 30: 10: 6, the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 10%.
In the step (1), the domestic sewage flows through the fence after being collected so as to remove floating objects in the domestic sewage. The stirring time was 30 minutes, the first standing time was 12 hours, and the second standing time was 12 hours.
In the step (2), the pretreatment comprises water quality regulation, and the specific method for water quality regulation comprises the following steps: and lifting to an adjusting tank, and adjusting the pH to 7.5. And (3) the marsh gas generated in the step (2) enters a water seal device for storage for subsequent use.
In the step (3), the medicament used for adding the sludge is prepared by the following method: adding an acrylamide monomer, an alpha-naphthylamine monomer, diacrylate polyethylene glycol ester and a chain transfer agent into N-vinyl pyrrolidone, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 40 minutes, adding an initiator, carrying out stirring reaction for 10 hours at the temperature of 5 ℃, heating in a water bath to 50 ℃, and continuously carrying out stirring reaction for 5 hours to obtain the acrylic acid/acrylic acid copolymer composite material; wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide monomer, the alpha-naphthylamine monomer, the diacrylate polyethylene glycol ester, the chain transfer agent, the N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the initiator is 1: 1: 0.4: 0.08: 4: 0.04, the dosage of the medicament is 3 percent of the weight of the sludge, and the treatment time is 8 hours. The chain transfer agent is a mixture of 2-methoxyethyl 2-phenyl-2- (pentylthiocarbonylthio) acetate and ethyl xanthic acid, and the molar ratio of the two is 1: 3; the initiator is azodiisopropyl imidazoline.
In the step (3), the drying time is 16 hours. The vermiculite powder is obtained by crushing vermiculite to 300 meshes. The activated silica gel is prepared by soaking silica gel in 6mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 4 hours, then washing the silica gel to be neutral by deionized water, and drying the silica gel for 2 hours at 130 ℃.
Example 3:
a rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 0.0045 times of propylene glycol block polyether L64 by weight into the collected domestic sewage, stirring, standing for the first time, separating oil from water, removing an upper oil phase, adding 0.0015 times of dodecyl pyridine bromide by weight of a lower water phase and 0.0007 times of cashew phenol formaldehyde block polyether CPFE by weight of a lower water phase into a lower water phase, standing for the second time, separating oil from water, removing the upper oil phase, and allowing the lower water phase to enter the step (2);
(2) pretreating to obtain pretreated sewage, adding sepiolite powder 0.007 times the weight of the pretreated sewage, uniformly mixing, performing anaerobic fermentation to generate methane and waste liquid, wherein the methane is used for subsequent use, and the waste liquid enters the step (3);
(3) adding 0.025 times of treating agent into the waste liquid, standing for 9 hours, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain effluent and sludge, wherein the effluent and the sludge are directly discharged, and the sludge is added with medicine, mixed and dried for external transportation; the preparation method of the treating agent comprises the following steps: adding fatty alcohol phosphate and chloropropyltrichlorosilane into water, stirring for 25 minutes, adding vermiculite powder, reacting for 12 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere by using 750W microwaves, and filtering to obtain solid powder; adding the solid powder and activated silica gel into a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, adding polysilicate aluminum sulfate and sodium silicate, stirring for 25 minutes, preparing raw material balls by using a ball forming mill, transferring the raw material balls into a muffle furnace, sintering for 2.5 hours at 115 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain the product; the mass ratio of the fatty alcohol phosphate to the chloropropyl trichlorosilane to the water to the vermiculite powder to the activated silica gel to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to the polyaluminum silicate sulfate to the sodium silicate is 1: 0.3: 55: 6: 11: 25: 9: and 5, the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 8%.
In the step (1), the domestic sewage flows through the fence after being collected so as to remove floating objects in the domestic sewage. The stirring time was 25 minutes, the first standing time was 11 hours, and the second standing time was 10 hours.
In the step (2), the pretreatment comprises water quality regulation, electrolysis pretreatment and pressurized heating pretreatment, and the water quality regulation method comprises the following specific steps: lifting to an adjusting tank, and adjusting the pH to 7; the process conditions of the electrolytic pretreatment are as follows: electrolyzing for 18 minutes under the condition of 1.5mA of current; the process conditions of the pressurizing and heating pretreatment are as follows: the treatment was carried out at 50kPa and 110 ℃ for 12 minutes. The anaerobic fermentation conditions are as follows: the dissolved oxygen was controlled at 0.3mg/L at 40 ℃ for 7 days. And (3) the marsh gas generated in the step (2) enters a water seal device for storage for subsequent use.
In the step (3), the medicament used for adding the sludge is prepared by the following method: adding an acrylamide monomer, an alpha-naphthylamine monomer, diacrylate polyethylene glycol ester and a chain transfer agent into N-vinyl pyrrolidone, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 30-40 minutes, adding an initiator, carrying out stirring reaction for 9 hours at the temperature of 2 ℃, heating in a water bath to 45 ℃, and continuously carrying out stirring reaction for 4 hours to obtain the acrylic acid/acrylic acid copolymer composite material; wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide monomer, the alpha-naphthylamine monomer, the diacrylate polyethylene glycol ester, the chain transfer agent, the N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the initiator is 1: 0.9: 0.35: 0.06: 3.5: 0.035, the dosage of the medicament is 2.5 percent of the weight of the sludge, and the treatment time is 7 hours. The chain transfer agent is a mixture of 2-methoxyethyl 2-phenyl-2- (pentylthiocarbonylthio) acetate and ethyl xanthic acid, and the molar ratio of the two is 1: 2.5; the initiator is azodiisopropyl imidazoline.
In the step (3), the drying time is 14 hours. The vermiculite powder is obtained by crushing vermiculite to 200 meshes. The activated silica gel is prepared by soaking silica gel in 6mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 4 hours, then washing the silica gel to be neutral by deionized water, and drying the silica gel for 2 hours at 130 ℃.
Comparative example 1
Step (1) is omitted, and the rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The sequence of the step (1) and the step (2) is reversed, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 3
The method of the step (1) comprises the following steps: adding 0.0045 times of propylene glycol block polyether L64 by weight into the collected domestic sewage, stirring, standing for the first time, performing oil-water separation, removing an upper oil phase, adding 0.0022 times of dodecyl pyridine bromide by weight of a lower water phase into a lower water phase, standing for the second time, performing oil-water separation, removing the upper oil phase, and allowing the lower water phase to enter the step (2). The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 4
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that sepiolite powder was not added in the step (2).
Comparative example 5
The preparation of the treating agent in step (3) is carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that the vermiculite powder is not modified with fatty alcohol phosphate and chloropropyl trichlorosilane, and is directly added to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution together with the activated silica gel.
Comparative example 6
The sodium silicate was omitted from the preparation of the treating agent in step (3), and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 7
In step (1), 0.001 times the weight of the lower aqueous phase of dodecylpyridinium bromide and 0.0004 times the weight of the lower aqueous phase of cardanol aldehyde block polyether CPFE were added to the lower aqueous phase, as in example 1.
Comparative example 8
In step (1), 0.001 times the weight of the lower aqueous phase of dodecylpyridinium bromide and 0.0009 times the weight of the lower aqueous phase of cardanol aldehyde block polyether CPFE were added to the lower aqueous phase, as in example 1.
Comparative example 9
In the step (3), the mass ratio of the fatty alcohol phosphate, the chloropropyl trichlorosilane, the water, the vermiculite powder, the activated silica gel, the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, the polyaluminum silicate sulfate and the sodium silicate is 1: 0.2: 50: 5: 10: 19: 8: 3, the rest of the process was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 10
In the step (3), the mass ratio of the fatty alcohol phosphate, the chloropropyl trichlorosilane, the water, the vermiculite powder, the activated silica gel, the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, the polyaluminum silicate sulfate and the sodium silicate is 1: 0.2: 50: 5: 10: 31: 8: 3, the rest of the process was the same as in example 1.
Test examples
Taking domestic sewage of a certain administrative village as an example, the water quality condition of inlet water is as follows: the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration is 5318mg/L, the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) concentration is 312mg/L, and the ammonia Nitrogen (NH)3-N) concentration of 680mg/L, Total Phosphorus (TP) concentration of 98mg/L, chroma of more than 10000 times, and effluent quality conditions are shown in Table 1 by adopting the sewage treatment methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-10 respectively.
TABLE 1. Water quality of effluent
Examples 1 to 3 of the wastewater treatment agent3The concentration of N reaches the national reuse standard, the chroma is low, the standard exceeds the national first-class A emission standard, and the standard is obviously superior to the comparative examples 1-6. Among them, the pretreatment in step (2) in examples 1 and 2 was carried out only for water quality control, and the treatment effect was slightly inferior to those in examples 2 and 3. Comparative example 1 has no oil removal operation, and comparative example 2 has the oil removal step behind, and the oil-water mixing system affects the subsequent treatment effect; comparative example 3 cashew phenol formaldehyde block polyether CPFE is not added during the second oil-water separation, so that the oil-water separation effect is poor, and the subsequent treatment effect is influenced; comparative example 4 sepiolite powder was not added, affecting the anaerobic fermentation effect, making the treatment effect worse; in the preparation of the treating agent in the comparative example 5, the vermiculite powder is not modified by fatty alcohol phosphate and chloropropyl trichlorosilane, and the vermiculite powder as an inorganic component cannot be uniformly mixed with other organic components, so that the treatment effect is influenced; comparative example 6 sodium silicate was omitted from the preparation of the treatment agent, which affects the network structure expansion and the treatment effect of the treatment agent; compared example 7 and compared example 8 respectively reduce and increase the consumption of CPFE of the cashew phenolic block polyether, so that the oil-water separation effect is poor, and the subsequent treatment effect is influenced; comparative example 9 and comparative example 10, in which the treatment effect of the treatment agent obtained by decreasing and increasing the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution was poor, illustrate the formulation of the specific materials of the present inventionThe better treatment effect can be obtained.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding 0.004-0.005 time of propylene glycol block polyether L64 by weight into the collected domestic sewage, stirring, standing for the first time, carrying out oil-water separation, removing an upper oil phase, adding 0.001-0.002 time of dodecyl pyridine bromide by weight of a lower water phase and 0.0006-0.0008 time of cashew phenol formaldehyde block polyether CPFE by weight of the lower water phase into a lower water phase, standing for the second time, carrying out oil-water separation, removing the upper oil phase, and allowing the lower water phase to enter the step (2);
(2) pretreating to obtain pretreated sewage, adding sepiolite powder which is 0.005-0.01 time of the weight of the pretreated sewage, mixing uniformly, performing anaerobic fermentation to generate methane and waste liquid, wherein the methane is used for subsequent use, and the waste liquid enters the step (3);
(3) adding 0.02-0.03 time of treating agent by weight into the waste liquid, standing for 8-10 hours, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain effluent and sludge, wherein the effluent and the sludge are directly discharged, and the sludge is added with medicine, mixed and dried for external transportation; the preparation method of the treating agent comprises the following steps: adding fatty alcohol phosphate and chloropropyltrichlorosilane into water, stirring for 20-30 minutes, adding vermiculite powder, performing microwave reaction at 700-800W for 10-15 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, and filtering to obtain solid powder; adding the solid powder and the activated silica gel into a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, adding polysilicate aluminum sulfate and sodium silicate, stirring for 20-30 minutes, preparing raw material balls by using a ball forming mill, transferring the raw material balls into a muffle furnace, sintering for 2-3 hours at 110-120 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain the product; the mass ratio of the fatty alcohol phosphate to the chloropropyl trichlorosilane to the water to the vermiculite powder to the activated silica gel to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to the polyaluminum silicate sulfate to the sodium silicate is 1: 0.2-0.4: 50-60: 5-8: 10-12: 20-30: 8-10: 3-6, and the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 5-10%.
2. The rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the stirring time is 20-30 minutes, the first standing time is 10-12 hours, and the second standing time is 8-12 hours.
3. The rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the pretreatment comprises water quality regulation, electrolysis pretreatment and pressurized heating pretreatment, and the water quality regulation is performed by the following specific method: lifting to an adjusting tank, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5; the process conditions of the electrolytic pretreatment are as follows: electrolyzing for 15-20 minutes under the condition of 1-2 mA of current; the process conditions of the pressurizing and heating pretreatment are as follows: treating for 10-15 minutes under the conditions of 40-60 kPa and 100-120 ℃.
4. The rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the anaerobic fermentation conditions are as follows: the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 0.2-0.5 mg/L, the temperature is 35-45 ℃, and the time is 5-8 days.
5. The rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the biogas generated in step (2) is stored in a water seal for later use.
6. The rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the agent used for adding the sludge is prepared by the following method: adding an acrylamide monomer, an alpha-naphthylamine monomer, diacrylate polyethylene glycol ester and a chain transfer agent into N-vinyl pyrrolidone, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 30-40 minutes, adding an initiator, carrying out stirring reaction for 8-10 hours at 0-5 ℃, heating in a water bath to 40-50 ℃, and continuously carrying out stirring reaction for 3-5 hours to obtain the acrylic acid/acrylic acid copolymer; wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide monomer, the alpha-naphthylamine monomer, the diacrylate polyethylene glycol ester, the chain transfer agent, the N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the initiator is 1: 0.8-1: 0.3-0.4: 0.05-0.08: 3-4: 0.03-0.04 percent, the dosage of the medicament is 2-3 percent of the weight of the sludge, and the treatment time is 5-8 hours.
7. The rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method according to claim 6, wherein the chain transfer agent is a mixture of 2-methoxyethyl 2-phenyl-2- (pentylthiocarbonylthio) acetate and ethyl xanthate acetic acid, and the molar ratio of the two is 1: 2-3; the initiator is azodiisopropyl imidazoline.
8. The rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the drying time is 12-16 hours.
9. The rural centralized domestic sewage treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the vermiculite powder is obtained by pulverizing vermiculite to 200-300 meshes.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the activated silica gel is obtained by soaking silica gel in 6mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 4 hours, washing with deionized water to neutrality, and drying at 130 ℃ for 2 hours.
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| CN105174619A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-23 | 桂林理工大学 | Method for treating rural domestic sewage |
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