CN105147802B - 治疗猪支原体、猪胸膜肺炎的组合物及制备方法 - Google Patents
治疗猪支原体、猪胸膜肺炎的组合物及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105147802B CN105147802B CN201510694562.5A CN201510694562A CN105147802B CN 105147802 B CN105147802 B CN 105147802B CN 201510694562 A CN201510694562 A CN 201510694562A CN 105147802 B CN105147802 B CN 105147802B
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Abstract
本发明涉及兽医用药领域,特别涉及治疗猪支原体、猪胸膜肺炎的组合物及该组合物的制备方法。该组合物包括以下重量份数的原料:苍术15~20份,防风15~20份,甘草10~13份;杏仁10~15份,黄芪30~35份,海紫苑15~20份,炙冬花10~15份,炙麻黄10~15份,蝉衣10~15份,连翘10~15份,双花20~30份。本发明的药物具有清热泻火,消炎、抗菌等功效,各中药以合理的配比取长补短,互相协同,对于猪支原体肺炎和胸膜炎具有良好的治疗效果,且疗程短,见效快,治愈率高;同时该组合物制备方法简单,安全可靠,无污染,无残留,易于推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及兽医用药领域,特别涉及治疗猪支原体、猪胸膜肺炎的组合物及该组合物的制备方法。
背景技术
猪支原体肺炎(Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine)是由猪肺炎支原体引起的一种慢性、接触性、呼吸道传染病,又称猪地方流行性肺炎,俗称猪气喘病,主要临诊症状是咳嗽和气喘。该病的感染率和发病率都很高,而且流行快,除引起猪死亡外,还可导致病猪长时间带菌和相互传染。支原体可通过空气媒介传播,其传播途径很难被隔离阻断,所以支原体肺炎是公认的最难净化的猪疾病之一,给全球的养猪业带来巨大危害。
猪胸膜炎是由胸膜炎放线杆菌引起的猪上呼吸道感染,主要引起猪传染性胸膜肺炎,表现为急慢性炎症,急性死亡率较高,常伴随猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染,是一种高度传染性疾病。中国专利CN104208328A专利申请提供了一种防治猪传染性胸膜炎的中药组合物,但发明人应用到实际中发现,药制剂效果不理想,存在治疗慢,治愈率低等问题,而且停药后往往会复发,因此如何有效治疗猪胸膜炎一直是困扰本领域技术人员的一大难题。
目前,上述两种疾病主要是通过疫苗和抗生素来治疗,疫苗需要胸腔接种,不易于推广普及,抗生素或化学合成药物一旦长期使用,病原菌不断产生耐药性,从而使该病越来越难以控制和治疗,而且药物残留问题一直不容忽视。中药复方由多种药物组成,有效成分较多,部分药物可以调理消化系统的功能,提高发病猪的采食量,增强机体的防御能力。中草药的配伍、提取方法对其疗效有一定的影响,因此,在临床使用过程中应注意中草药的配伍禁忌、协同作用,科学选用中草药,同时应科学选用提取药物有效成分的方法,如不能对中草药的配伍进行深入研究,有可能会产生反作用。
目前为止,利用中药防治猪气喘病的研究还不够深入,而且能够同时对猪胸膜炎起到一定治疗作用的药物组合物还未出现相关报道。
发明内容
本发明为解决现有技术中的不足,提供了一种治疗猪支原体、猪胸膜肺炎的组合物及该组合物的制备方法,选择紫菀、炙冬花、炙麻黄和蝉衣进行组合,配以苍术、防风、甘草、杏仁、黄芪、连翘、双花等药得到复方中药,本发明药物具有清热泻火,消炎、抗菌等功能,而且该组合物制备方法简单,安全可靠,无污染,无残留,易于推广。
为达到上述目的,本发明是这样实现的:
治疗猪支原体肺炎、猪胸膜肺炎的组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料:苍术15~20份,防风15~20份,甘草10~13份;杏仁10~15份,黄芪30~35份,紫菀15~20份,炙冬花10~15份,炙麻黄10~15份,蝉衣10~15份,连翘10~15份,双花20~30份。
作为本发明一个优选的实施例,该组合物包括以下重量份数的原料:苍术16份,防风18份,甘草12份;杏仁13份,黄芪33份,紫菀16份,炙冬花12份,炙麻黄13份,蝉衣13份,连翘12份,双花28份。
本发明另一个目的是请求保护上述组合物的制备方法,该组合物采用以下方法制得:
(1)称取苍术15~20份,防风15~20份,甘草10~13份;杏仁10~15份,黄芪30~35份,紫菀15~20份,炙冬花10~15份,炙麻黄10~15份,蝉衣10~15份,连翘10~15份,双花20~30份;分别粉碎至80~120目;
(2)向粉碎后的紫菀、炙冬花、炙麻黄、蝉衣、黄芪和双花中分别加入各中药总质量10~15倍的水于90~100℃煮制2~4小时,然后再用各中药总质量5~7倍的乙醇回流提取1~3次,乙醇浓度为60~80vt%,提取温度为50~65℃,每次提取将提取液用滤纸过滤,待用;
(3)向粉碎后的苍术、防风、甘草、杏仁和连翘中分别加入各中药总质量8~10倍的水于90~100℃煮制1~3小时,然后再用各中药总质量10~12倍的乙醇回流提取1~3次,乙醇浓度为60~80vt%,提取温度为50~65℃,将提取液用滤纸过滤,待用;
(4)将步骤(2)和(3)中过滤后的提取液均匀混合,于40~50℃边搅动边煎煮至稠膏,减压干燥得干膏,将干膏粉碎成细粉,倒入模具中制粒。
进一步的,所述的步骤(4)中的稠膏具体指:煎煮至混合提取液的含水量为10~15wt%。
本发明制备的中药组合物中,以紫菀、炙冬花、炙麻黄和蝉衣进行组合,加以苍术、防风、甘草、杏仁、黄芪、连翘、双花进行配伍,将这些药物组合使各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗猪支原体肺炎和猪胸膜肺炎。紫菀、炙冬花、炙麻黄具有解毒平喘的作用,配之蝉衣可以治疗猪的上呼吸道感染传染性疾病。
紫菀(拉丁文学名AstertataricusL.F.)主要成分含紫苑皂甙、紫苑酮、槲皮素等,紫苑温而不热,润而不燥,为止咳化痰要药,主治咳嗽,不论内伤、外感、寒热咳皆宜。紫苑皂甙、槲皮素能显著增加呼吸道分泌,使痰液稀释,容易咯出。故有祛痰、镇咳作用,并能兴奋心肌,且有利尿作用。
炙冬花(拉丁文学名Tussilago farfaraL.)花含款冬二醇(Faradiol)等甾醇类、芸香甙(Butin)、金丝桃甙(Hyperin)、三萜皂甙、鞣质、蜡、挥发油和蒲公英黄质(Taraxanthin)。叶含苦味甙2.63%、没食子酸(Gallic acid)、弹性橡胶样物质、糊精、粘液、菊糖(Inulin)、植物甾醇、硬脂酸及棕榈酸甘油酯、酒石酸(Tartaric acid)、苹果酸(Malic acid)、转化糖、胆碱(Choline)、碳氢化合物(C26H56,C28H58)和皂甙。鲜根茎含挥发油、石蜡、菊糖、鞣质。根含橡胶0.015%,鲍尔烯醇(Bauerenol)等。
炙麻黄(拉丁文学名Ephedra sinica Stapf)为麻黄科植物,草麻黄、木贼麻黄或中麻黄的草质茎。主治伤寒表实,发热恶寒无汗、头痛鼻塞、骨节疼痛;咳嗽气喘;风水浮肿,小便不利;风邪顽痹,皮肤不仁,风疹瘙痒。本品辛温升散之性较强,能开泄腠理、透发毛窍,以外散侵袭肌表的风寒邪气。为主治肺气壅遏所致喘咳的要药,并常以杏仁等止咳平喘药为辅助。
蝉衣(拉丁文学名Cicada Slough)散风除热,利咽,透疹,退翳,解痉。用于风热感冒,咽痛,音哑,麻疹不透,风疹瘙痒,目赤翳障,惊风抽搐,破伤风。
连翘(拉丁文学名Forsythia suspensa)主治:清热,解毒,散结,消肿。治温热,丹毒,斑疹,痈疡肿毒,瘰疬,小便淋闭。
双花(拉丁文学名LoniceraJaponica)甘,微苦,清香,辛,寒。含绿原酸(chlorogenic acid),异绿原酸(isochlorogenic acid),白果醇(ginnol),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),豆甾醇(stigmasterol),β-谷甾醇-D-葡萄糖甙(β-sitosteryl-D-gluco-side),豆甾醇-D-葡萄糖甙(stigmasteryl-D-glucoside)等成分。
苍术(拉丁文学名RhizomaAtractylodis)燥湿健脾,祛风散寒。用于脘腹胀满,泄泻水肿,风湿痹痛,风寒感冒。主湿困脾胃;倦怠嗜卧;胞痞腹胀;食欲不振;哎吐泄泻;痰饮;湿肿;表证夹湿;头身重痛;痹证温性;肢节酸痛重着;
防风(拉丁文学名DivaricateSaposhnikoviaR oot.)外感表证,风疹瘙痒,风湿痹痛,破伤风。防风含挥发油、甘露醇、苦味甙等。根含3ˊ-O-当归酰亥茅酚、5-O-甲基齿阿密醇、β-谷甾醇、甘露醇以及木蜡酸为主的长链脂肪。尚含挥发油、前胡素和色原酮甙。
甘草(拉丁文学名Glycyrrhizauralensis):甘,平。归心、脾、肺、胃经。具有补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药的功效。主治:脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
杏仁(拉丁文学名ArmeniacavulgarisLam.)含苦味氰甙,有抗炎和镇痛活性的2种蛋白质成分:KR-A和KR-B,其含量分别为4.44%和0.41%。又含与杏仁香味有关的挥发性成分:本甲醛(benzaldehyde),芳樟醇(linalool),4-松油烯醇(4-terpinenol),α-松油醇(α-terpineol)。杏仁苦温宣肺,润肠通便、仅适宜于风邪、肠燥等实证之患。凡阴亏、郁火者,则不宜单味药长期内服。如肺结核、支气管炎、慢性肠炎、干咳无痰等症禁忌单味药久服。
黄芪(拉丁文学名Leguminosae):甘,气微温,气薄而味浓,可升可降,阳中之阳也,无毒,专补气。入手太阴、足太阴、手少阴之经。具有补气固表,利尿托毒,排脓,敛疮生肌的功效。用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛,血虚萎黄,内热消渴。
与现有技术相比,本发明的药物具有清热泻火,消炎、抗菌等功效,各中药以合理的配比取长补短,互相协同,对于猪支原体肺炎和胸膜炎具有良好的治疗效果,且疗程短,见效快,治愈率高;同时该组合物制备方法简单,安全可靠,无污染,无残留,易于推广。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述,但不限制本发明的保护范围,如无特殊说明,本发明所涉及的原料药及试剂均市售可得,本发明所涉及的方法均为本领域普通技术人员公知的常规方法。
实施例1
(1)称取苍术15g,防风18g,甘草10g,杏仁15g,黄芪30g,紫菀15g,炙冬花15g,炙麻黄10g,蝉衣10g,连翘13g,双花25g,分别粉碎至80~120目;
(2)向粉碎后的紫菀、炙冬花、炙麻黄、蝉衣、黄芪和双花中分别加入各中药总质量15倍的水于90~100℃煮制2小时,然后再用各中药总质量5倍的乙醇回流提取2次,乙醇浓度为80vt%,提取温度为65℃,每次提取将提取液用滤纸过滤,待用;
(3)向粉碎后的苍术、防风、甘草、杏仁和连翘中分别加入各中药总质量8~10倍的水于90~100℃煮制2小时,然后再用各中药总质量10倍的乙醇回流提取2次,乙醇浓度为75vt%,提取温度为60℃,将提取液用滤纸过滤,待用;
(4)将步骤(2)和(3)中过滤后的提取液均匀混合,于40~50℃边搅动边煎煮至稠膏,减压干燥得干膏,将干膏粉碎成细粉,倒入模具中制粒。
实施例2
(1)称取苍术15g,防风20g,甘草10g;杏仁10g,黄芪30g,紫菀15g,炙冬花10g,炙麻黄15g,蝉衣10g,连翘10g,双花20g,分别粉碎至80~120目;
(2)向粉碎后的紫菀、炙冬花、炙麻黄、蝉衣、黄芪和双花中分别加入各中药总质量15倍的水于90~100℃煮制3小时,然后再用各中药总质量5倍的乙醇回流提取2次,乙醇浓度为80vt%,提取温度为60℃,每次提取将提取液用滤纸过滤,待用;
(3)向粉碎后的苍术、防风、甘草、杏仁和连翘中分别加入各中药总质量10倍的水于90~100℃煮制2小时,然后再用各中药总质量10倍的乙醇回流提取2次,乙醇浓度为70vt%,提取温度为55℃,将提取液用滤纸过滤,待用;
(4)将步骤(2)和(3)中过滤后的提取液均匀混合,于40~50℃边搅动边煎煮至稠膏,减压干燥得干膏,将干膏粉碎成细粉,倒入模具中制粒。
实施例3
(1)称取苍术16份,防风18份,甘草12份;杏仁13份,黄芪33份,紫菀16份,炙冬花12份,炙麻黄13份,蝉衣13份,连翘12份,双花28份。分别粉碎至80~120目;
(2)向粉碎后的紫菀、炙冬花、炙麻黄、蝉衣、黄芪和双花中分别加入各中药总质量15倍的水于90~100℃煮制2小时,然后再用各中药总质量5倍的乙醇回流提取2次,乙醇浓度为80vt%,提取温度为65℃,每次提取将提取液用滤纸过滤,待用;
(3)向粉碎后的苍术、防风、甘草、杏仁和连翘中分别加入各中药总质量10倍的水于90~100℃煮制2小时,然后再用各中药总质量10倍的乙醇回流提取2次,乙醇浓度为80vt%,提取温度为50℃,将提取液用滤纸过滤,待用;
(4)将步骤(2)和(3)中过滤后的提取液均匀混合,于40~50℃边搅动边煎煮至稠膏,减压干燥得干膏,将干膏粉碎成细粉,倒入模具中制粒。
实施例4
(1)称取苍术20g,防风20g,甘草10g;杏仁10g,黄芪30g,紫菀15g,炙冬花10g,炙麻黄15g,蝉衣10g,连翘15g,双花20g,分别粉碎至80~120目;
(2)向粉碎后的紫菀、炙冬花、炙麻黄、蝉衣、黄芪和双花中分别加入各中药总质量10倍的水于90~100℃煮制2小时,然后再用各中药总质量7倍的乙醇回流提取2次,乙醇浓度为75vt%,提取温度为55℃,每次提取将提取液用滤纸过滤,待用;
(3)向粉碎后的苍术、防风、甘草、杏仁和连翘中分别加入各中药总质量10倍的水于90~100℃煮制2小时,然后再用各中药总质量10倍的乙醇回流提取2次,乙醇浓度为70vt%,提取温度为55℃,将提取液用滤纸过滤,待用;
(4)将步骤(2)和(3)中过滤后的提取液均匀混合,于40~50℃边搅动边煎煮至稠膏,减压干燥得干膏,将干膏粉碎成细粉,倒入模具中制粒。
试验例1
猪支原体肺炎的治疗效果
选取大连某养猪场自然发生疑似猪支原体肺炎的育肥猪。结合临床症状、病理解剖和实验室诊断,确诊为猪支原体肺炎。
选取病猪500头,随机分为5组,每组100头,分圈饲养,第1、2、3组用本发明中药方剂进行治疗,药物对照组用盐酸林可霉素注射液治疗,阳性对照组不给药,病猪由专人管理,保持环境和饲养管理一致,病猪采取自由采食和饮水,试验期间,病猪的日常消毒工作正常进行,但不进行常规的药物保健工作。
表1试验组分组与处理
组别 | 试验猪头数 | 剂量/mg/L水 | 处理方式 |
1组 | 100 | 30 | 感染,混饮给药 |
2组 | 100 | 45 | 感染,混饮给药 |
3组 | 100 | 60 | 感染,混饮给药 |
药物对照组 | 100 | 50 | 感染,给药 |
阳性对照组 | 100 | 0 | 感染,不给药 |
1、给药方法
第1、2、3组用中药方剂煎剂治疗,用量为2ml/kg体重,用灌药器直接经口灌服,1次/d,连用4d。药物对照组用盐酸林可霉素注射液耳后肌肉注射,用量为0.2mL/kg体重,首次加倍,2次/d,连用3~4d。阳性对照组不进行任何药物处理。
2、观察指标
观察治疗期间育肥猪的呼吸状况、喘气、咳嗽等临床情况,同时观察发病猪的治愈数,在停药7d后观察育肥猪的病情有无复发或者出现死亡。
3、治疗效果判定标准
1)治愈给药后发病猪气喘、咳嗽、腹式呼吸等临床症状完全消失,精神、食欲等恢复正常,停药后7d内未发现复发。
治愈率=(临床症状消失的猪只数/试验组猪只数)×100%
2)显效给药后发病猪气喘、咳嗽、腹式呼吸等临床症状减轻或暂时消失,但停药后7d内又发现复发。
显效率=(显效猪只数/试验组猪只数)×100%
3)无效给药后发病猪临床症状无变化,甚至有所加重或者出现死亡。
表2治疗结果分析
由此可见,本发明的药物对于治疗猪支原体肺炎可以达到72%~85%的有效率,而且完全治愈的可以达到41%,其治疗效果明显好于采用盐酸林可霉素药物注射。
试验例2
猪胸膜炎的治疗效果
选取病猪500头,随机分为5组,每组100头,分圈饲养,第1、2、3组用本发明中药方剂进行治疗,药物对照组用盐酸林可霉素注射液治疗,阳性对照组不给药,病猪由专人管理,保持环境和饲养管理一致,病猪采取自由采食和饮水,试验期间,病猪的日常消毒工作正常进行,但不进行常规的药物保健工作。具体试验分组与处理如表1所示。
1、给药方法
第1、2、3组用中药方剂煎剂治疗,用量为2ml/kg体重,用灌药器直接经口灌服,1次/d,连用4d。药物对照组用盐酸林可霉素注射液耳后肌肉注射,用量为0.2mL/kg体重,首次加倍,2次/d,连用3~4d。阳性对照组不进行任何药物处理。
2、观察指标
观察治疗期间育肥猪的体温升高,沉郁、厌食、喘气、咳嗽并能出现短期腹泻或呕吐等临床情况,同时观察发病猪的治愈数,在停药7d后观察育肥猪的病情有无复发或者出现死亡。
3、采样及检测
从1、2、3组分别随机抽取10头实验猪,分别于第14天通过前腔静脉采血并分离血清,按照ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的说明进行检测,在650nm测量和记录样品及对照的吸光度,检测结果判定标准为OD<0.3为阴性,OD>0.3为阳性,数据结果如表3所示。
表3样品血清测定结果
注:“+”为阳性,“-”为阴性。
4、治疗效果判定标准
1)治愈给药后发病猪高温、气喘、咳嗽等临床症状完全消失,精神、食欲等恢复正常,停药后7d内未发现复发。
治愈率=(临床症状消失的猪只数/试验组猪只数)×100%
2)显效给药后发病猪高温、气喘、咳嗽等临床症状减轻或暂时消失,但停药后7d内又发现复发。
显效率=(显效猪只数/试验组猪只数)×100%
4)无效给药后发病猪临床症状无变化,甚至有所加重或者出现死亡。
表4治疗结果分析
由此可见,本发明的药物对于治疗猪胸膜炎最高可以达到74%的有效率,其治疗效果明显好于采用盐酸林可霉素药物注射。以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗猪支原体、猪胸膜肺炎的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,采用以下方法制得:
(1)称取苍术15~20份,防风15~20份,甘草10~13份;杏仁10~15份,黄芪30~35份,紫菀15~20份,炙冬花10~15份,炙麻黄10~15份,蝉衣10~15份,连翘10~15份,双花20~30份;分别粉碎至80~120目;
(2)向粉碎后的紫菀、炙冬花、炙麻黄、蝉衣、黄芪和双花中分别加入各中药总质量10~15倍的水于90~100℃煮制2~4小时,然后再用各中药总质量5~7倍的乙醇回流提取1~3次,乙醇浓度为60~80vt%,提取温度为50~65℃,每次提取将提取液用滤纸过滤,待用;
(3)向粉碎后的苍术、防风、甘草、杏仁和连翘中分别加入各中药总质量8~10倍的水于90~100℃煮制1~3小时,然后再用各中药总质量10~12倍的乙醇回流提取1~3次,乙醇浓度为60~80vt%,提取温度为50~65℃,将提取液用滤纸过滤,待用;
(4)将步骤(2)和(3)中过滤后的提取液均匀混合,于40~50℃边搅动边煎煮至稠膏,减压干燥得干膏,将干膏粉碎成细粉,倒入模具中制粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗猪支原体、猪胸膜肺炎的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(4)中的稠膏具体指:煎煮至混合提取液的含水量为10~15wt%。
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