CN107518003A - 一种促进猕猴桃种子萌发及幼苗生长的处理剂 - Google Patents

一种促进猕猴桃种子萌发及幼苗生长的处理剂 Download PDF

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CN107518003A
CN107518003A CN201710830819.4A CN201710830819A CN107518003A CN 107518003 A CN107518003 A CN 107518003A CN 201710830819 A CN201710830819 A CN 201710830819A CN 107518003 A CN107518003 A CN 107518003A
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seedling
inorganic agent
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张承
龙友华
吴小毛
王秋萍
尹显慧
赵志博
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Guizhou University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种促进猕猴桃种子萌发及幼苗生长的处理剂,它的制备原料至少包括壳聚糖、好鲜收、钼酸铵和苦参碱。本发明处理剂采用天然物质壳聚糖、钼酸铵、好鲜收和苦参碱组成,经处理后,猕猴桃种子的发芽率可达到96%以上,且能较好底促进幼苗生长,且能有效消灭种子携带的猕猴桃溃疡病等重大病虫害,本发明处理剂效果显著、健康无病虫、成本低廉和环境友好,易于推广。

Description

一种促进猕猴桃种子萌发及幼苗生长的处理剂
技术领域
本发明属于猕猴桃栽培技术领域,具体涉及一种促进猕猴桃种子萌发及幼苗生长的处理剂。
背景技术
猕猴桃(Actinidia)作为世界公认的新兴水果,其果实中含有多种氨基酸和维生素,还有丰富的矿物质等,具有很高的食用价值和药用价值,被誉为“水果之王”,具有广阔的发展前景。当前,世界上栽培猕猴桃的主要国家有20多个,包括中国、意大利、新西兰、智利、希腊、法国、美国、伊朗、土耳其、日本、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞士、韩国、以色列和澳大利亚等。而在中国,猕猴桃产业得到了迅速发展,栽培面积和产量均居世界第一,2016年猕猴桃产量到达237万吨,且正在不断扩张。
猕猴桃栽培种植主要栽植嫁接苗和实生苗,而嫁接苗也是嫁接于实生苗上培育而成。在猕猴桃产业迅猛发展的势头下,迅速培育健壮的实生苗迫在眉睫。但是,猕猴桃种子小,受休眠特性限制,种子萌发慢,要求萌发环境条件高,利用普通方法萌发慢,发芽势弱,不利于快速培育健壮苗木。传统上是用沙藏层积的方法来打破休眠,但这种处理耗时长,发芽率比较低。当前,针对猕猴桃种子萌发研究主要涉及其萌发的温度、湿度以及沙藏适宜条件的筛选,也有研究发现赤霉素可促进其种子的萌发,但这些处理均为操作繁琐且效果不佳。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种对猕猴桃种子萌发和幼苗生长具有良好促进作用的种子专用处理剂,以期克服猕猴桃种子萌发困难、萌发时间长、萌发率低和生长不良好的缺陷。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现的:
本发明是一种促进猕猴桃种子萌发及幼苗生长的处理剂,它的制备原料至少包括壳聚糖、好鲜收、钼酸铵和苦参碱。
优选的,它由以下质量百分含量的原料制成:壳聚糖0.5%~1.5%、好鲜收1.0%~2.0%、钼酸铵0.001%~0.003%、苦参碱0.2%~0.4%,余量为水。
优选的,它由以下质量百分含量的原料制成:壳聚糖1.0%、好鲜收1.5%、钼酸铵0.0015%、苦参碱0.3%,余量为水。
其中,壳聚糖为水溶性,脱乙酰度大于95%;好鲜收为施普旺生物科技有限公司生产;所述苦参碱为0.3%苦参碱水剂。水的温度为40~45℃。
本发明与现有技术相比,本发明处理剂采用天然物质壳聚糖、钼酸铵、好鲜收和苦参碱组成,经处理后,猕猴桃种子的发芽率可达到96%以上,且能较好底促进幼苗生长,且能有效消灭种子携带的猕猴桃溃疡病等重大病虫害,本发明处理剂效果显著、健康无病虫、成本低廉和环境友好,易于推广。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施实例:
(1)原料来源:壳聚糖,河南华瑞生物工程有限公司;好鲜收:施普旺生物科技有限公司生产;钼酸铵:武汉丰竹林化学科技有限公司;苦参碱,河北沃德丰药业有限公司。
(2)实施例处理剂组成及制备:
实施例1:猕猴桃种子处理剂配方1,由0.5%壳聚糖、0.002%钼酸铵、0.3%苦参碱混合组成,加40~45℃无菌水制备100mL的处理剂A。
实施例2:猕猴桃种子处理剂配方2,由1.0%壳聚糖、0.002%钼酸铵、0.3%苦参碱混合组成,加40~45℃无菌水制备100mL的处理剂B。
实施例3:猕猴桃种子处理剂配方3,由1.5%壳聚糖、0.002%钼酸铵、0.3%苦参碱混合组成,加40~45℃无菌水制备100mL的处理剂C。
实施例4:猕猴桃种子处理剂配方4,由1.0%好鲜收、0.002%钼酸铵、0.3%苦参碱混合组成,加40~45℃无菌水制备100mL的处理剂D。
实施例5:猕猴桃种子处理剂配方5,由1.5%好鲜收、0.002%钼酸铵、0.3%苦参碱混合组成,加40~45℃无菌水制备100mL的处理剂E。
实施例6:猕猴桃种子处理剂配方6,由2.0%好鲜收、0.002%钼酸铵、0.3%苦参碱混合组成,加40~45℃无菌水制备100mL的处理剂F。
实施例7:猕猴桃种子处理剂配方7,由1.0%壳聚糖、1.5%好鲜收、0.002%钼酸铵、0.3%苦参碱混合组成,加40~45℃无菌水制备100mL的处理剂G。
(3)实验方法:
选取籽粒饱满的猕猴桃种子分别浸泡于100ml不同处理的温水处理剂溶液中,24h取出洗净,均匀与混入湿沙(含水量为75%左右)后平铺于发芽床上(直径为90mm的培养皿,内铺有2层湿滤纸),每床100粒种子,每处理3次重复,砂粒和种子按重量比为50∶1比例混合。置于25℃黑暗培养箱中培养崔苗,定时补充适量的蒸馏水,确保滤纸湿润。从第2天起每天定时统计日发芽量,第10天统发芽势(GE),统计发芽率(GP)和发芽指数(GI),各项指标的计算方法参照:
发芽率GP(%)=(25天正常发芽的种子数/供试种子总数)×100%;
发芽势GE(%)=(前10d内正常发芽种子数/供试种子总数)×100%;
按照上述方法处理待80%以上猕猴桃种子的露白时,分别均匀的播于规格相同的花盆里,每盆100粒种子,每处理3次重复,期间注意遮阴和浇水。播后120天测量实生苗株高、叶片数、胚根长、胚轴长、叶绿素和幼苗鲜重。
(4)实施实例效果:
从表1至表2可以看出,不同种子处理剂均能显著提高猕猴桃种子萌发及促进幼苗的生长,作用效果最好的为处理剂G(1.0%壳聚糖、1.5%好鲜收、0.0015%钼酸铵、0.3%苦参碱混合组成),与其它处理均达到极显著水平,且种子发芽率、发芽指数、株高、叶片数、胚根长、胚轴长、叶绿素和幼苗鲜重均极显著地高于对照。而单一的壳聚糖和好鲜收配伍钼酸铵、苦参碱处理,均随着处理浓度的升高,作用效果呈现先升高后降低的趋势;但均未有壳聚糖、好鲜收和钼酸铵、苦参碱混合使用好,表明本发明提供的猕猴桃种子处理剂,对种子萌发和幼苗的生长具有良好的促进作用。
表1不同种子处理剂对猕猴桃种子萌发的影响
注:同列数据后标不同小写字母表示在P<0.05下差异达显著水平,不同大写字母表示在P<0.05下差异达极显著水平.下表同
表2不同种子处理剂对猕猴桃幼苗生长的影响
当然,以上只是本发明的具体应用范例,本发明还有其他的实施方式,凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案,均落在本发明所要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种促进猕猴桃种子萌发及幼苗生长的处理剂,其特征在于:它的制备原料至少包括壳聚糖、好鲜收、钼酸铵和苦参碱。
2.根据权利要求1所述的促进猕猴桃种子萌发及幼苗生长的处理剂,其特征在于:它由以下质量百分含量的原料制成:壳聚糖0.5%~1.5%、好鲜收1.0%~2.0%、钼酸铵0.001%~0.003%、苦参碱0.2%~0.4%,余量为水。
3.根据权利要求2所述的促进猕猴桃种子萌发及幼苗生长的处理剂,其特征在于:它由以下质量百分含量的原料制成:壳聚糖1.0%、好鲜收1.5%、钼酸铵0.0015%、苦参碱0.3%,余量为水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的促进猕猴桃种子萌发及幼苗生长的处理剂,其特征在于:所述壳聚糖为水溶性,脱乙酰度大于95%;所述苦参碱为0.3%苦参碱水剂;所述水的温度为40~45℃。
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1044748A (zh) * 1990-02-06 1990-08-22 辽宁省商业科学技术研究所 以壳聚糖为原料的种籽处理剂制造使用方法
CN105075772A (zh) * 2015-07-25 2015-11-25 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 一种猕猴桃砧木苗的培育方法
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1044748A (zh) * 1990-02-06 1990-08-22 辽宁省商业科学技术研究所 以壳聚糖为原料的种籽处理剂制造使用方法
CN105075772A (zh) * 2015-07-25 2015-11-25 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 一种猕猴桃砧木苗的培育方法
CN105145630A (zh) * 2015-08-02 2015-12-16 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 含腐殖酸与壳寡糖或壳聚糖的组合物

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刘海河 等: "《蔬菜穴盘育苗技术》", 31 January 2014, 金盾出版社 *
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杨桦 等: "壳聚糖对种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响", 《四川林业科技》 *

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Application publication date: 20171229