CN105157491B - Blasting method for forming dome through tunnel large section - Google Patents
Blasting method for forming dome through tunnel large section Download PDFInfo
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- CN105157491B CN105157491B CN201510483237.4A CN201510483237A CN105157491B CN 105157491 B CN105157491 B CN 105157491B CN 201510483237 A CN201510483237 A CN 201510483237A CN 105157491 B CN105157491 B CN 105157491B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blasting method for forming a dome through a tunnel large section. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, an excavating face of a tunnel is measured, a blasting central point is determined, and a blasting central hole is drilled in the blasting central point; secondly, positions and distribution manners of a cuthole set, a first auxiliary hole set, a second auxiliary hole set and a peripheral hole set are determined sequentially; thirdly, an air drill is used at the determined positions of all cutholes, first auxiliary holes, second auxiliary holes and peripheral holes for drilling, the cutholes, the first auxiliary holes, the second auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes are formed, and the bottoms of the cutholes, the first auxiliary holes, the second auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes are provided with blasting caps and filled with explosives, and segmental-jumping blasting is carried out; and fourthly, the first step, the second step and the third step are repeatedly executed, and the next cycle is carried out. The excavating face capable of forming a dome structure through blasting has the beneficial effects of being high in safety and reliability and high in practicability, the problems of roof carving and block falling are solved, and the safety coefficient of tunnel excavation is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of excavation method in tunnel, and in particular to it is a kind of with regard to tunnel big cross section into dome explosion side
Method.
Background technology
The excavation method of presently implemented big cross section and extra-large cross-section is the photoface exploision performed using jump section, main to adopt
Using angled cut, the eyeground of reliever is fully fallen on same section, and snubber length is slightly larger than the length of reliever, periphery
The length of eye is identical with the length of reliever.Photoface exploision terminates rear face almost at grade.Major problem is that
Easily there is roof fall, falls block in such form of fracture, and the less applicable Grades of Surrounding Rock of the free degree is less when excavation, and
And it is dangerous larger, explosive consumption is larger.
Tunnel deformation is mainly face surrouding rock deformation elongation after the disappearance of axial stress, causes radial deformation so that footpath
Diminish to original surrouding rock stress, change the stress characteristic of original country rock, Stress Release causes wall rock loosening, also demonstrates
Fall block roof fall etc. to be mainly near face.The dome that tunnel big cross section goes out into the blasting method explosion of dome is in short time area
Face surrouding rock deformation elongation after the disappearance for preventing axial stress can be played before the non-weathering of face rock, the effect of radial deformation is caused
Really.
China's big cross section and Super-large-section tunnel progress considerable as economic development has is more original suitable less
The excavation method of section has been not suitable for existing form of fracture, and the requirement of the split digging stillage truck of existing section is also unsatisfactory for original
The enforcement of excavation method.The tunnel drilling equipment of China has significant progress, has had powerful breast drill to arrive
Various types of all-hydraulic, electronic, oily dynamic driving cars, single hole drilling 5m has been very usual thing.It is efficient to excavate equipment
Enforcement save digging time and provide strong equipment and support for the change of digging mode so that be limited to machinery and when
Between excavation method be carried out.
In prior art, the excavation method of big cross section and extra-large cross-section is generally adopted jumps the photoface exploision that section is performed, mainly
Using adopting the eyeground of angled cut, reliever to fully fall on same section, snubber length is slightly larger than the length of reliever,
The length of periphery hole and the length of reliever are with long.After explosion terminates, section is nearly seated on same plane.Using kind of an explosion side
Easily there is roof fall, falls block in method, the form of fracture that explosion goes out, and because country rock extruding above is slumped to down when excavation
Come, often explosion is incomplete to cause following country rock, and explosive consumption is larger.
There is roof fall, fall block and be mainly after the disappearance of axial stress to cause country rock radial deformation to extend in tunnel, cause radially
Deformation, so as to directly affects at face with the ring country rock of radial direction country rock directly contact, cause the stress of ring country rock
Release, changes the stress characteristic of original country rock, and annular Stress relieving of surrounding rocks causes annular wall rock loosening, so as to cause
Many safety problems such as block roof fall.
Original blasting excavation, reliever is entirely to squeeze into perpendicular to section, and all of eyeground is all same
On section, the face so in explosion out is plane, and section is easy to deform, in order to solve this problem, existing skill
Art is to take gunite concrete to carry out temporary enclosed or Full-face pouring and squeeze into glass fibre and carry out the country rock of section to add
Gu to avoid the surrouding rock deformation of section, but these methods are all very time-consuming and cost is high.
According to the dome structure that big cross section goes out into dome blasting method explosion, stability specific to dome is make use of,
Dome structure interim equivalent to one before preliminary bracing reduces radial direction surrouding rock deformation elongation, so as to ensure that annular country rock not
Loosen, it is therefore prevented that fall many safety problems such as block roof fall.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is：After country rock explosion in existing Blasting Excavation, explosion out flat
Due to the supporting without interim stabilization, the surrouding rock deformation for causing is excessive and the problem of surrounding rock stability difference that causes for the country rock in face,
Such as roof fall, fall block.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
Blasting method of the tunnel big cross section into dome, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
The first step, measures the excavation face in tunnel, in vertical down 1 meter of the position of the geometric center point of excavation face, determines quick-fried
Broken central point, explosion centre bore is got out in explosion central point along tunnel axis direction.
Second step, around explosion central point, determines successively from inside to outside snubber group, the first reliever in excavation face
The position of group, the second reliever group and periphery hole group, several snubbers in snubber group are distributed along innermost circle contour,
Several reliever in first reliever group are distributed in internal layer arcuate line, several No. two in the second reliever group
Reliever is distributed in middle arcuate line, and several periphery holes in periphery hole group are distributed in outer layer arcuate line.
3rd step, is entered on each snubber, the determination position of reliever, No. two relievers and a periphery hole using air drill
Row drilling, forms respectively snubber, reliever, No. two relievers and a periphery hole, all snubbers, reliever,
The bottom of No. two relievers and periphery hole is placed detonator and loads explosive, and detonator is networked, and carries out jumping section explosion, opening after explosion
Digging face is in concave towards the dome structure that tunnel does not excavate part.
4th step, repeats the first step, second step and the 3rd step, into subsequent cycle.
Preferably, the spacing of the adjacent snubber in the snubber group be 40cm～55cm, the axis of each snubber with
The angle of the axis of centre bore is in 20 °～30 °, the depth of snubber and the deep equality of explosion centre bore, the depth of snubber
Than cutting depth depth 1.5m～2m.
Preferably, described also to arrange periphery hole on the bottom line of outer layer arcuate line, the depth of all periphery holes is and tunnel
Cutting depth it is identical, the angle all same of the axis of all periphery holes and the axis of explosion centre bore.
Preferably, it is described that a reliever is also disposed with the bottom line of internal layer arcuate line.
Preferably, the angle of the axis of the depth all same of all relievers, its axis and explosion centre bore
Also all same.The depth all same of all No. two relievers, the angle of the axis of its axis and explosion centre bore also all same.
Preferably, the depth of a reliever more than No. two relievers depth, the axis of a reliever with it is quick-fried
The angle of the axis of broken centre bore is more than the axis of No. two relievers and the angle of the axis of explosion centre bore.
Preferably, the depth of a reliever is less than the depth of snubber, in the axis of a reliever and explosion
The angle of the axis in heart hole is less than the axis of snubber and the angle of the axis of explosion centre bore.The depth of No. two relievers is more than
The depth of periphery hole, the axis of No. two relievers is more than in the axis of periphery hole and explosion with the angle of the axis of explosion centre bore
The angle of the axis in heart hole.
By adopting above-mentioned technical proposal, the method have the benefit that：
Determine explosion central point in the vertical down 1 meter of position of the geometric center point of excavation face, do not subtracting so in explosion
Using the deadweight of country rock country rock can be come off as far as possible in the case of few demolition effect, reduce the consumption of explosive.Slotting
It is to be formed with an explosion space of a similar frustum when starting explosion that eye inclines the purpose squeezed into, and is the slotting of next step
The explosion of eye provides explosion space.By the depth and angle that control reliever and periphery hole, it is therefore an objective to after the completion of explosion
Excavation face forms dome structure, and the end face of dome structure has autostability, and deflection is very little.
The excavation face of dome structure has security reliability high, the characteristics of practical, drastically increases tunnel excavation
Security, and due to the raising of safety coefficient, can be prevented effectively from because of axial stress disappearance, the country rock of excavation face is along tunnel axle
Line anamorphic stretching, can cause the wall rock loosening near excavation face, fall block after Stress relieving of surrounding rocks, cause security incident.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic layout pattern of explosion centre bore, snubber, reliever and periphery hole in excavation face of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the right view of Fig. 1 borehole blasting centre bores, snubber, reliever and periphery hole schematic layout pattern.
Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 1 borehole blasting centre bores, snubber, reliever and periphery hole schematic layout pattern.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in detail：
With reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, tunnel big cross section into dome blasting method,
The first step, measures the excavation face in tunnel, in vertical down 1 meter of the position of the geometric center point of excavation face, determines quick-fried
Broken central point 101, explosion centre bore 101, the explosion centre bore 101 are got out in explosion central point 101 along tunnel axis direction
No. 0 hole for illustrating in figure, No. 0 hole is the straight hole along tunnel axis direction.
Second step, around explosion central point 101, determines successively from inside to outside snubber group, the first auxiliary in excavation face
The position of eye group, the second reliever group and periphery hole group, several snubbers 102 in snubber group are along innermost circle contour
Distribution, as shown in fig. 1,1,2,3, No. 4 holes being distributed on the innermost circle contour of explosion centre bore 101 are snubber 102.
The spacing of the adjacent snubber in the snubber group is the folder of 40cm～55cm, the axis of each snubber and the axis of centre bore
Angle is in 20 °～30 °, the depth of snubber and the deep equality of explosion centre bore, the depth ratio cutting depth depth 1.5m of snubber
～2m.Several reliever 103 in first reliever group are distributed in internal layer arcuate line, described in internal layer arcuate line
Also a reliever 103 is disposed with bottom line, as shown in fig. 1, No. 10～No. 16 holes being distributed in internal layer arcuate line are No. one
Reliever 103, No. 5～No. 9 holes being distributed on the bottom line of internal layer arcuate line are also a reliever 103.Described all No. one auxiliary
Help the depth all same of eye 103, the angle of its axis and the axis of explosion centre bore also all same.
Several No. two relievers 104 in second reliever group are distributed in middle arcuate line, as shown in fig. 1, in
Between No. 17～No. 29 holes being distributed in arcuate line be No. two relievers 104.The depth all same of all No. two relievers 104, its
The angle of the axis of axis and explosion centre bore 101 also all same.The depth of a number reliever 103 is more than No. two relievers
104 depth, the axis of a reliever 103 is more than the axle of No. two relievers 104 with the angle of the axis of explosion centre bore 101
The angle of the axis of line and explosion centre bore 101.
Several periphery holes 105 in periphery hole group are distributed in outer layer arcuate line, the bottom line in outer layer arcuate line
On also arrange periphery hole 105, as shown in fig. 1, in outer layer arcuate line be distributed No. 30～No. 49 holes be periphery hole 105, outer layer
No. 50～No. 58 holes being distributed on the bottom line of arcuate line are also periphery hole 105.The depth of all periphery holes 105 is opened with tunnel
Digging depth is identical, the angle all same of the axis of all periphery holes 105 and the axis of explosion centre bore 101.A number auxiliary
The depth of eye 103 is less than the angle of the depth of snubber 102, the axis of a reliever 103 and the axis of explosion centre bore 101
Less than the angle of the axis of the axis and explosion centre bore 101 of snubber 102.The depth of No. two relievers 104 is more than periphery hole
105 depth, the angle of the axis of No. two relievers 104 and the axis of explosion centre bore 101 more than periphery hole 105 axis with
The angle of the axis of explosion centre bore 101.
3rd step, in the reliever 104 of reliever 103, two of each snubber 102, one and the determination position of periphery hole 105
Upper use air drill is drilled, and the reliever 104 of reliever 103, two of snubber 102, one and periphery hole 105 are formed respectively,
Detonator is placed in the bottom of the reliever 104 of reliever 103, two of all snubbers 102, one and periphery hole 105 and load fried
Medicine, detonator is networked, and carries out jumping section explosion, and the excavation face after explosion is in concave towards the dome structure that tunnel does not excavate part.
Jump section blasting process to be sequentially completed from inside to outside, the explosion of each ring has the time interval of certain microsecond, this
The blasting method of sample provides explosion space can to the explosion of next ring.First, 1,2,3, No. 4 hole explosions, do not put inside No. 0 hole
Put explosive, can for its periphery snubber 102 in explosion, there is provided the space of Stress Release.Secondly, first explosion internal layer arcuate line and
No. two relievers 104 being distributed in arcuate line in the middle of a reliever 103 being distributed on its bottom line, then explosion.Snubber 102 is quick-fried
Broken to complete, the space that can provide Stress Release for the explosion of a reliever 103 a, reliever 103 explosion is completed, can be with
Explosion for No. two relievers 104 provides the space of Stress Release.Finally, outer layer arcuate line and its periphery hole on bottom line are carried out
105 explosions, No. two relievers 104 explosion is completed, the space that can provide Stress Release for the explosion of periphery hole 105.Treat outer layer
After No. 30～No. 58 hole explosions being distributed in arcuate line and its bottom line are completed, whole blasting process terminates.After explosion terminates,
Good dome structure is defined in new excavation face, comparison is regular, and dome structure has autostability, near enclosing for excavation face
Rock loosens, falls block, causes security incident.
4th step, repeats the first step, second step and the 3rd step, into subsequent cycle.
Certainly, described above is not limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
Change, remodeling, addition or replacement that the technical staff in domain is made in the essential scope of the present invention, should also belong to the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (4)
1. blasting method of the tunnel big cross section into dome, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
The first step, measures the excavation face in tunnel, in vertical down 1 meter of the position of the geometric center point of excavation face, in determining explosion
Heart point, explosion centre bore is got out in explosion central point along tunnel axis direction；
Second step, around explosion central point, determine successively in excavation face from inside to outside snubber group, the first reliever group,
The position of two reliever groups and periphery hole group, several snubbers in snubber group are distributed along innermost circle contour, and first
Several reliever in reliever group are distributed in internal layer arcuate line, several No. two auxiliary in the second reliever group
Eye is distributed in middle arcuate line, and several periphery holes in periphery hole group are distributed in outer layer arcuate line；
3rd step, is bored on each snubber, the determination position of reliever, No. two relievers and a periphery hole using air drill
Hole, forms respectively snubber, reliever, No. two relievers and a periphery hole, all snubbers, reliever, No. two
The bottom of reliever and periphery hole is placed detonator and loads explosive, and detonator is networked, and carries out jumping section explosion, the excavation face after explosion
In the dome structure for concaving towards tunnel and not excavating part；
4th step, repeats the first step, second step and the 3rd step, into subsequent cycle；
The depth all same of all relievers, the angle of the axis of its axis and explosion centre bore also all same；All two
The depth all same of number reliever, the angle of its axis and the axis of explosion centre bore also all same；
The depth of a number reliever is more than the depth of No. two relievers, the axis of a reliever and the axle of explosion centre bore
The angle of line is more than the axis of No. two relievers and the angle of the axis of explosion centre bore；
The depth of a number reliever is less than the depth of snubber, the axis of a reliever and the axis of explosion centre bore
Angle is less than the axis of snubber and the angle of the axis of explosion centre bore；Depth of the depth of No. two relievers more than periphery hole
Degree, the axis of No. two relievers is more than the axis of periphery hole and the axis of explosion centre bore with the angle of the axis of explosion centre bore
Angle.
2. blasting method of the tunnel big cross section according to claim 1 into dome, it is characterised in that in the snubber group
The spacing of adjacent snubber be 40cm～55cm, the angle of the axis of each snubber and the axis of centre bore is in 20 °～30 °,
The depth of snubber and the deep equality of explosion centre bore, the depth ratio cutting depth depth 1.5m～2m of snubber.
3. blasting method of the tunnel big cross section according to claim 1 into dome, it is characterised in that in outer layer arcuate line
Also periphery hole is arranged on bottom line, the depth of all periphery holes is identical with the cutting depth in tunnel, the axis of all periphery holes with
The angle all same of the axis of explosion centre bore.
4. blasting method of the tunnel big cross section according to claim 1 into dome, it is characterised in that in internal layer arcuate line
Also a reliever is disposed with bottom line.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510483237.4A CN105157491B (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2015-08-07 | Blasting method for forming dome through tunnel large section |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510483237.4A CN105157491B (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2015-08-07 | Blasting method for forming dome through tunnel large section |
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| CN105157491A CN105157491A (en) | 2015-12-16 |
| CN105157491B true CN105157491B (en) | 2017-05-10 |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105953670A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-09-21 | 杨毅 | Rectangular tunnel full-section blasting excavation construction method |
| CN107133459B (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2019-06-07 | 华东交通大学 | A kind of calculation method of tunnel cumulative photoface exploision periphery hole parameter |
| CN108180798A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 中南林业科技大学 | The molding construction method of water-conveyance tunnel full face blasting |
| CN109682270A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-26 | 湖北宜化江家墩矿业有限公司 | A kind of construction technology for tunneling keyhole |
| CN111692931B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2022-07-05 | 南京铁道职业技术学院 | Intelligent hole distribution method for tunnel blasting |
| CN112129183A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-25 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Hyperboloid cave depot dome accurate and rapid forming blasting excavation method |
| CN112432566A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-03-02 | 中铁四局集团第五工程有限公司 | Full-section rapid excavation method for large-section tunnel |
| CN112729029A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 伽师县铜辉矿业有限责任公司 | Smooth blasting method for soft rock roadway |
| CN113340165B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2024-05-24 | 嵩县金牛有限责任公司 | Tunnel blasting structure and blasting method |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009228977A (en) * | 2008-03-24 | 2009-10-08 | Toda Constr Co Ltd | Blasting construction method |
| CN102183184B (en) * | 2011-03-12 | 2013-08-21 | 浙江大学 | Blast method for realizing vibration attenuation and protection of early-age concrete lining during tunnel construction |
| CN102914226B (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2015-04-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Hollow-hole rhombic parallel cut blasting damping method |
| CN102937398B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-12-03 | 武汉大学 | Rockburst active control method based on blasting excavation disturbance control |
| CN103063094A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-04-24 | 山东科技大学 | Channeling method in rapid roadway explosion |
| CN103696770B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2016-01-06 | 武汉工程大学 | Underground mining upward incise kerve method |
| CN104180729B (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2015-12-09 | 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司凡口铅锌矿 | The layout in driving chassis driving face big gun hole and detonator row phase method |
| CN104390538B (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-08-24 | 武汉大学 | A kind of stress relieving blasting method based on face grooving |
| CN104457465B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-06-08 | 武汉大学 | A kind of deep-lying tunnel Blasting Excavation effect control method |
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Effective date of registration: 20170421 Address after: 300461 Tianjin Binhai New Area Yuejin Road shipping service center, building 8 Co-patentee after: NO.4 ENGINEERING COMPANY LTD. OF CCCC FIRST HARBOR ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: CCCC First Harbor Engineering Co.,Ltd. Address before: 300456 Tianjin City, Xingang Binhai New Area Tanggu District No. two Road No. 173, the CCCC Fourth Highway Engineering Co. Ltd. Patentee before: Yang Longlong |
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Granted publication date: 20170510 |