CN105145630B - 含腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物 - Google Patents
含腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于农用产品领域，涉及含有腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物及其在生长调节及防病方面的应用。组合物中腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的重量比为1:10‑10:1，将组合物对植物采用喷雾、拌种、根部冲施中至少一种施药方式处理，每隔10‑20d再次施用与首次施用浓度相同或不同的组合物0‑3次，组合物的应用剂量为5‑100ppm，可提高作物促生长及防病效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农用产品领域，尤其涉及含有腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物及其在生长调节及防病方面的应用。
背景技术
国内盐碱土的分布范围广、面积大。由于矿产资源的破坏、农用物资的过渡使用、污水灌溉等，给土壤结构和质量遭到严重破坏和重金属污染，粮食、水果、蔬菜等作物产量降低、品质下降。随着人们对农产品质量及生态环境的关注，土壤改良剂及无毒、无残留农用产品的研究成为研发工作者的热点之一。
腐殖酸是一类天然有机弱酸，由黄腐酸、黑腐酸和棕腐酸三部分组成，主要元素有碳、氢、氧，还有少量的氮和硫，另外还还有多种官能团。根施和喷施可促进植物生长、提高农作物产量；根施还具有改善土壤结构、改善和优化植物对营养和水份的吸收等作用。壳寡糖或壳聚糖，可改善土壤团粒结构、疏松土壤、增加土壤的通透性、增强保水保肥能力、调整酸碱度，广泛适用于多类植物如粮棉、果树、蔬菜、花卉等的防病、促进长势和增产等。
含腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物来源于自然，无毒无残留，具有对植物增产、防病的效果，该组合物的应用对发展可持续农业具有重要意义。
发明内容
为作物增产增收及提高药剂的防病效果，本发明提供了含腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物及应用。
含腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物，特征在于组合物中有效成分为腐殖酸与壳寡糖或腐殖酸与壳聚糖，两有效成分在组合物中的重量比为1:10-10:1。优选的，两有效成分的重量比为1:8-8:1。
本发明的上述组合物的应用方法，其特征在于将组合物对植物采用喷雾、拌种、根部冲施中至少一种施药方式处理，每隔一定时间再次施用与首次施用浓度相同或不同的组合物0-3次，组合物的应用剂量为5-100mg/L或5-100mg/Kg。优选的，组合物的应用剂量为10-50mg/L或10-50mg/Kg。
本发明提供了上述组合物的用途，其特征在于腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物用于促进植物生长、防病。优选的，组合物在重金属污染地对植物有防病效果或组合物在盐碱地使用对植物有促生长效果。
上述组合物的用途，所述植物指直接或间接为人类需要而栽培的植物，包括粮棉、草、蔬菜、果树、药用植物等中的水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花、草坪草、马铃薯、番茄、柑桔、香蕉、梨、葡萄、芒果、荔枝、龙眼、苹果、桃、杏、猕猴桃、草莓、樱桃、油菜、西瓜、黄瓜、丝瓜、苦瓜、冬瓜、辣椒、甜椒、茄子、茶叶等。优选的，所述植物为小麦、水稻或棉花。
本发明中，组合物中的其它成分为农药加工领域常用的助剂，包括有助于农药有效成分的分散，如分散剂、乳化剂、溶剂、载体、填料等；有助于发挥药效或延长药效，如稳定剂、控制释放助剂、增效剂等；有助于防治对象接触或吸收农药有效成分，如湿润剂、渗透剂、粘着剂等；增加安全性及使用方便，如包括防漂移剂、安全剂、解毒剂、消泡剂、警戒色等。具体的，助剂有陶土、高岭土、硅藻土、滑石粉、聚氧乙烯基的酯、烷基苯磺酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚甲醛缩合物、硫酸盐、皂角粉、茶子饼粉、含木质素的亚硫酸纸浆废液、聚氧乙烯基烷基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯基烷基醚、烷基萘磺酸盐、乳酪素、苯类、柴油、甲醇、石油醚、矿物油、明胶、聚乙烯醇、1,2—丁二醇、异丙基磷酸酯等成分。
本发明的有益效果：
含有腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物在植物促生长、防病方面有明显的增效作用。
具体实施方式
为了理解本发明，下面以实施例进一步说明本发明，但不限于本发明的实施例。
实施例1含腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物对小麦生长的效果
将田块划分成不同的小区，每小区30m2，不同小区喷不同的组合物或单剂药液2000g，然后深翻整地后，每小区播种650g小麦种子，耙匀。分别在出苗后20d、分蘖期用相应的药剂处理在相应小区常规用量各喷雾1次。观察小麦的生长情况，具体见表1。
表1组合物对小麦生长的效果
表注：表中，“-”表示“一般”，“+”表示“好”、“++”表示“更好”。
从表1可以看出，组合物对小麦的生长调节有明显的促进作用(见表1)，当组合物中活性组分在配比为1:3和3:1时，组合物对小麦的株高、分蘖能力和抗倒伏能力均明显高于单剂处理。显而易见，组合物对小麦的株高、分蘖能力和抗倒伏能力均有明显的促进效果。
实施例2含腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物对重金属污染区水稻病害的效果
根据方案，配制复配剂及单剂制剂，用矿企排污区的重金属污染土进行活性预实验。根据活性测定预试验，将制剂配制成需要的浓度。用药剂对水稻种子拌种(浓度以每千克种子用药剂的有效毫克量计)，选择矿产周围的农田进行播种、育秧。在秧苗移栽前开始调查，每处理按五点取样，每点100株，统计植株烂秧病、立枯病、恶苗病的病株率，植株发生上述1-3种病害均按一株计算。植株生长过程中，其它水肥管理相同。
理论效果中，x为浓度为a时的物质A的效果，y为浓度为b时的物质B的效果,比较理论效果和实际效果，评价组合物的协同作用，以实际防效大于理论防效时为增效作用。组合物对水稻病害的防效见表2。
表2组合物对水稻病害的田间效果
通过组合物在重金属污染区对水稻病害测试发现(见表2)，在组合物中，活性组分在配比为1:2-2:1时，组合物对水稻病害的效果均高于组合物的理论防效。显而易见，含腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物对水稻上述病害是增效的。
实施例3含腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物对盐碱地棉花生长的影响
选择盐碱含量相对较大的田块(土壤pH为7.8-8.0)，整理地块前统一施肥喷水保持一定湿度，后将地块整理均匀，间隔0.4m×0.3m挖穴播种，每穴播已催芽的种子2粒，播种深度一致，并用薄土覆盖，定量喷水促出苗。出苗后7d，每穴留用长势一致的植株1株，每处理用量杯在植株根部直径15cm范围内冲施100mL药剂，每隔15d再冲施相同农药和药量的药剂1次，共3次。播种后45d调查各棉花处理的株高和现蕾数，结果见表3。
表3组合物对棉花株高和现蕾数的影响
从表3表可见，与相应单剂处理及空白相比，用含腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物处理盐碱土壤中的棉花植株后，组合物处理的棉花株高明显较高、现蕾数明显较多。且在相同的用药浓度下，组合物的效果均高于单剂的效果。说明，含腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物具有增效效果，可缓解盐碱危害、有效提高棉株的生长量的效果。
Claims (7)
1.含腐殖酸与壳寡糖的组合物，特征在于组合物中有效成分仅为腐殖酸与壳寡糖，腐殖酸为黄腐酸、黑腐酸、棕腐酸中的一种，两有效成分在组合物中的重量比为1:8-8:1。
2.权利要求1的组合物的应用方法，其特征在于将组合物对植物采用喷雾、拌种、根部冲施中至少一种施药方式处理，每隔一定时间再次施用与首次施用浓度相同或不同的组合物0-3次，组合物的应用剂量为5-100mg/L或5-100mg/Kg。
3.根据权利要求2的应用方法，其特征在于组合物的应用剂量为10-50mg/L或10-50mg/Kg。
4.权利要求1的组合物的用途，其特征在于含腐殖酸与壳寡糖的组合物用于促进植物生长、防病。
5.根据权利要求4的用途，其特征在于组合物在重金属污染地对植物有防病效果或组合物在盐碱地使用对植物有促生长效果。
6.根据权利要求5的用途，其特征在于所述植物指直接或间接为人类需要而栽培的植物，包括水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花、草坪草、马铃薯、番茄、柑桔、香蕉、梨、葡萄、芒果、荔枝、龙眼、苹果、桃、杏、猕猴桃、草莓、樱桃、油菜、西瓜、黄瓜、丝瓜、苦瓜、冬瓜、辣椒、甜椒、茄子、茶叶。
7.根据权利要求6的用途，其特征在于所述植物为小麦、水稻或棉花。
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