CN106172403B - 含有壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的组合物及应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于农业领域，涉及含有壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的组合物，组合物中含壳聚糖及氯化胆碱的质量比为1:6‑10:1，壳聚糖是壳聚糖、壳聚糖盐酸盐、壳聚糖谷氨酸盐中的一种，组合物用于拌土或/和拌种，或/和在植物生长期进行喷雾或/和灌根，组合物对植物有促分蘖、抗倒伏、促花蕾、抗病、增产效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业领域，涉及一种组合物，具体的说，涉及一种含有壳聚糖与植物生长调节剂氯化胆碱的组合物。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的不断提高，绿色农产品越来越受到人们的欢迎。由于传统肥料长期大量施用可能带来产品品质下降、土壤板结等原因，研制一种对环境友好、促生长、提高作物产量等的制剂日益受到科研及管理者的关注。
壳聚糖是甲壳素脱N-乙酰基的产物，一般而言，N-乙酰基脱去55％以上的就可称之为壳聚糖。氯化胆碱用于治疗脂肪肝和肝硬化。也作为禽畜饲料添加剂，能刺激卵巢多产蛋、产仔及禽畜、鱼类等增重，氯化胆碱还是一种植物光合作用促进剂，对增加产量有明显的效果。
本发明测试了含有壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的组合物以叶面使用、土壤处理、灌根对植物的效果，取得了意料不到的效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的组合物及应用。
含有壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的组合物，其特征在于，组合物中含有壳聚糖及氯化胆碱的质量比为1:6-10:1，优选的，质量比为3:1-10:1。
本发明的组合物中，壳聚糖是壳聚糖、壳聚糖盐酸盐、壳聚糖谷氨酸盐中的一种。
本发明还提供了组合物的应用方法，用于拌土或/和拌种，或/和在植物生长期进行喷雾或/和灌根。
本发明上述组合物的应用方法中，所述植物为粮油植物、果树、蔬菜、花卉、牧草中的小麦、棉花、水稻、马铃薯、荷兰豆、油菜、玉米、脐橙、黄瓜、辣椒、西瓜、苹果、葡萄、柑橘、梨、荔枝、花卉等。优选的，所述植物为小麦、棉花、水稻、马铃薯。
本发明的组合物的用途，本发明的组合物对植物有明显的促分蘖、抗倒伏、促花蕾、抗病、增产效果。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解发明实质，下面用实例来详细说明发明的技术内容，但本发明的内容并不局限于此。
实施例1 含壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的组合物对小麦分蘖的效果
将田块划分成不同的小区，每小区30m2，不同小区喷不同的组合物或单剂药液2000g，然后深翻整地后，每小区播种650g小麦种子，耙匀。分别在出苗后20d、分蘖期用相应的药剂处理在相应小区常量喷雾1次。观察小麦的分蘖及抗倒伏情况，具体见表1。
表1组合物对小麦生长的效果
表注：表中，“-”表示“倒伏较多”，“+”表示“有零星倒伏”、“++”表示“无倒伏现象”。
从表1可以看出，在应用浓度相同时，含壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的组合物对小麦的生长调节有明显的促进作用，当组合物中壳聚糖与氯化胆碱在质量配比为1:6、1:4、1:2、3:1、4:1、6:1、8:1、10:1时，组合物对小麦的促分蘖能力均明显高于单剂处理，组合物中壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的质量配比为3:1、4:1、6:1、8:1、10:1时，相应处理小麦的抗倒伏能力较强。
实施例2 含壳聚糖盐酸盐与氯化胆碱的组合物对地棉花生长的影响
在盐碱含量相对较大的田块(土壤pH为7.8-8.0)，整理地块前统一施肥喷水保持一定湿度，后将地块整理均匀，间隔0.4m×0.3m挖穴播种，每穴播已催芽的种子2粒，播种深度一致，并用薄土覆盖，定量喷水促出苗。出苗后7d，每穴留用长势一致的植株1株，每处理用量杯在植株根部直径15cm范围内冲施100mL药剂，每隔15d再冲施相同农药和药量的药剂1次，共3次。播种后45d调查各棉花处理的现蕾数，结果见表2。
表2组合物对棉花现蕾数的影响
从表2表可见，含壳聚糖盐酸盐与氯化胆碱的组合物与相应单剂处理及空白相比，在相同施药浓度时，用含壳聚糖盐酸盐与氯化胆碱的组合物处理棉花植株后，组合物处理的棉花现蕾数明显较多。说明，含壳聚糖盐酸盐与氯化胆碱的组合物具有增效效果，尤其在壳聚糖盐酸盐与氯化胆碱的质量配比为3:1、4:1、6:1、8:1、10:1时，处理的棉花现蕾数更加明显。
实施例3 含壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的组合物对水稻病害的效果
根据方案，配制复配剂及单剂制剂进行活性预实验。根据活性测定预试验，将制剂配制成需要的浓度。用药剂对水稻种子拌种(浓度以每千克种子用药剂的有效毫克量计)，选择矿产周围的农田进行播种、育秧。在秧苗移栽前开始调查，每处理按五点取样，每点100株，统计植株烂秧病、立枯病、恶苗病的病株率，植株发生上述1-3种病害均按一株计算。植株生长过程中，其它水肥管理相同。
理论效果中，x为浓度为a时的物质A的效果，y为浓度为b时的物质B的效果,比较理论效果和实际效果，评价组合物的协同作用，以实际防效大于理论防效时为增效作用。组合物对水稻病害的防效见表3。
表3组合物对水稻病害的田间效果
通过壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的组合物对水稻病害测试发现(见表3)，在组合物中，活性组分在质量比为3:1、4:1、6:1、8:1、10:1时，组合物对水稻病害的效果均高于组合物的理论防效。显而易见，含壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的组合物对水稻病害的效果是增效的。
实施例4 壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的组合物对马铃薯的效果
将组合物及单剂稀释到相应的应用浓度，单剂及清水处理作为对照。筛选130-150g的种薯，每个种薯切成4个大小相当的小块，每块保留2个芽眼。经药剂浸种2h后，用半干河沙覆盖，出芽催芽10d左右，选择出芽状况相当的种薯均匀播种在相同肥力和湿度的试验田。出苗后每20d喷雾1次，共3次，3个月后调查单株块茎的数量、单重。期间，统一肥水管理。结果见表4。
表4组合物马铃薯的效果
不同比例的壳聚糖盐酸盐与氯化胆碱的组合物处理对马铃薯效果见表4。可以看出，壳聚糖盐酸盐与氯化胆碱的质量配比为3:1、4:1、6:1、8:1、10:1时，马铃薯单株均薯量和单重指数均高于单剂处理。
Claims (6)
1.含有壳聚糖与氯化胆碱的组合物，其特征在于，组合物中仅含两种有效成分壳聚糖及氯化胆碱，其质量比为3:1-10:1。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物，其特征在于，壳聚糖是壳聚糖、壳聚糖盐酸盐、壳聚糖谷氨酸盐中的一种。
3.权利要求2的组合物的应用方法，其特征在于，组合物用于拌土或/和拌种，或/和在植物生长期进行喷雾或/和灌根。
4.根据权利要求3的应用方法，其特征在于，所述植物为牧草中的小麦、棉花、水稻、马铃薯、荷兰豆、油菜、玉米、脐橙、黄瓜、辣椒、西瓜、苹果、葡萄、柑橘、梨、荔枝、花卉。
5.根据权利要求4的应用方法，其特征在于，所述植物为小麦、棉花、水稻、马铃薯。
6.权利要求2的组合物的用途，其特征在于，组合物对植物有促分蘖 、抗倒伏、促花蕾、抗病、增产效果。
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| CN1328769A (zh) * | 2001-07-26 | 2002-01-02 | 张世家 | 一种含有水溶性壳聚糖的农用组合物 |
| CN103130567A (zh) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-06-05 | 马新亮 | 一种防水保水纳米肥料及其制作方法 |
| CN103141479B (zh) * | 2013-02-27 | 2016-06-08 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | 一种提高农作物产量和品质的组合物 |
| CN105272571A (zh) * | 2015-10-14 | 2016-01-27 | 武汉瑞泽园生物环保科技有限公司 | 增强作物免疫力的微量元素水溶肥料及其制作方法 |
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