CN105147673A - 叶绿素铜钠在制备治疗肝病药物中的新用途 - Google Patents
叶绿素铜钠在制备治疗肝病药物中的新用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了叶绿素铜钠在制备治疗肝病药物中的应用,急性肝衰竭是多种因素引起的严重肝脏损害,导致肝细胞急性坏死和凋亡,出现了以凝血机制障碍和黄疸、肝性脑病、腹水等为主要表现的一组临床症候群,而炎症反应特别是肝脏中促炎因子对病情的发生,恶化,以及愈后起着关键作用。因此通过减缓炎症反应可以作为辅助治疗急性肝衰竭的手段之一。本发明中叶绿素铜钠可抑制肝脏组织中白细胞介素-1、白细胞介素-6和肝脏组织中肿瘤坏死因子α,本发明通过实验证实叶绿素铜钠可应用于制备治疗肝病药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,尤其是叶绿素铜钠在制备治疗肝病药物中的新用途。
背景技术
急性肝衰竭的机制在细胞层面上可以分为两类。其一,各种病原物和有毒物质对肝脏实质细胞(parenchymalcells,hepatocytes)的直接损伤,或者激活了细胞凋亡信号通路从而导致肝脏细胞的死亡。其二,免疫系统的过度反应,通过炎症细胞以及炎症因子的间接作用导致的肝脏细胞的损伤。这两种类型的机制可以认为分别是细胞内和细胞间水平。但是归根结底,导致急性肝衰竭的根本原因在于细胞死亡,包括细胞凋亡(apoptosis)、细胞自噬(autophagy)和坏死性凋亡(necrosis)。三者在现象上有一定区别:细胞凋亡会发生染色质紧缩、细胞核破裂、细胞收缩、质膜出现小孔,形成凋亡小体;自噬则是胞质中形成大量由双层膜包裹的空泡,即自噬泡,随后与溶酶体融合降解待分解物质为氨基酸、脂肪酸等为细胞所重新利用;坏死是非程序性细胞死亡,主要表现为细胞核的浓缩、破裂与溶解,胞质、细胞器膨大,最终导致质膜破裂。
在肝脏衰竭发病过程中,先天免疫和获得性免疫均在不同程度上参与其中,先天免疫早于获得性免疫发挥作用,并使得后者获得长久的免疫记忆。生物体内多种先天免疫细胞是机体抵抗病原物入侵的第一道防线。肝脏作为新陈代谢的中心,其中具有大量先天免疫细胞,如Kupffer细胞、NK/NKT细胞和树突状细胞(dendriticcell,DC),它们应对病原物可以做出免疫应答反应。
与主要在乙型肝炎相关的慢加急性肝衰竭中发挥作用的获得性免疫相比,先天免疫更多参与到急性肝衰竭,特别是参与到细胞凋亡、坏死引起的急性肝衰竭中。在肝脏受损早期多种免疫细胞的活化以及细胞因子的分泌能够激活免疫应答,杀伤肝细胞,而大量免疫细胞通过一系列精巧途径维持促炎症和抗炎症之间的平衡,一旦平衡被打破,引起免疫应答失调并超出肝脏修复范围,最终就会导致严重的肝损伤乃至肝衰竭。Kupffer细胞是驻留在肝脏的巨噬细胞,正常情况下多分化为M2型,处于免疫抑制状态,以维持肝脏内的免疫耐受。当肝脏受到病原物刺激发生急性肝损伤的早期,Kupffer细胞迅速分化为M1型,产生大量促炎因子,如TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6和IFN-γ,促进Th1免疫应答。而当急性肝损伤发展到中后期,则更多转化为M2型,释放免疫调节物质,如IL-4、IL-10和IL-13,抑制炎症,促进组织修复[62-65]。研究人员在刀豆蛋白A(concanacalinA,conA)诱导小鼠急性肝衰竭模型中发现Kupffer细胞相关的炎症因子上调,Kupffer细胞本身也发生凋亡以及功能障碍。我们之前的研究发现,IL-1能够通过自分泌信号直接激活血窦中的HSCs大量分泌MMPs,特别是MMP-9/13,从而导致肝脏细胞外基质(extracellularmatrices,ECM)结构崩塌以及肝脏实质细胞大量死亡,并由急性损伤发展为纤维化。临床数据显示,急性肝衰竭患者中M1型Kupffer细胞高表达sCD163与患者死亡率成正相关。在对24名接受了肝移植的暴发性肝衰竭患者检测后发现Kupffer细胞高表达FasL,通过Fas信号通路参与了肝脏细胞凋亡。NK细胞主要通过TRAIL介导的细胞毒性作用参与到肝损伤中。有报道称NK细胞在多种类型的肝损伤模型中发挥关键作用。在小鼠暴发性肝衰竭模型中,NK细胞通过Fas介导导致肝损伤,而在急转慢性肝衰竭模型中,小鼠在MHV-3感染后大量NK细胞募集至肝脏,肝脏内IFN-γ、TNF–α显著上升,NK细胞毒性明显增强。NKT细胞在conA诱导的急性肝衰竭中通过分泌IFN-γ、IL-4和参与Fas介导的肝细胞凋亡调控了肝脏损伤的进程。而Vγ4γδT细胞通过依赖于IL-17负调控NKT细胞,反向证明了NKT细胞参与到急性肝衰竭的发展中。
叶绿素铜钠(Sodiumcopperchlorophyllin)又称铜叶绿素钠,通过有机溶剂(如丙酮)提取蚕粪或植物叶子,经皂化(用氢氧化钠的甲醇溶液除去甲基和叶绿基酯基)后用氧化铜铜化而成。其化学命名为Sodiumcopperchlorophyllin,分子式为C34H29CuN4Na3O6,分子量:722.13。CAS号:65963-40-8。叶绿素铜钠为墨绿色粉末。易溶于水,略溶于醇和氯仿,微溶于乙醚,偏酸性(pH6.5以下),如有钙离子存在时则有沉淀析出。
叶绿素铜钠盐、铁钠盐、钴钠盐是良好的造血细胞复合剂,对放疗后及各种原因引起的血细胞减少症和各种贫血有治疗作用。有研究报道叶绿素铜钠可以通过阻断THP-1细胞中NF-kB信号通路抑制由疮疱丙酸杆菌引起的IL-8和MCP-1分泌。在对大鼠肝细胞线粒体和pBR322质粒的体外实验中证实叶绿素铜钠能够通过抗γ射线引起的氧化作用和DNA损害保护线粒体,还被证实能够抑制HaCaT细胞中由UVB刺激引起的ROS积累。叶绿素铜钠也被证实能够通过端粒酶活性和COX-2表达抑制HT29细胞生长,使其阻碍于G1期。
据认为,叶绿素铜钠有其多重双键,可能会中和自由电子,拮抗致癌物质的作用。例如,有报道说叶绿素铜钠可抑制黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)对-DNA的结合,因此可能有抗癌变的作用。但是,还没有严格的科学证据来证明叶绿素铜钠的抗癌功能。叶绿素铜钠被用于宠物饲料的添加剂,以及食品色素。至今,尚无关于以叶绿素铜钠为活性成分,或含有叶绿素铜钠的药物治疗肝病的研究报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点,提供叶绿素铜钠在医药方面的新用途。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现:
叶绿素铜钠在制备治疗肝病药物中的应用。
进一步地,所述肝病为肝脏炎症。
进一步地,所述肝病为肝脏损伤。
进一步地,所述肝病为肝脏衰竭。
进一步地,所述肝病为肝脏功能异常。
进一步地,所述肝病由病毒性肝炎引起。
进一步地,所述肝病由药物、毒物或酒精引起。
本发明具有以下优点:急性肝衰竭是多种因素引起的严重肝脏损害,导致肝细胞急性坏死和凋亡,出现了以凝血机制障碍和黄疸、肝性脑病、腹水等为主要表现的一组临床症候群,而炎症反应特别是肝脏中促炎因子对病情的发生,恶化,以及愈后起着关键作用。因此通过减缓炎症反应可以作为辅助治疗急性肝衰竭的手段之一。本发明中叶绿素铜钠可抑制肝脏组织中白细胞介素-1、白细胞介素-6和肝脏组织中肿瘤坏死因子α,本发明通过实验证实叶绿素铜钠可应用于制备治疗肝病药物。
附图说明
图1为正常对照小鼠与叶绿素铜钠喂服小鼠肝脏白介素-1基因相对表达量图,长期服用叶绿素铜钠未造成肝脏损伤;
图2为服用叶绿素铜钠可以减缓急性肝衰竭,LPS与D-Gal联合注射小鼠造成肝脏衰竭以及炎症反应,服用叶绿素铜钠可以减缓炎症反应,叶绿素铜钠喂服治疗小鼠,肝脏白介素-1基因相对表达量图;
图3为长期服用叶绿素铜钠未造成肝脏损伤,正常对照小鼠与叶绿素铜钠喂服小鼠,肝脏白介素-6基因相对表达量图;
图4为服用叶绿素铜钠可以减缓急性肝衰竭,LPS与D-Gal联合注射小鼠与叶绿素铜钠喂服治疗小鼠,肝脏白介素-6基因相对表达量图;
图5为正常对照小鼠与叶绿素铜钠喂服小鼠,肝脏肿瘤坏死因子-α基因相对表达量图;
图6为LPS与D-Gal联合注射小鼠与叶绿素铜钠喂服小鼠,肝脏肿瘤坏死因子-α基因相对表达量图;
图7为四氯化碳引起小鼠的肝硬化,应用叶绿素铜钠治疗后,肝脏石蜡切片CD3免疫组织化学染色,其中,A为对照组;B为四氯化碳造模组;C为叶绿素铜钠治疗组。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步的描述,本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
实施例1:
1.材料与方法
1.1材料
雄性C57BL/6及BALB/C小鼠由北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司提供;叶绿素铜钠粉末由成都通德药业有限公司提供,分子式为C34H29CuN4Na3O6,分子量:722.13,CAS号:65963-40-8;细菌脂多糖(LPS)、D-氨基半乳糖(D-Gal)、四氯化碳(CCl4)与矿物油均由sigma公司提供;蛋氨酸胆碱缺乏(MCD)饲料由南通特洛菲饲料科技有限公司提供。
1.2试剂配制
叶绿素铜钠药剂:在超净工作台内将50ml灭菌超纯水、100mg叶绿素铜钠粉末依次加入50ml灭菌离心管,涡旋混匀并置于4C保存。
1.3实验动物急性肝衰竭模型的建立
3-4周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠经1个月正常饲料喂养后给予1μgLPS+8mgD-Gal混合溶液腹腔注射,对照组同时给予相同剂量灭菌超纯水腹腔注射。于注射6、12小时后处死若干小鼠并取肝脏组织进行切片观察及RNA提取。
1.4实验动物的治疗研究
在超净工作台中于实验小鼠饮用水中定量加入叶绿素铜钠母液使其终浓度分别达到25μg/ml和50μg/ml,对照组加入相同剂量灭菌超纯水。每3天重新配制饮用水。
1.5结果
叶绿素铜钠在一定程度上抑制炎症因子表达。
图1-图6所示为RT-qPCR结果。与对照组相比,经叶绿素铜钠喂服1个月小鼠肝脏中炎症因子白介素-1、白介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α未有显著变化,说明叶绿素铜钠本身不会导致小鼠肝脏炎症发生(图1,图3,图5)。小鼠接受LPS和D-Gal联合注射后,引发肝脏功能衰竭,部分小鼠在20小时出现死亡。其肝脏内多种炎症因子的表达显著升高(图2,图4,图6),而经过30天叶绿素铜钠喂服预防的小鼠其白介素-1、白介素-6在注射后6小时和12小时都有显著下降(图2,图4),其中,图2的倍数以正常对照组为1,肿瘤坏死因子-α在第6小时有显著下降,说明叶绿素铜钠能够在一定程度上缓解肝脏由于急性肝损伤导致的炎症因子的表达。此外,治疗组中白介素-1、白介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α在第12小时表达量显著低于第6小时(图2,图4,图6),其中,图6的倍数以正常对照组为1,我们推测叶绿素铜钠并非直接抑制LPS引起的肝脏细胞损伤和炎症因子释放,而是通过某种间接途径实现的降低验证的作用。
以上说明叶绿素铜钠在由LPS诱导的急性肝衰竭模型中能够起到一定间接保护肝脏作用,发挥作用的时间可能是在肝衰竭后期。
实施例2:口服叶绿素铜钠可以有效地预防肝脏纤维化发生中炎症的发展
2.1材料
雄性BALB/C小鼠由北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司提供;叶绿素铜钠粉末由成都通德药业有限公司提供,分子式为C34H29CuN4Na3O6,分子量:722.13,CAS号:65963-40-8;四氯化碳(CCl4)与矿物油均由sigma公司提供;
2.2试剂配制
叶绿素铜钠药剂(母液):在超净工作台内将50ml灭菌超纯水、100mg叶绿素铜钠粉末依次加入50ml灭菌离心管,涡旋混匀并置于4℃保存。
CCl4注射液:在超净工作台内分别将0.75ml、2.25ml、3.75mlCCl4和14.25ml、12.75ml、11.25ml矿物油依次加入15ml灭菌离心管,分别配制为5%、15%、25%CCl4注射液,涡旋混匀并置于4℃保存。
2.3实验动物肝硬化模型的建立
3-4周龄雄性BALB/C小鼠经2周正常饲料喂养后给予CCl4腹腔注射。分别进行4周、2周和8周的5%、15%、25%CCl4腹腔注射,每次注射剂量参照10μl/g体重,对照组同时给予对应剂量矿物油注射。于25%CCl4注射4周后开始取小鼠新鲜粪便提取细菌DNA进行定量PCR分析。
2.4实验动物的治疗研究
在超净工作台中于实验小鼠饮用水中定量加入叶绿素铜钠母液使其终浓度分别达到50g/ml,对照组加入相同剂量灭菌超纯水。每3天重新配制饮用水。
2.5结果
图7所示为三组小鼠的肝脏CD3免疫组化染色。CD3为T细胞的共受体,与TCR一起构成T细胞受体复合物,在T细胞的活化和信号转导中起到重要作用,所以其可作为T细胞的一个标记。图中可以看到,对照组小鼠的肝脏中CD3阳性的细胞数量较少,表明在这种条件下的小鼠肝脏中的T细胞数量较少,肝脏炎症水平较低。与对照组相比,四氯化碳造模组中CD3阳性的细胞显著增加,并且大部分分布在血管周围。这表明T细胞正通过血管募集、侵润到四氯化碳造模组的小鼠肝脏中,使其处于一种炎症的状态。而与四氯化碳造模组相比,叶绿素铜钠治疗组的小鼠肝脏中,CD3阳性的细胞数量显著减少,与对照组水平相似,这说明了叶绿素铜钠的治疗可以显著缓解四氯化碳引起的肝脏炎症。
以上说明叶绿素铜钠可以减少纤维化肝脏中的炎症细胞数量,有效的抑制纤维化肝脏中炎症的发展。
Claims (7)
1.叶绿素铜钠在制备治疗肝病药物中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肝病为肝脏炎症。
3.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肝病为肝脏损伤。
4.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肝病为肝脏衰竭。
5.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肝病为肝脏功能异常。
6.如权利要求2或3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肝病由病毒性肝炎引起。
7.如权利要求3或4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肝病由药物、毒物或酒精引起。
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